Autophagy is a catabolic process involving the degradation of a cell's own proteins and organelles and the subsequent recycle of cellular products. Despite the fact that autophagy helps maintain survival, excessive autophagy can lead to autophagic cell death. Recent researches showed that autophagy played an important role in the development, progression and treatment of colorectal cancer;however, the exact mechanisms of autophagy and its effect on chemotherapy and radiotherapy are still under debate.

Few studies of cetuximab on patients with gastric and esophageal cancer were available now.The disease control rate was 72.7%～92%,OS was 9.5～16.6months,PFS/was 6.2～11 months among first-line setting with cetuximab-contained regimens.And cetuximab shown in second-line regimen setting overcome the resistance of irinotecan and docetaxel.The pCR was 13%～65% when cetuximab was used as induction treatment combined with concurrent chemoradiation.18F-FDG-PET was a potential method to predictthe efficacy of cetuximab-contained regimens,however,status of Kras gene had no predictive value.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multiple System Atrophy ; therapy

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of children malignant lymphoma.Method A retrospective study was carried out to analyse the clinical,laboratory and pathological data in 65 patients with malignant lymphoma.Results In the chidren malignant lymphoma,the incidence of nonHodgkin′s lymphoma(NHL) was more than that of Hodgkin′s disease(HL),the ratio of NHL to HL was 2.25∶1.The peak incidence of age was among 6 to 9 years old,the ratio of male to female is about(3.5∶1.)NHL of our children was mostly consised of lymphoblastic lymphoma,anaplastic large-cell lymphoma,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt′s lymphoma.The clinical manifestations were predominantly presented with peripheral nodes intumescing,mediastinal tumeur,abdominal tumeur,bone marrow infiltration.In patients with Hodgkin′s disease,mixed cellularity was the most common pathological category,and cervical painless lymphadenectasis was usually the initial signs in most patients,sometimes accompanied with infiltration of celiac lymph nodes,spleen and bone marrow.Conclusions NHL of our children differs from that of adult in the clinical feature and pathology,while HL of our patients is similar to adults.Since the prognosis of the malignant lymphoma is determined by its pathology,immunohistochemistry plays an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):160-161

Objective To study the value of CT and MRI(3D heavy T_2WI) in cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.Methods 4 cases with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea confirmed by operation were collected in this study.There were 2 men and 2 women.All patients underwent CT thickness was 0.625 mm and no gaps.MRI (coronal 3D heavy T2WI,thickness of 1 mm,TR/TE 5000 ms/119 ms).Results All 4 cases accepted the treatment of operations.The defects bone were showed by CT,and the sign of CSF of intracranial cavity communicated with nasal cavity diretly was showed by MRI,pituitary herniated into sphenoid sinus in one case also showed by MRI.Conclusion For spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea,thin-section coronal CT scan and MR coronal 3D heavy T_2WI can clearly show the location of fistulas.

Objective To study the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(sVEGF)in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and its clinical significance.Methods Serum level of VEGF was detected by ELISA method in 96 patients with advanced NSCLC.sVEGF level was analyzed after giving 2-4 cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.At the same time,serum level of VEGF in 50 healthy controls was detected.Results The level of sVEGF was significantly higher in patient with lung cancer than in control group (P＜0.01).No statistical significant defference was observed between sVEGF level of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ NSCLC patients,the patients with squamocellular lung cancer and adenocarcinoma(P＞0.05);Descended sVEGF level was found in the patients with response to chemotherapy(P＜0.05).Conclusion sVEGF can be used to evaluate chemotherapy response and diagnoses in the patients with advanced NSCLC.

Objective To analyze the etiological factor for hypo-side agglutination in cross match blood test(CMT)with microcolumn gel assay,and to provide a guide to the clinical blood transfusion.Methods The data were collected and analyzed about 81 cases with hypo-side agglutination in CMT with microcolumn gel assay and direct antiglobulin test(DAT)positive from Jan.2007 to Oct.2008.Results Among the 81 hype-side agglutinated cases,most were with kidney disease,liver and gall disease,hematologic disease and immunologic disease.Specially,the kidney disease was most,accounting for 16.2%.Conclusion The analysis contributes to disposal in CMT and the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

BACKGROUND:Cartilage scaffold plays an important role in articular cartilage injury, but it is stil restricted in practice, leading to the repair failure using tissue-engineered cartilage. OBJECTIVE:To explore the preparation method of cartilage scaffold with directional structure and its repairing effect in cartilage injury of rabbits. METHODS:Directional cartilage scaffolds were prepared by temperature gradient induced phase separation technique. The cross-linking of cartilage scaffold was completed with genipin. The physical and mechanical properties of scaffolds were determined. Forty-eight white rabbits were modeled into exercised-induced articular cartilage injury and equivalently randomized into two groups, fol owed by implantation of non-directional or directional scaffolds. Samples were col ected at postoperative 6, 12 and 24 weeks to compare the repair effect of two scaffolds on rabbit joint injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Scanning electron microscope showed that the regular microstructures on the longitudinal section of directional scaffolds were aligned in the same direction, while the longitudinal and transverse planes of the non-directional scaffolds showed porous honeycomb structures. The elastic modulus of the directional scaffold was significantly higher than that of the non-directional scaffold (P<0.05). O’Driscol histological scores in the directional scaffold group were significantly higher than those in the non-directional scaffold group at 6, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively (P<0.05). At postoperative 24 weeks, in the directional scaffold group, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the rabbit defect region was flat and smooth, and coronal two-dimensional scanning showed the cartilage thickness of the newborn cartilage was very close to that of the normal bone;the cartilage surface in the non-directional rabbits was flat under three-dimensional CT, and coronal two-dimensional scanning showed that the repaired cartilage was almost the same as the normal cartilage. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that at 24 weeks postoperatively, the defect site disappeared and the cartilage cel s arranged in the vertical direction in the directional scaffold group. There were typical cartilage lacunae at the defect site in the non-directional scaffold group at 24 weeks postoperatively. Our findings suggest that the directional cartilage scaffold prepared using temperature gradient induced phase separation technique holds good physical and mechanical properties, and its implantation into the rabbit articular cartilage injury induced by exercise can promote the injury repair to obtain ideal mechanical properties.

Objective]To explore the experiences in syndrome differentiation and treatment of acute leukemia from chief physician Xia Xiaojun. [Metheod] Learning my teacher diagnosing the disease, I refer to literature and combine with the study to summarize and introduce my teacher's clinical experiences and academic point of view in treatment of acute leukemia from the etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, treatment, prescriptions and so on. [Results]Teacher Xia thinks that the emphasis of acute leukemia is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality.The treatment is replenishing qi and blood,enforcing spleen and nourishing kidney and detoxication and activating blood stasis.Weighing the illness samples priorities and distinguishing between primary and secondary so as to improve the curative effect.[Conclusion]Teacher Xia bases on the progress of acute leukemia in different stages of syndrome characteristics,combines traditional Chinese with western medicine and finds the Huisheng Decoction series hebal medicine for treatment according to syndrome differentiation.The clinical curative effect is remarkable and the knowledge is worthy of our further in-deep learning.