Objective To observe the anal exhaust effect in patients treated with warm water foot bath after laparoscopic surgery.Methods 90 cases after laparoscopic surgery including renal cancer , renal cysts, epinephrine-tumor patients were randomly divided into A , B and C group.Nursing measures were given at 6 hours after operation. A group were treated with warm water feet bath ; B group received abdominal ring massage ; And C group were control group.Time of anal exhaust postoperatively was observed among the 3 groups.Results Anal exhaust time after oper-ation in A group was average (24.34 ±0.28) hours, which was significantly shorter than in B group (33.07 ±0.18) h and C group (37.90 ±0.19) h (p <0.01).Conclusion Warm water foot bath can promote the anal exsufflation rapidly, effectively after laparoscopic surgery in Urology patients , and has great significance helpful to early recovery .

Objective To investigate the plasma levels of glutamate (Glu) andγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Par?kinson’s disease patients with depression (PDD) and their clinical significance. Methods Plasma levels of Glu and GA?BA were measured in 88 PD patients including 43 PDD patients and 45 PD patients without depression, and 68 healthy controls by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-RF). Depression was assessed in enrolled subjects by using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The plasma levels of Glu and GABA were compared among different groups and their associations with HAMD scores were subsequently evaluated by correlation analysis. Results The plas?ma levels of Glu and GABA were significantly lower in PD group(49.81±22.79,249.17±62.57)than in normal control group(149.59±50.08,276.66±85.43)(all P<0.05). In addition, PD patients with depression exhibited significantly low?er plasma levels of Glu and GABA(40.34±15.77 and 233.63±53.56)compared to PD patients without depression(58.86± 24.87 and 264.02±67.39)and healthy controls (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that HAMD scores were nega?tively associated with plasma levels of Glu ( r=-0.366,P=0.000 ) and GABA ( r=-0.217,P=0.043 ). Conclusion The decrease in plasma levels of Glu and GABA may be implicated in the pathogenesis of depression in PD patients.

The paper introduces an overview of Shanghai medical security system, analyzes its effectiveness and challenges, and put forward overall goals and key tasks in the future. Shanghai has formed a multiple, medical security system and basically achieved the short-term goal of medical security system establishment which was requested to put forward in national health system reform. Shanghai medical insurance system has played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and reducing the burden of medical expenses. To further implement requirements of national health system reform, Shanghai will be conducting the integration of different schemes , narrow down the gap of benefit packages, improvement of health care management and the initiatives of nursing care insurance to further improve the medical security system, and strive to cover 98% of household population and 90% resident population in 2012.

Objective: To construct the eurokaryotic expression vector of KCNE1 gene and express recombinant KCNE1 in HEK293 cells.Methods:Human KCNE1 gene fragment was amplified from human placenta total RNA by RT-PCR and cloned into the vector of pCR2.1 TOPO by means of T-A cloning.KCNE1 cDNA was obtained from pCR2.1-KCNE1 by restriction enzyme digestion and inserted into the same restriction site of pEGFP-N1.Thus pEGFP-N1-KCNE1 was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells with Effectene transfection reagent.Results:The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-KCNE1 was successfully constructed by gene cloning and recombinant method and expressed in HEK293 cells.Conclusion:The cloning of KCNE1 gene and the construction and expression of its eukaryotic expression vector may shed some light on further functional study of KCNE1 gene.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the materials used in clinical practice to repair cruciate ligament of knee joint contain auto-graft bone- mid 1/3 patella tendon-bone (B-T-B), auto-semitendinous muscle, gracilis muscle and allogenic tissue graft. All of them are limited to a certain degree in clinical application. Therefore, people hope to consistently develop artificial ligaments to take the place of auto- and allografts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility to construct artificial biological ligament (ABL) by applying a novel biochemical technique using porcine tendon as the raw material. DESIGN: Research of new biological material. SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. MATERIALS: Adult pigs of either gender were provided by the Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, S-520) was provided by Hitachi, Japan, and micro-controlled electron tension-testing device (Model LWK-10B) by Guangzhou Experimental Devices Factory. METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2004 to June 2005. ABL was established by means of treating porcine tendon with epoxy cross-linking fixation, diversified antigen minimization process, mechanic enhancement modification and surface activating process. Under aseptic condition, a 6-month-old goat's bone marrow was abstracted, and then the bone marrow matrix stem cells were cultured in ABL stent for 3 weeks. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe structure and compatibility of artificial ligament, and mechanics test was used to analyze biomechanics characteristics of ABL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Structural features, cell compatibility and biomechanics characteristics of ABL.RESULTS: ① Structural features of ABL: The appearance of ABL was similar to that of the normal human ligament. Histological examination showed that the ABL was collagen fibers with no cells. Electron microscope examination revealed that the ABL was composed of hair-looking and fiber-like objects running uniformly in a certain direction and closely parallel-arranged. ② Cell compatibility: Three weeks after xenogenic marrow matrix cells were cultured on the surface of the ABL, it was noted that cells adhered and the matrix secreted by the cells precipitated around the cells. There were no cells found inside the ABL. ③ Mechanical strength of the ligament: The average diameter of ABL was 5 mm and the mechanical test at a speed of 100 mm/min showed that its averaged tensile limit was 927.19 N and the tension-resistant strength was 47.22 N/mm those were close to the corresponding parameters of the normal goat's ACL. The normal goat's ACL was 5 mm. The greatest tensile load was 807.50 N and the tension-resistant strength was 41.13 N/mm.CONCLUSION:As we used the unique biochemical technique and minimized the xenogenic protein immunogenicity of the porcine tendon, ABL has acceptable biomechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. As a substitute of the ligament in the reconstruction of the ACL, ABL has a promising prospect in clinical applications.

