Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM),also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is classified as an autoimmune disease.Academia currently define it as one of the important autoimmune diseases(IAIDs).The most significant pathophysiological characteristics of T1DM are the pathological humoral and cellular autoimmune response which results in damage to pancreaticβ-cell and absolute reduction insulin.Thus, the mainstream traditional therapy for T1DM has been to chronically replenish insulin or substitutes.Nevertheless, this approach may generate a number of side effects, especially hypoglycemia reaction, hypoglycemic coma and insulin resistance.In recent years, the clinical use of methotrex-ate(MTX) as an immunity inhibitor or regulator aiming at pathogenesis of T1DM has received increasing attention and will become another significant case where an old drug is used for new purposes.The advances in research on MTX in T1DM are discussed in this paper.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a method for the microbial limit test of Anshenning oral liquid and carry out validation of the mothed. METHODS: The validation on the microbial limit test method was conducted in accordance with the counting method of bacteria, mycetes and yeasts and the control bacteria test method stated in the Appendix of China Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition). Culture dilution method was used in bacterium count and total combined molds and yeasts count; while routine method was used in the control bacteria test. RESULTS: The recoveries of test organisms in the control group 3 preparations by routine method were more than 70%. The recoveries of the test group were more than 70%. In the 3 control bacteria tests the negative control bacterias, was not found in the negative control group, while the control bacteria was found in the test group. CONCLUSION: The established method substances can eliminate the antimicrobial in Anshenning oral liquid is accurate, and comprehensive, and can be used for the microbial limit test of Anshenning oral liquid.

The relation between patent applications and published papers in hospitals of Guangdong Province since 2000 on China Intellectual Property Network was analyzed , which showed that the quality and quantity of patents were lower in hospitals of Guangdong Province than in those of Shanghai and Beijing , the quality of patents was re-lated with the medical service level in hospitals, the patent applications were centralized in large class A hospitals of Guangzhou , and inventive patents were those of medical preparations .Suggestions were thus put forward for hos-pitals of Guangdong Province to improve their awareness of patent application, the quality of patents, transformation of patents, cooperation with patent service organizations, research of patent application, and balance of patent dis-tribution in different areas.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the common problems and their management in the endoscopic nasal dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR) for recurrent dacryocystitis.METHODS A total of 44 patients with recurrent dacryocystitis were performed in our hospital from July,2003 to July,2008.The clinical data of all the cases were studied.All the cases were followed up for over 6 months.RESULTS The common problems met in the operation according to the occurrence frequency were bleeding,difficult for localizing the lacrimal sac,the size and the location of the bony ostium,the size of lacrimal ostium and sinonasal diseases.The cure rate was 93.18%(41/44). CONCLUSION Special instruments,skillful handling and familiar with intranasal anatomy of the lacrimal sac area are the keys to improve the successful rate of endoscopic nasal dacryocystorhinostomy.

Objective In order to study the relationship between the platelet activation sign:P-selectin(GMP 140 ) expression and human IgA nephropathy.Methods Expression of platelet membrane glucoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GP Ⅱb ,GP Ⅲa ) in blood for IgA nephropathy patients(n=46) was investigated by flow cytometry methods.Results In IgA nephropathy the up-regulated GMP 140 expression in blood was significantly higher than that in normal humans.Conclusions GMP 140 might play an important role in pathogenesis of IgA nephropahty,and the level of GMP 140 in blood might predict renal outcome in IgA nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the choice of microsurgical treatment modalities and it's clinical effect on middle ear cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media. METHODS 110 cases with middle ear cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media were analysed which performed canal wall up mastoidectomy and canal wall down mastoidotympanectomy or at the same time tympanoplasty depending on lesion extent and the recovery time, complications, recurrence and postoperative hearing improvement were followed-up. RESULTS 110 cases were reviewed including 66 cases of middle ear cholesteatoma, 44 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media. Among these 51 cases undergone canal wall up mastoidotympanectomy accounting for 46.36%, 46 case undergone tympanoplasty, accounting for 41.81%. 59 cases undergone canal wall down mastoidectomy, accounting for 53.64%. In the canal wall up mastoidectomy group, 37 ears got hearing improvement >25 dB(33.64%), >15 dB 14 ears(12.72%), while in the canal wall down mastoidectomygroup, 5 ears got hearing improvement>15 dB(4.55%), 4 ears hearing loss(3.64%). Statistically significant difference exist in preoperative and postoperative speech frequency of average hearing threshold. We have found 4 cases of recurrence with cholesteatoma after 1 year follow-up. CONCLUSION According to different lesions of middle ear and mastoid, different operative methods can be used to obtain the corresponding clinical curative effect.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Facial Muscles ; physiopathology ; Facial Paralysis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Garcinol, a benzenetriol compound extracted from Garcinia cambogia, has antitumor activity, however, its antitumor mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of garcinol as a novel potential proteasome inhibitor. We applied the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) method coupled to mass spectrometry to determine the binding protein of garcinol; the proteasome activity assay was used to determine the effect of garcinol on its hydrolase activity; immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assay (PLA) were used to detect the effects of garcinol on ubiquitin and RPN6; and flow cytometry were used to determine the effects of garcinol on cell apoptosis; and the anti-cancer effect was studied in organoid models. The results showed that RPN6 was a direct binding protein of garcinol; garcinol inhibited the hydrolase activity of proteasome, and induced the accumulation and aggregation of ubiquitin protein, and its proteasomal inhibitory effect was dependent on RPN6; further studies showed that garcinol induced oligomerization of RPN6 and formation of granules in the nucleus; finally, it was verified that garcinol induced apoptosis of tumor cells, and inhibited the growth of organoids of Apc^min/+ small intestine mice. These results suggest that garcinol is a potential proteasome inhibitor, which inhibits proteasome activity by directly targeting RPN6 on proteasome 19S, which in turn induces cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Syringae Cortex. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica (200-300), pre-HPLC and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as syringin(I), sinapylal-dehyde 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(II), syringaldehyde(III), coniferyl aldehyde(IV), betulinic acid(V), oleuroprin(VI), oleoside dimethyl ester(VII), ligstroside(VIII), 2″-epifraxamoside (DC), β-sitosterol(X), n-triaconatanoic acid(XI) and 2-(4-hydroxyphe-nyl)-ethyl-l-dodecyloctadecanoate) (XII). CONCLUSION: Compounds II-V, VII and XI-XII are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of tube moxibustion plus point-toward-point needling method for refractory facial paralysis. Methods: A total of 100 patients with refractory facial paralysis who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 50 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with acupuncture by point-toward-point needling method, mainly in the affected eye, cheek and mouth areas. The observation group was given additional tube moxibustion after receiving the point-toward-point needling method, which inserted a tube moxibustion device into the external acoustic meatus 1 cm on the affected side for 20 min. Both groups were treated once a day, 6 times a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. The House-Brackmann scale was scored before and after treatment, and the facial nerve electromyogram data were collected. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.6％, which was higher than 64.6％ of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportion of new-onset facial paralysis complications (facial synkinesis, facial spasm, facial paralysis perversion, and crocodile tears) in the observation group was 6.4％, which was lower than 35.4％ in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the observation group, the numbers of cases after treatment with the ratio of action potential amplitude between the affected side and the healthy side increased by 10％-30％ and over 30％ were more than those in the control group. And the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tube moxibustion plus point-toward-point needling method has a better effect in improving symptoms of refractory facial paralysis, decreasing the incidence of sequelae, and increasing clinical efficacy than the point-toward- point needling method alone.