To investigate amethod which could prolong the efficient time of morphine and decrease side effect. Met hods:100 patients were randomly divided into four groups, receiving the different dispensation of analgesia. Analgesic solutions were given into epi dural space 510 minutes before operation was finished. Analgesic efficiency, efficient time, and side effects were recorded. esult: Sol utions diluted with hypertonia glucose injection might prolong the efficient time obviously (P＜0.01). When combined with bupivacaine or scopolamine the sid e effects were decreased. Conclusion: Morphine combined wi th bupivacaine or scopolamine diluted with hypertonis glucose injection, used in epidural analgesia, can bring longer efficient time and less side effects.

Objective To verify the accuracy of detecting part of biochemical markers of the new"B&G System".Methods Blood serum creatinine(SCr),urea nitrogen(BUN),serum uric acid(UA),Ca or P of the same serum example were detected by"B&G System"and Hitachi 7170S automatic biochemistry analysis instrument (7170S) respectively.Each biochemical marker was divided into two teams on the basis of measure values of 7170S, and then measure values of two methods were compared.If there were significant differences,the biochemical mark- ers's detection program of"B&G System"was corrected,and then measure values of two methods of corresponding biochemical markers were compared.Results Two methods' measure values of SCr of abnormal team,BUN of each team,SUA of each team and P of each team weren't significantly different,measure values of SCr of normal team,Ca of two teams were significantly different.After corrected"B&G System",two methods' measure values of sCr of normal team,Ca of two teams weren't significantly different.Conclusion"B&G System"through correction could accurately detect biochemical markers,and it's worth applicating in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.

METHODSSixty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and SAP group, and in the latter group, SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate in the pancreaticobiliary duct. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after the operation, and the severity of pancreatitis was assessed according to histological scoring. The serum levels of VEGF were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of VEGF in the pancreatic tissues was measured by SP immunohistochemistry. Another 30 SD rats were randomized into the control group, SAP group and SAP+recombinant rat VEGF injection group, and the vascular permeability of the pancreatic microcirculation was determined by Evans Blue leakage test.

RESULTSAt each of the time points for measurement, both the serum VEGF level and scores of pancreatic tissue injury were significantly higher in SAP group than in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of VEGF in the pancreatic tissues of SAP group were significantly up-regulated following the operation (P<0.05). The vascular permeability of the pancreatic microcirculation significantly increased after the onset of SAP, and injection of recombinant rat VEGF significantly increased the leakage rate of Evans Blue.

CONCLUSIONVEGF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and in causing edema and hemorrhage in SAP, and the level of serum VEGF may reflect the severity of pancreatic injury.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Capillary Permeability ; physiology ; Male ; Pancreatitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

Adult ; Coal Mining ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract, and the second most frequent cause of Gram-negative bacteraemia and urinary tract infections. Drug resistant isolates remain an important hospital-acquired bacterial pathogen, prolong hospital stays, and are especially problematic in high impact medical areas such as intensive care units. A variety of preventive measures were applied to reduce such incidences. The immune therapies for Klebsiella pneumoniae include active immunization and passive immunization. Many trials for constructing effective vaccines are followed, including inactivated vaccines, polysaccharide vaccine, conjugate vaccine, protein vaccine, and nano vaccine. This review was about the development of vaccines for the prevention of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objective To investigate effects of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional learning (TL) on students' long-term memory and clinical practice ability. Methods Totally 79 5-year-program undergraduates of 2006, 2007, 2008 grade in school of clinical medicine of our hospital were randomly divided into PBL group (n=38) and TL group (n=41). The teaching effects were evaluated by two exams as well as teachers' subjective impression. SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis software was used;exam results were expressed as x±s; t test and rank sum test were used to analyze the exam results and subjective impression. α=0.05 was set as inspection level. Results In the second exam after 6 months, the mean exam scores were (76.66 ±5.94) and (73.59 ±5.74) in PBL group and TL group, without significant differences between the two groups (t=1.85, P=0.068). However, at clinical intern-ship stage, PBL group outperformed TL group based on the subjective evaluation (P=0.065, 0.277). Conclusion PBL can culture students' ability of problem-solving, but it is limited in culturing long-term memory.

Objective To investigate the clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of children with electrical status cpilepticus during sleep (ESES), and the response to medication therapy. Methods AEEG and VEEG including an entire sleeping c-ycle were performed on 26 patients with ESES. The clinical and EEG changes, neuropsychological impairment and the response to medication therapy were followed up. Results Twenty five patients had seizures,21 cases had normal psychomotor development before ESES. After the onset of the disease,Fifteen cases developed language disorder, 16 cases developed psychological and behavior abnormalities, 13 cases had both of the problems Seventeen patients belonged to epileptic syndrome. Patients in this cohort had good response to clonazepam and valproate treatment. Cortical steroid could dispel the electrical discharge. Eighteen patients had been followed up. Seizures stopped in 15 cases after treatment ESES disappeared in 16 cases, 4 of them still had neuropsychological impairment ESES sustained in 2 cases Conclusions ESES is a specific EEG phenomenon. Continue epileptic form discharge during non - rapid cye movement sleep is the major cause of neuropsychological impairment in patients with ESES. To control the seizures and electrical state are very important for the prevention and treatment of neuropsychological impairment.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the time-effect of silica on the expression of lung tissue nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in early inflammatory damage stage of silicotic rat.

METHODSAnimal models were established by direct tracheal instillation of silica into rat lungs. Total NOS and induced NOS (iNOS) activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assayed. The expression of iNOS protein in paraffin-embedded lung sections with Streptavidin/peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry were measured by tissue microarray and Image-Pro Plus.

RESULTSMost of the expression of iNOS was in the cytoplasm of macrophages and neutrophils. iNOS integrated optical density (IOD) of lung tissue increased 1.47 x 10(5) and 2.73 x 10(5) more respectively in silicatreated rats 3, 7 days after exposure than in control rats (P < 0.05), and decreased 1.11 x 10(5) more 28 days after exposure (P < 0.01). The activities of iNOS in BALF increased by 0.86, 1.89 and 0.92 U/ml respectively 3, 7, 14 days after exposure (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The activities of total NOS in BALF increased by 1.43, 2.05, 2.61 and 2.19 U/ml respectively 1, 3, 7, 14 days after exposure (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAfter silica instillation, the iNOS-positive cells in rat lung tissue were mostly macrophages and neutrophils. There is a parabolic changing trend in the level of expression of lung iNOS during 1 - 28 day exposure to silica.

Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; cytology ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; GB virus C ; classification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of cryptotanshinone on androgen synthesis for the prenatally androgenized male rats.

METHODSOn days 16-18 of pregnancy, rats were injected s. c. with testosterone propionas continuously for 3 days; male offspring were studied as subject. Serum concentrations of testosterone (T), 17a-hydroxy progesterone (17-OHP), blood glucose, and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Then, the rats were treated with cryptotanshinone by gavage for 14 days, and the levels of serum T, 17-OHP and insulin were detected and the 17a-hydroxylase protein expression in interstitial cell was measured using the method of immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThere was no difference between the male groups who were prenatally androgenized in serum levels of T, but the 17-OHP, fasting insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) elevated significantly (P < 0.05). Cryptotanshinone could lower the levels of 17-OHP (P < 0.05) but had no effect on 17a-hydroxylase.

CONCLUSIONPrenatally androgenized male rats exhibit elevated 17-OHP and diminished insulin sensitivity. Cryptotanshinone could decrease 17-OHP, but has no effect on insulin, indicating it may reduce androgen synthesis.

Androgens ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Phenanthrenes ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar