OBJECTIVE:To Study the cost-effectiveness among3therapeutical schemes in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy.METHODS:A total of94cases with Graves ophthalmopathy were randomized into3groups,Group A was assigned to receive medrat,Group B to receive dexamethasone and Group C to receive prednisone,the outcomes were evaluated in terms of the cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:The costs for Group A,B and C were2956.76yuan,2059.42yuan and31.09yuan,respectively.The total effective rates were93.94%,93.75%and51.72%,respectively.The cost-effec-tiveness ratios were31.47yuan,21.97yuan and0.60yuan,respectively.The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of Group A and B were69.30yuan and48.26yuan,respectively as against Group C.CONCLUSION:In terms of pharmacoeconomics,Group B is comparatively the best option in treating Graves ophthalmopathy.

Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Respiration, Artificial

Objective To conduct prospective randomized controlled clinical observation on patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma under chemotherapy and radiotherapy using inhaling therapy with recombinant human interleukin 11,and the preventing and curing effect of recombinant human interleukin 11 on radiation-induced pharyngitis is evaluated.Methods 161 cases of newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancer were selected under the principle of informed consent and these 161 cases were divided into the observation group (87 cases) and the control group (74 cases) based on randomization principle.In the observation group,when the dose reached 20Gy,then recombinant human interleukin-11 inhaling therapy was applied `ll the end of radiotherapy,for the control group,conventional treatment was applied in the event of radioactive throat.RTOG criteria were used during the observation in patients with the occurrence and treatment of radioactive pharyngitis.Results When compared with the control group,the average time for radioactivity to appear was prolonged,the severity decreased and the healing time was shortened in the observation group,those data were statistically significant.Conclusions Recombinant human interleukin-11 inhaling therapy can prevent and cure inhalation of radioactive pharyngitis and this therapy is better than conventional treatment.It's worthy of further study and clinical application.

Objective To observe the effects of menopause on prothrombotic profiles in ovariectomized rats .Methods Thirty two healthy female SD rats of 9 to 10 months were divided into 4 groups, the control shamed and the observation groups ovariectomized .Rats in the baseline group and the early menopause group were sacrificed one week later , and the control and late menopause group 10 weeks later.The prothrombotic profiles were detected including plasma FIB , ATⅢ activity, PAI-1 levels, D-D level, vWF levels and NO concentration, TXA2 and PGI2 levels.Results In early menopause, plasma FIB increased dramatically while ATⅢactivity remained lit-tle changed.PAI-1 demonstrated an increasing trend .vWF significantly increased but NO significantly decreased .In later menopausal stage, PAI-1 increased dramatically but FIB somewhat decreased .Plasma ATⅢactivity significantly increased and vWF still remained a high level.NO increased a little.In both early and later stage, TXA2 and PGI2 simultaneously increased while D -D showed little change between groups .Conclusion Menopause plays different roles in different aspects of thromoembolism , resulting in increased risk in early menopause due to prothrombotic state and decreased risk in later menopause when new balances between profiles were established .

