Objective To investigate the effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection on apoptosis of cord blood monocytes-derived dendritic cells (DC) in neonates. Methods Cord blood monocytes were induced into DC by 50 ng/mL recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF)and 10 ng/mL recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4),and DC were divided into three groups:①4G group:rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 were added separately on the day of cell separation;②4G+0d EBV group:rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4 and B95.8 cell supernatants were added simultaneously on the day of cell separation;③4G+5d EBV group:hGM-CSF and rhIL-4 were added on the day of cell separation,and B95.8 cell supernatants were added on the 5th day.Percents of DC apoptosis were measured using Annexin V-FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry.The expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) was detected by Western Blot.Results Percent of DC apoptosis in 4G+0d EBV group was significantly higher than that in 4G group on the 6th to 14th day(P<0.05),and percent of DC apoptosis in 4G+5d EBV group was significantly higher than that in 4G group on the 7th to 14th day(P<0.05).The effects of EBV infection on percent of DC apoptosis had relations with infection time points.The expression of XIAP in DC decreased significantly after EBV infection. Conclusion EBV promotes apoptosis of cord blood monocytes-derived DC,which is associated with the differentiation and maturation status of DC.

Objective To investigate the weight,length and scale of normal children′ stools and discuss clinical signification.Met-(hods) The fresh stools of 60 normal children (male 34,female 26)were measured,classify the stools according to Bristol′s scale.Results 1.The average weight of stools in 60 cases was (109.53?52.00) g,of male was (123.79?55.87) g,of female was (90.12?(39.66)) g,there was significant difference between them (t=0.013 P0.05);3.The stools was classified into 7 group according to Bristol′s scale.From 1 grade to 6 grade were 3.30%,(5.10%),5.10%,64.40%,15.30% and 6.80%,respectively,but there was no 7 grade stools.Conclusion The weight,length and scales of normal children′s stools can be used as a sign to evaluate the clonic movement of children,especially in diagnosis and treatment of constipation and stools dryness

The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) α,ERβ1,and ERβ2 in thyroid carcinoma,thyroid adenoma,and adjacent normal thyroid tissue were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,and the relationship of expression levels of three ERs and the main clinical pathologic parameters were evaluated.The result showed that ERα mRNA expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) tissues was significantly higher than adjacent normal tissue,while,ERβ2 mRNA expression in PTC tissues was significantly lower than normal tissue ( P＜0.05 ).The positive expression of ERβ1 and ERβ2 in the thyroid carcinoma was related with the histological variant of carcinomas; the ERβ2 expressions were related with the lymph node metastasis and TNM staging of the carcinomas.These results suggest that the decreased ERβ2 expression may induce proliferation and carcinogenesis of thyroid follicular epithelial cells as well as progression of the carcinoma,and is a powerful prognostic indicator.

Objective To learn the current obstetric beds allocation,obstetric service delivery and access in midwifery institutions at various levels in the localities and nationwide as well as the trends,and assess the equity of obstetric beds allocation,for the purpose of recommending on a reasonable adjustment of obstetric beds allocation in these institutions.Methods Random sampling made in 44 cities in China for questionnaire survey on obstetric beds allocation,service delivery and utilization in 2008～2010 at all midwifery institutions in these cities.Interview of health administrators and medical workers at obstetric of midwifery institutions in 6 counties.Results Every thousand square kilometers in China average 5.9 midwifery institutions,and every thousand people average 0.24 obstetric beds.During 2008 ～ 2010,the number of beds and midwifery service delivery kept a growing trend while in townships obstetric service deliveries maintain a falling trend.The fairness index of maternity beds layout nationwide is 0.021283.Obstetric beds supply and demand ratio in different regions ranges among 0.97～ 1.41.The number of deliveries made in county level hospitals is 54.1％,but the beds in such hospitals account for but 48.1％.Conclusion The equity of obstetric beds allocation is good in terms of population layout.The quantity of obstetric beds meets the current needs nationwide,while the allocation of obstetric beds is less than reasonable among obstetric institutions of various levels in the country.The authors recommend a better control and adjustment of midwifery institutions layout,especially more such hospitals at the township level to meet the need of women delivery in hospital in remote areas.