Objective To determine the prognosis and staging non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that extends across the fissure into adjacent lobe after surgery.Methods 3752 patients with histopathologically confirmed non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received surgical reeessetion from January,1997 to April,2007.Among them,163 patients have a tumor invasion beyond fissure.After matching by pathologic TNM staging (7th),326 patients whose tumor defined in a single lobe were eligible for analysis.Results Histopatholngic staging of matched patients was I a:10 patiens(6.1％ ),I b:79 patients (48.5％),Ⅱa:5 patients (3.1％ ),111:44 patients (27.0％) and Ⅲa:25 patients( 15.3％ ).5 years survival in patients with stage 1 tumors crossing the interlobar fissure was 51％,while in patients not cross the interlobar fissure was 63％ ( P ＜0.05 ).There was no difference in survival for tumors stage Ⅱa and above with regard to importance of interlobar extension.The T2 tumor extending across a lung fissure had a reduction in survival compared with T2 tumor not cross the lung fissure and similar to the T3 tumor without the fissure invasion.Conclusion Our results suggest that TNM staging should be modified for tumor extends the fissure into adjacent lobe.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the facial aging analysis of 1200 Han adult people in Dalian with iris diameter, so as to provide reference for facial rejuvenation in Han people.

METHODS1200 facial digital photographs from the second-generation ID card of China were stratified randomly selected as the research sample, excluding facial deformity, tattooing eyebrow, tattooing lid margin, ptosis, lip grain and eyebrow deformity cases, as well as the cases whose join point of upper eyelid and lower eyelid not exposed at the nasal side. These photos were divided into six cohorts: female aged 18, 38, and 68 years old; and male aged 18, 38, and 68 years old, with 200 cases in each cohort. The individual iris diameter was divided into 20 equal parts in each photograph, with each part marked one unit as individual iris diameter ruler. Ten values were made from a horizontal plane between the medial canthus to ten points at one face ( the line between two medial canthus is used as the horizontal line, circumocular and facial soft tissue were measured with individual iris diameter ruler on the photographs), then the results were analyzed with Adobe Photoshop software.

RESULTSThere are statistically significant differences in eyebrow height (36.42 ± 4.22 unit in 18 years old male group, 40.22 ± 6.90 unit in 38 years old male group, 34.83 ± 9.39 unit in 68 years old male group; 37.59 ± 6.72 unit in 18 years old female group, 41.09 ± 5.15 unit in 38 years old female group, 36.84 ± 9.45 unit in 68 years old female group), palpebral fissure height, physiognomic external canthus height, palpebral fissure width, pupil height and other items (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS(1) The brow position rises to the peak level at middle age (38 years old group), then drops down gradually with aging. (2) The physiognomic external canthus moves towards the nasal side and caudal side with aging. (3) Eyeball moves towards caudal side with aging. (4) The soft tissue around bilateral angle of mouth, nasal tip and submaxilla moves towards caudal side with aging. (5) The measurement of individual iris diameter ruler can apply to analyze the aging changes of facial soft tissue, and is more suitable for the case when facial photographs are taken at different distances.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aging ; China ; ethnology ; Cohort Studies ; Eye ; anatomy & histology ; Eyebrows ; anatomy & histology ; Face ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Iris ; anatomy & histology ; Lip ; anatomy & histology ; Male ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Photography ; Rejuvenation ; Sex Factors

