BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that the changes of extracellular matrix in degenerative intervertebral disc tissues mainly present as the decrease of col agen type Ⅱ and proteoglycan contents and the increase of col agen type Ⅰ content. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene on nucleus pulposus Ⅰ and Ⅱ col agen levels in rabbit degenerative intervertebral disc tissues. METHODS:L 2-3 , L 3-4 , L 4-5 and L 5-6 lumbar discs of 12 New Zealand white rabbits were punctured to establish interverbral disc degeneration model. Subsequently, 12 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, four rabbits in each group. The intervertebral discs in the adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 group were injected with the adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene, the intervertebral discs in the adeno-associated virus group were injected with adeno-associated virus only, while the discs in the normal saline group were injected with normal saline. Al rabbits were sacrificed after injected for 8 weeks, and the L 2-3 , L 3-4 , L 4-5 and L 5-6 lumbar discs of each rabbit were col ected, paraffin-embedded and sliced. The histological changes of nucleus pulposus were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the immunohistochemistry was used to detect the col agen type Ⅰ and Ⅱ expressions in nucleus pulposus. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc tissues was less in the adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 group, the nucleus pulposus was in single or clustered distribution with clear nucleus structure and without fibrous tissue fil ing. The tissue structures of nucleus pulposus were the same in the adeno-associated virus group and normal saline group, the cellnumber in nucleus pulposus was smal , the nucleus pulposus was shrunken and shriveled, and the cells were fil ed with fibrous tissue and arranged disorderly. Immunohistochemistry staining showed the expression of col age type Ⅰ in the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus of adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 group was higher than that of the adeno-associated virus group and normal saline group (P<0.05);the expression of col age typeⅠ in the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus of adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 group was lower than that of the adeno-associated virus group and normal saline group (P<0.05). The results indicate that adeno-associated virus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 2 can inhibit the expression of col agen type Ⅰ in the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus, promote the expression of col agen type Ⅱ. Maintaining the content of col agen in intervertebral disc can keep the histological structure and morphology of intervertebral disc, stabilize the environment for nucleus pulposus cellgrowth, and delay the intervertebral disc degeneration.

Objective To explore the effects of air pollution on children's nonspecific immune function,and find the sensitive indexes reflecting the earlier damages of human health induced by air pollution.Methods The data on air pollution were provided by Benxi and Shenyang environment protective bureaus. 300 children in grade 1 and grade 6,half for girls and half for boys were selected from area with slight air pollution and area with heavy air pollution in Shenyang and Benxi respectively by cluster sampling method.The contents of SIgA and the activities of bacteriolytic enzyme in saliva of children were measured by radioimmunoassay and agar spread assay respectively.Results The difference of the contents of saliva SIgA was observed in children in grade 1 between area with heavy air pollution(70.60 ?g/ml)and area with slight air pollution(97.77 ?g/ml),P

Objective To develop the methods for determination of nitromethane,nitroethane,1-nitropropane,2-nitropropane in the air of workplace. Methods Nitromethane,nitroethane,1-nitropropane,2-nitropropane in the air of workplace were collected by active carbon tube,desorbed in ethyl acetate solution and detected by capillary gas chromatography (GC-FID). Results The linear concentration range of nitromethane,nitroethane,1-nitropropane,2-nitropropane was 43.2-345.3,177.6-1 421.0,68.5-547.7,24.1-192.4 ?g/ml respectively and the relative standard deviation was 1%-5%. Sampling efficiency was 100%,desorption efficiency was 91%-93%. The sample could be resaved at 4-10 ℃ for 5-7 days. Conclusion The method is applicable to determination of nitromethane,nitroethane,1-nitropropane,2-nitropropane in the air of workplace.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of Acertil on stroke sequel.METHODS:The liver function,kidney function,ion,blood sugar and blood pressure of enrolled patients were examined at given time periods.RESULTS:Dis?ability degree0～1∶Acertil group14cases(49.99%),control group8cases(30.67%);Disability degree3～4∶Acertil group1case(3.5%),control group5cases(19.22%).CONCLUSION:Acertil can abate the disability degree of stroke sequel patients.

AIM To investigate the possible role of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (??m) and caspase 3 in arsenic trioxide(As 2O 3)-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. METHOD Namalwa, SGC7901 and Bcap37 cell lines were used as in vitro models. Apoptosis was confirmed by sub-G 1 cells content as well as phosphatidylserine(PS) externalization. The ??m was detected on flow cytometry through double staining of Rhodamine 123(Rh123) and popidium iodide(PI). In addition, the effect of DEVD-CHO, a selective inhibitor of Caspase 3, on As 2O 3-induced apoptosis was studied. RESULT The As 2O 3-induced apoptosis closely associated with the externalization of the ??m and the activation of Caspase 3. As 2O 3 induced cells necrosis when Caspase 3 was inhibited. CONCLUSION As 2O 3 may selectively activates Caspase 3 after it induces externalization of ??m, which causes cancer cells apoptosis.