As a tumor suppressor, p53 is activated by numerous cellular and environmental signals, and plays a criticalrole in the cell cycle regulation, cell apoptosis and senenscence. The murine double minute (MDM)2 and double minute mu?rine 4 (MDMX) are two important regulators. MDMX is a p53 binding protein with strong sequence homology to MDM2, but lacks ubiquitin ligase activity, and which is unable to target p53 for proteasomal degradation. MDMX regulates p53 activity through its binding with p53 and its postranscriptional modification. MDMX in the closed and open structure binds to p53 to regulate its activity. As the main partner of MDMX, casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) disrupts the intramolecular binding in MD?MX in the cooperation to regulate p53 activity. The process of MDMX and CK1αin the regulation of p53 is multi-step and complicated. In this paper the mechanism of MDMX and CK1αin the regulation of p53 protein was reviewed.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) on oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization in mice,and to investigate the possible involvement of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the neovascular-inhibitory function of PEDF.Methods A total of 140 postnatal day (P)7 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model group,PEDF treatment group and PBS treatment control group.All mice except normal control group with their mothers were exposed to (75 ± 2)％ oxygen environment for 5 days and then kept in room air for another 5 days to establish the OIR model.Mice in normal control group were kept in room air only.At P12 and P14,respectively,mice in PEDF treatment group received intravitreous injections of 1 μl PEDF (2 μg/μl),while PBS treatment control group received the same volume of PBS (10 mmol/L,pH7.4).All mice were euthanized at P17 and eyes were isolated.The changes of retinal vessels were observed on retinal flat mounts and cryosections by fluorescence microscopy.Retinal specimens were prepared for IL-1β protein and mRNA analysis by Western blot and real time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR).Results Changes of retinal vessels had been viewed by fluorescence microscopy on flat-mounted retina,the relative retinal neovascularization areas were significantly increased in OIR model group compared with normal control group (t =15.02,P＜0.01),and the relative retinal neovascularization areas were obviously smaller in PEDF treatment group than those in PBS treatment control group (t=5.96,P＜0.01).Fluorescence staining revealed that retinal vascular tufts were extending from outer plexiform layer (OPL) to ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina along with multiple interconnections; Neovascular tufts in OIR model group and PBS treatment control group were presenting distinctly more than those of normal control group and PEDF treatment group.The specific expression levels of IL-1β protein in retinas of OIR mice by Western blot analysis were higher than those of normal control group(t=3.35,P＜0.05),While these of PEDF treatment group showed a considerable decline in comparison with PBS treatment control group (P＜0.01),and there were no difference in normal control group and PEDF-treated group (F=11.764,P＞0.05).Similarly,expression levels of IL-1β mRNA tested by Real-time RT-PCR were obviously increased in the OIR model group when compared to normal control group(t =4.43,P ＜ 0.01).After treated with PEDF,expression levels of IL-1β mRNA showed a considerable decrease when compared to PBS treatment control group (P ＜ 0.01),and there were no difference in normal control group and PEDF-treated group (F=11.15,P＞0.05).Conclusions PEDF can inhibit oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization.The mechanism may be related to that PEDF can downregulate the expression of IL 1β in retina.

[Objective]To evaluate our protocol with the extensile lateral approach to open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures.[Method]From 2001 to 2005,35 patients(41 feets)were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using extensile lateral approach,with 25 right feet and 16 left feet and with plate fixation using in 40 cases,single screw fixation using in 1 case.[Result]Evaluated with postoperative plain radiographs,90%(37/41) fracture had anatomic or near anatomic reduction of posterior facet.73%(30/41) Bhler angle above than 20? in 28 cases,32 feets among the patients were followed up at a mean of 14 months(ranged,9 to 24 mouths) and evaluated according to hind foot and ankle score system of AOFAS,average score was 87.The function were satisfactory.It took average 4 month to come back normal action,none of nerves injury,4 patients had wound hematoma.Two cases developed surgical wound edge necrosis and dehiscence among them,who were treated in initial phase in the treat group,the 2 cases were managed with dressing changes and healed in 1 month,whitout skin flaps and grafts.[Conclusion]Open reduction and internal fixation using lateral approach is a better choice to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures,because it can correct directly the pathology of calcaneal fractures.Anatomical reduction of joint congruity and the shape of the calcaneus are important prognostic factors.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV on neurological function and the protein expres -sion of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), Notch1 and NF-κB in acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH) rats.METHODS:ACH model in rats was established via injection of autologous blood , and the rats were divided into 4 groups:sham, ACH, ACH+astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) and ACH+astragaloside IV (200 mg/kg) groups.The impairment of neurological func-tion in each group was graded , and the brain coefficient and water content were calculated .The serum level of NSE was measured by ELISA.Additionally, the expression of Notch1 and NF-κB was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:As-tragaloside IV improved the neurological function and decreased the brain coefficient and water content in ACH rats .Moreo-ver, the ACH-induced increase in NSE was inhibited after astragaloside IV treatment .Similarly, astragaloside IV also sig-nificantly attenuated the expression of Notch 1 and NF-κB in ACH rats.CONCLUSION: Astragaloside IV attenuates the impairment of neurological function in ACH rats , which may be through decreasing the NSE level and down-regulating the expression of Notch1 and NF-κB.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Eczema ; psychology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep ; Treatment Outcome

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Raynaud Disease ; therapy