Scientific and rigorous selection of theories,models or frameworks is the premise of high-quality nursing research.This work introduces the development process,basic information,application in nursing of T-CaST(Theory Comparison and Selection Tool,T-CaST),and shows the specific application process of this tool through examples,to provide evaluation methods for nursing scholars to choose appropriate guiding theories in the research process,and has guiding significance for developing high-quality nursing research under the guidance of theories,models or frameworks.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of embolization of inferior phrenic artery as nonbronchial systemic artery(NBSA) for hemoptysis.Methods Imaging and clinical data of 1 1 patients with inferior phrenic artery as NBSA were analyzed retrospectively, and complications and hemoptysis recurrence rate were recorded.Results Seven patients underwent enhanced CT examination and 4 patients underwent plain CT examination before embolization.Six of those patients who underwent enhanced CT examination were found abnormal arteries,and were confirmed as NBSA by angiography.The other 5 patients were found unmatch of lesion distribution and bronchial arteries during procedure,and inferior phrenic artery as NBSA were found by expanding angiography.All procedure were successfully performed,3 cases occurred hiccup and need not treatment.No serious complications occurred,such as incontinence and paraplegia.During (1 8.7 ± 1 3.8)months follow-up,only 1 patient recurrence of hemoptysis,and successful after conservative treatment,and the other 10 patients had no recurrence of hemoptysis.Conclusion The inferior phrenic artery as NBSA can induce hemoptysis.It is safe to embolization of the inferior phrenic artery,which can reduce the recurrent rate of hemoptysis.

Objective:To investigate the status quo of multi-level pre-job training for clinical nursing teachers and analyze their training needs, so as to provide reference for the design of pre-job training for clinical nursing teachers.Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate 172 clinical nursing teachers in a tertiary general hospital in Harbin from April 2020 to June 2020 with multi-level pre-job training mode. The status quo of pre-job training and the training needs of teachers were analyzed. SPSS 17.0 was used to process the original data statistically.Results:Among the 172 respondents, 138 teachers (80.2%) were under 35 years old, and 133 teachers (77.3%) had a bachelor's degree or less; 89 teachers (51.7%) confirmed that hospitals or departments would carry out pre-job training in a planned and organized way, 10 teachers (5.8%) said that hospitals or departments had never organized training, 41 teachers (23.8%) had never participated in pre-job training, and 80 teachers (46.5%) had participated in pre-job training 1-3 times. There were 5 duplicates in the first 8 training contents of in-hospital training and in-department training, including knowledge of common diseases, nursing procedures, communication skills, hospital rules and regulations, and teaching methods. The total score of training demand was (154.51± 40.35) points, and the overall demand rate was 81.3%, which was at the high level. The dimensions with the highest scoring rate were legal system and humanistic literacy, with a scoring rate of 83.0%. The dimension with the lowest score was teaching management, with a score of 74.9%. The scoring rate of training needs with the highest points won nine items respectively on students' basic quality (self-supervision, willingness to learn, professional quality, etc.) (84.7%), training of legal knowledge (84.4%), incompatibility of drugs commonly used in department (84.3%), nurse etiquette (83.3%), nursing risk prevention (83.1%), evaluation methods of student education (83.1%), nurse-patient communication skills (83.0%), nurses and patients medication observation points of commonly used drugs in the department (83.0%), and effects of commonly used drugs in department (82.9%). Among the top three training forms, 84 students (48.8%) received online learning, 74 students (43.0%) received lectures from experienced teachers in hospitals, and 72 students (41.9%) received experience exchange and sharing seminars.Conclusion:The talent structure of clinical nursing teachers in this hospital is relatively young, and the first education level is low. Therefore, the pre-job training of clinical nursing teachers should be strengthened vigorously. The awareness rate and participation rate of pre-job training are average, so we should strengthen the release of training information from various channels, improve the awareness rate of training activities, clarify the encouragement or reward measures to participate in pre-job training activities, and improve the participation rate of training activities. Pre-job training content is repeated at every level, with a gap between the training needs of teachers in clinical nursing teaching. It's suggested that the teaching hospitals combine with their training objects of training needs, take the online-offline mixed mode of training, reasonably plan training contents as a whole at all levels, avoid training content repetition and waste of teachers, and organize teachers to timely exchange and share experiences.