Objective　To investigate the effect of amniotic membrane on the proliferation of YAC-1 in vitro. Methods　The YAC-1 cells were cultured with amniotic membrane and their proliferation were observed by MTT automated colorimetry on the lst day， the 3rd day and the 7th day respectively.Results　Amniotic membrane could significantly enhance the proliferation of YAC-1 on the lst day, the 3rd day and the 7th day respectively after having been seeded (P＜0.01).Conclusion　Amniotic membrane can enhance the proliferation of tumor cells (YAC-1), which should be paid attention to during amniotic membrane transplantation for treating ocular surface lesion caused by epibulbar tumors. ［Rec Adv Ophthalmol 2000;20(5)∶317-318］

Objective To discuss the effect of applying evidence-based medicine (EBM) in orthopedic clinical teaching for eight-year program medical students in military medical university. Methods Totally 50 eight-year medical students in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital were equally divided into two groups:experimental group(EBM teaching group) and control group. The teacher of experimental group selected appropriate cases and set up the questions according to the difficulties encountered in clinical situation. Students retrieved the relevant medical literature and found out the most useful information for EBM system analysis. The results combined with the current cases were discussed. The teachers summarized clinical experiences and data according to the relevant depart-ment. Traditional direct infusion teaching mode was used in control group. Clinical work experiences were used to guide the students . After-department examination was conducted for both group after finishing the internship and questionnaire investigation was made among students in experiment group. Statistical analysis was carried out on the examination results with SPSS 17.0 software. Mea-surement data were expressed as x±s and comparison on mean differences between two groups was analyzed by t test. Results Average scores of subjective topic and military related topic in the theory exam were higher in experimental group than in traditional teaching group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.001). Excellent rate was 80%(20/25) in case discussion in experimental group and 60%(15/25) in control group. Experimental investigation questionnaire showed that: students got enhanced in learning initiative and broadened knowledge. 96%(24/25) students strengthened the learn-ing efficiency of military related chapters. 88%(22/25) students accepted this method and expected to continue. Conclusions Using the method of evidence-based medicine in eight-year program medical students in military medical university can cultivate the spirit of the stu-dents' self-study actively and rigorous earnest attitude. Students can grasp learning methods and sci-entific thinking. It also can strengthen students' awareness of military medicine and research.

Objective: To revise the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS), which are self-related social anxiety measurements developed by Mattick and his colleagues. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of more than 1,300 college students of Beijing and analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reliability test and validity test. Results: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the revised SIAS and SPS were single-factor construct and had good construct validities. The Cronbach's ? coefficient of the SIAS scale was 0.874, the reliability coefficient of split-half was 0.862, and the test-retest stability coefficient was 0.863. The Cronbach's ? coefficient of the SPS scale was 0.904, the reliability coefficient of split-half was 0.865, and the test-retest stability coefficient was 0.849. The correlation between total score of SIAS and that of Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale(FNE) was 0.514, and the correlation between total score of SPS and that of FNE was 0.479. Conclusion: The revised scales of SIAS and SPS has good psychometric quality and can be used in Chinese college students.

Objective To observe the expression of zinc finger protein A20(A20), NF-κB and related inflammatory factors before and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates degeneration of rabbit intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells.Methods The normal and degenerative nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured, then divided into normal group,degenerative group,LPS stimulation group and NF-κB inhibition group.HE staining observe the morphological changes of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of A20,NF-κB/p65 and COL-Ⅱ.Real-time PCR was employed to analyze the expression of A20,IL-1β,TNF-α,NF-κB and COL-Ⅱ,Western blot was used to observe the A20 protein,p65 and COL-Ⅱexpression in the four groups, and TNF-α, IL-1β in cell supernatant was determined by ELISA.Results The number of nucleuspulposus cells significantly decreased, aggregation occured in the degenerative group.COL-Ⅱ was obvious lower and A20, p65 significantly higher than that in normal group by immunohistochemical staining.Compared with the normal group,A20,TNF-α,IL-1β,p65 expression was significantly increased and COL-Ⅱ decreased in the mRNA and protein levels in degenerative group.Above indexes changed more significant in LPS stimulation group than in degenerative group.The expression of A20, TNF-α, IL-1β, p65 in the NF-κB inhibitor group was lower than that in the LPS group, and the expression of type Ⅱ collagen increased(P<0.05).Conclusions Intervertebral disc inflammatory response is closely related to the development of intervertebral disc degeneration, A20 may play an important role.

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a peptide hormone, it has been proved a promotion role on the proliferation of precursor cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the intravenous injection of IGF-1 on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells in rats after cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 40 rats in each group. The rats in two groups were used to prepare models of focal cerebral ischemia using modified suture method, the rats in the experimental group were treated with tail vein injection of IGF-1, according to 100 μg/kg computation, the injection was given for 6 continuous days; in the control group, rats were given equal volume of saline. The rats were decapitated at 7, 14, 21, 28 days following intervention, respectively, and rats in each group were given intraperitoneal injection of the BrdU at 1 day before death. Immunohistochemistry and double staining were applied to detect the expressions of BrdU-positive cells, PSA-NCAM-positive cells, BrdU + PSA-NCAM double-positive cells, and BrdU + MAP2 double-positive cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of BrdU-positive cells and PSA-NCAM positive cells reached the peak at 7 days after ischemia; BrdU + PSA-NCAM double-labeled-positive cells could be detected in ischemic bilateral subependymal zone and dentate gyrus, the number was the most at 7 days, then followed by a gradual decrease; the BrdU + MAP2 double-positive cells began to increase from 14 days, and then gradually increased along with the decrease of BrdU + PSA-NCAM double-positive expression, showing a reverse trend. Intravenous injection of IGF-1 can induce the proliferation, differentiation and migration of neural stem cells in rats following ischemic brain injury.