Objective To study the cognition of scientific research integrity and know status of scientific research standard of nurses who had research experience so as to provide some evidence for nursing research integrity management.Methods A total of 296 nurses whose working years was more than 5years and who had delivered scientific research papers in 13 Grade A hospitals from 7 cities were investigated by self-designed questionnaires.Results More than 64.0％ nurses showed not appropriate or inappro-priate for those irresponsible research behavior.64.5％ nurses did not agree with the researchers to referring the research object situation for others,97.0％ nurses believed the research achievement should be objective.While nurses did not know the research standards well:only 56.1％ nurses knew the standard of submitting manuscript,and 20.6％ nurses knew research data collection,preservation and usage.Conclusions It is necessary to enhance the management of nursing research integrity through education and propaganda of the research standards,improving the scientific management system,increasing the research support for nurse scientific so as to promote the nursing research integrity.

Adult ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; United States

Hepatorenal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation

Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVE:To review the status quo and problems in the study of TCM formula granule.METHODS:Recent literature concerning the preparation technology and the normalization of quality criteria,etc.of TCM formula granule reported were reviewed and analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:TCM formula granule was of many merits such as safe and sani-tary,accurate in dosage measurement,portable etc.However,there are also some problems yet to be solved.

We have discussed the current medical professional ethic education status in china regarding international students coming to china,and analyzed the problem and the reason fo it.Combing with the practical experience of ourselves,we try to explore how to perfect the above-mentioned situation.

The incidence of malignancy tumors has increased significantly recent years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).As the first-line oral medicine of T2DM,in addition to the safe and effective hypoglycemic effect,metformin can reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer,and improve the prognosis in T2DM patients.While the exactly anti-tumor mechanisms of mefformin is not yet clear,which might be the inhibition of proliferation and promotion of apoptosis of tumor cells mainly by acting on an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and microRNAs (miRNAs).And metformin can inhibit migration and invasion of tumor cells,as well as strengthen the effects of chemotherapy drugs.This article reviews the recent research progress of clinical and epidemiological studies and anticancer mechanisms of metformin.

The bone turnover markers are composed of the metabolic products of bone matrix and bone cells.The changes of these markers in serum and/or urine represent the status of bone metabolism.To measure the level of these markers will offer important information for evaluating the diagnosis and the responses of therapy in metabolic bone diseases,and to predicat the risk of bone fracture.The biochemistry,measurement and clinical aplication will be introduced in this paper.

Objective To investigate the levels of IL-33 in the lung induced by Aspergillus fumigatus (A.fumigatus) exposure in bronchial asthmatic rats and the effects of dexamethasone.Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into group A (normal control),group B (asthma group),group C (A.fumigatus-exposed group),and group D (dexamethasone-treated group).B,C and D group were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish asthmatic models.Then,group C and D were given A.fumigatus spores intranasally.Group D was pre-treated with dexamethasone during ovalbumin challenge.Group A was sensitized and challenged intranasally with normal saline as control.Airway hyperresponsiveness,eosinophils percentage and serum IgE levels were measured to confirm the establishment of asthmatic model.Expression of IL-33 in the lung were quantified by ELISA and qRT-PCR.Lung tissues and blood were plated on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and cultivated for 24 h to measure the number of colony.Results Eosinophils percentage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF),IgE levels in serum and IL-33 levels in the lung in group B and C were much more higher than in group A (P＜0.05),and the increasing range in group C was more obvious than group B.However,the changes of sRaw values in these groups had no statistical significance.Esosinophils percentage in BALF and IL-33 levels in the lung were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and IgE levels in serum was slightly decreased (P＞0.05) in group D when compared with group C,but the ratio of A.fumigatus colonization in the lung was higher than group C.Conclusions Dexamethasone can inhibit the expression of IL-33 in the lung induced by A.fumigatus exposure in an asthmatic rat,but it also increases the risk of fungal colonization in the airway.Anti-IL-33 antibody treatment needs further research.