Brain ; pathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Echoencephalography ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The first permanent molar caries and current status of sealant of 7 - 12-year-old students were surveyed in Huairou district of Beijing.Based on the World Health Organization and national oral health survey standards,cluster and stratified random sampling methods were used.The prevalence rate of deciduous tooth caries was 17.34％ with a decayed/missing/filled teeth (dmft) index of 0.30.The caries rate of females was higher than that of males (20.60％ vs.14.08％ ).The incidence of mandible was higher than that of maxillary.And there was no significant difference around the jaw.The rate of fissure sealant was 51.36％.The current status of first permanent molar caries in this district was in accordance with the characteristics of general epidemiological caries disease.An overall policy of early discovery,early diagnosis and early treatment should be practiced.

Objective To explore the related risk factors for neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.Methods Female Wistar rats of clean grade were divided into three groups :Non diabetic standard diet (NdStd) group (n=10) ,diabetic high fat diet and pain (DbHFP) group (n=10) ,and diabetic high fat diet and no pain (DbHFNP) group (n=10).Body weight ,blood glucose ,TG ,TC ,HDL‐C ,LDL‐C and 50%pain threshold were measured regularly to assess the relationship between blood lipids and pain. Results Non‐conditional logistic regression analysis showed that pain threshold was negatively correlated with TG , LDL‐C and blood glucose(P<0.05) ,and positively correlated with HDL‐C (P<0.05). And there was no association between TC and body weight (P> 0.05). Conclusion Pain threshold of diabetic rats was negatively correlated with TG ,LDL‐C and blood glucose ,and positively correlated with HDL‐C.

Based on the analysis on the present status and importance of medical humanity education for inter-national medical students during the clinical internship, this paper discussed the importance of strengthening medi-cal students′humanistic education during the clinical internship and proposed ways to promote the humanity educa-tion:optimizing the setting of humanity education curriculum and adhering to the humanity education throughout the whole process of clinical internship;improving the clinical supervisors′humanity quality and ensuring the quality of humanity education;holding the orientation of evaluation and adding the humanity quality as one of the evaluation indicators; establishing hospital atmosphere with humanity spirit and highlighting environmental education effect;building theuniversity-intern hospital two-grade platform of humanity education and standardizing the relevant systems.

Objective: To understand the medical staff' cognition of medicalethics.Method: Descriptive study and various analysis were performed. Results: Four aspects including the understanding of hospital Ethic Review Committee, the status of medical ethics education, the understanding of medical ethics in clinic and research, the requirement of medical ethics training were surveyed among the medical staff in five hospitals. Conclusion: The influence of medical ethics in clinical practice and medical research were greatly improved. The hospital Ethic Review Committee should be strengthened and a lot of works was needed for medical ethics education.

Objective To explore the effect of the standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) on extubation time for patients with nasal feeding. Methods One hundred patients with nasal feeding in our department from January 2013 to December 2014 were divided into the observation group and control group randomly with 50 in each group. The control group was treated with education on aspiratioin prevention and the right time for extubation was decided following doctor′s order. SSA was used in the observation group with weekly SSA and swallowing function, then the patients took pertinent functional exercises till a right time for extubation was decided. The two groups were compared in terms of incidences of re-intubation and aspiration pneumonia. Result The observation group had significantly lower incidences of re-intubation and aspiration pneumonia than the control one (P<0.01). Conclusions SSA is used to assess the swallowing function as well as the aspiration risks , which helps patients to take functional exercise and helps nurses to decide the right time for extubation. It can effectively lower the incidences of re-intubation and aspiration pneumonia and improve patients′prognosis.

0.05). Conclusions Transcatheter arterial thermochemoembolization combined with hepatic arterial infusion of Tween-80 is an effective and safe method in treating metastatic hepatic carcinoma.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages between the discussion teaching round model and the traditional round model in the tralning of medical graduate students. Methods 38 and 41 medical graduate students were practicing under the discussion teaching round model and the traditional round model in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012. The questionnalre and the Clinical Skill Test were used to evaluate the teaching effect. The t test group design was used to make comparison between group mean. Results Compared with the traditional round model group, the discussion teaching round model group had higher evaluation to the teaching methods, consciousness of participation, the rounds impressions and clinical thinking cultivation, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The total score of the Clinical Skill Test was higher in the discussion teaching round model group than the traditional round model group[(86.4±4.8) vs (78.2±6.4), P=0.02]. Conclusion The discussion teaching round model can improve the quality of clinical practice and is an effective method for the education in medical graduate students.

Objective To investigate the physical and mechanical properties of home-made bone cement mixed with different antibiotics.Methods The specimens of bone cement each of 40g were divid-ed in to6groups depending on mixed antibiotics,groupⅠmixed with1g gentamicin,groupⅡwith2g gen tam icin,groupⅢwith1g cephradine,groupⅣwith1.5g cefuroxine,groupⅤwith1g ceftriaxone and groupⅥwith out any antibiotics served as control.The dough time,compressing depth,compressive strength,bending strength and bending elastic modulus were measured respectively,elution examination of antibiotics from bone ce ment was performed by chromatography.Results The dough time and compress-ing depth of the groups were better than that of ISO5833standard,and there was no significant difference a-mong the groups.The com pressive strength and bending strength of the groupⅡwere lower than that ISO5833standard,but there was no significant difference among the groups by analysis of variance.The bending elastic modulus of the groupⅡwas lower than the control group and other groups(P

Objective To investigate the changes of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene ?(GADD45?)expression during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and analyze the regulative role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) on GADD45? gene expression in matured 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in vitro and differentiated into the matured adipocytes.TNF-? in different concentrations(0.1,1.0,10.0 ?g/L) was added into the culture medium of fully differentiated adipocytes(day 10) for various times(0.5,2,6,12,24 h).The levels of GADD45? gene mRNA expression were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results With the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes being differentiated into the matured adipocytes,the level of GADD45? gene mRNA expression was downregulated and reached the lower level in fully differentiated adipocytes.There was a significant difference between any 2 detected phases in the levels of GADD45? gene mRNA expression(P0.05).Treatment of day 10(3T3-L1) adipocytes with TNF-? of different concentrations resulted in a significant increase in the level of GADD45? gene mRNA expression.The induction effect of TNF? on GADD45? gene mRNA expression generally tended to be reinforced with the elongation of time course.Conclusions GADD45? gene may be involved in adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.TNF-? can upregulate the mRNA expression of GADD45? gene in matured adipocytes.The induction effect of TNF-? on GADD45? gene expression is generally(time-)correlated.