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BACKGROUND: It has been reported that nanosilver-containing biomaterials produce bad biological effects after they directly contact with or are implanted into human body.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether nanosilver yields potential adverse biological effects on human body and to evaluate its bioiogical safety.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An animal experiment observation was performed at the Medical Device Center of National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products from June 2005 to August 2006.MATERIALS: Nanosilver particles and microsilver particles were purchased from Sigma Company, USA.METHODS: Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 5 male and 5 female rats per group: nanosilver, microsilver, and blank control. Nanosilver and microsilver particles were respectively and subcutaneously implanted for subchronic toxicity test.The nanosilver and microsilver groups were given 0.33 g/kg nanosilver and microsilver, respectively. Rats from the blank control group received identical procedure, with the exception of drug application. Four rats were selected from each group for determination of silver content in serum and some organs by plasma mass spectrometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: serum biochemical indices, organ coefficient, and silver content.RESULTS: There was significant difference in individual organ coefficient between each drug application group and blank control group. But no significant difference in absolute mass was found between each drug application and the blank control group.These findings suggested no clinical significance of organ coefficient. Other organ coefficients were in the normal range, and there was no significant difference between each drug application group and the blank control group. Patho-histological changes related to toxicity were not found. Rats from the nanosilver group did not show toxic reaction.CONCLUSION: Nanosilver produces potential adverse biological effects after implanted into human body.

Objective To develop a flow cytometrie assay to for diagnosis of X-Linked Hyper.1gM Syndrome(XHIM).Methods Heparinized peripheral blood obtained from patient,mother and a healthy control was diluted with RPMI- 1640(unstimulated control)or with RPMI-1640 containing 15μl PMA(1 rig/μl)and 6 trl ionomycin(50 ng/μl)(stimulated cell).Using directly labeled antibodies,we have examined CD40 ligand levels on CD3+ CD8- lymphocyte surface,and CD69 levels on CD;lymphocyte Surface to determine whether the cells were activated.Results CD69 levels on CD3+ lymphocyte surface from stimulated group and from unstimulated group were above 96% and below 3%,respectively.CD40L levels Oil CD3 CDs-T lymphocyte surface from stimulated group were 0.8% (patient),60.04%(mother) and 62.87%(healthy contr01).CD40L levels on CD3+ CD8-T lymphocyte surface from unstimulated group were 0.88% (patient),4.15%(mother)and 5.51%(healthy contr01).Conclusion This flow cytometric assayis accurate and convenient,which Can be used in neonatal screening.

Objective To explore the immune characteristic of a patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia and low natural killer(NK)cell numbers. Methods Case histories were analyzed repeatedly to grasp important characteristics of the disease. A routine blood examination and peripheral blood immunological detection was done. Complete neutrophil function test,lymphocyte proliferation ability and cytokine profile were evaluated. Results A 3-year-old boy was referred to the hospital because of fever and abdominal pain as well as partial intestinal obstruction. Laboratory examination revealed low immunoglobulin,reduced absolute numbers of B and NK cells and deficient B cell function of lower IFN-γ and IL-12 production. The patient also had mesenteric lymphadenopathy and a caecal mass with histology suggestive of ileocecal junctional tuberculosis. The patient was infected with cytomegalovirus(CMV)and fungus,which are not common in simple antibody deficiencies. The patient was followed for four years and during this period the patient had recurrent periodontitis resulting in the loss of one tooth. Conclusions Although the precise mechanism of the defect is unclear,we speculate that the case may cast new light on primary immunodeficiencies predominantly with antibody deficiency.(J Clin Pediatr,2011,29(7):601-608)

Stroke is a hi-attack rate,hi-multilation rate and hi-death rate disease.More than 70 percent patients with stroke remain functional disturbance,which destroy their quality of life and bring them heavy burden.The early multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment,rehabilitation care,family rehabilitation training and application of new technology are the major strategies in kinds of rehabilitation treatment on stroke patients.The clinical researches have showed that the effect of multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment is obviously better than simple treatment.So these therapeutic regimens have wonderful prospect and valuable generalization.

The microbial populations and community structure characterization technologies of the enhanced biological phosphate removal system were reviewed comprehensively in this paper, and their future research directions were outlined.