An experimental model of isolated rabbit working hearts was used to investigate whether supplementing cardioplegic solution with oxygen free radical scavengers exerts protective effect on ischemic and reperfusad heart.Animal hearts wero randomly divided into two groups : simple cardioplegic solution was used in the control group ; cardioplegic solution was supplemented with superoxide dismutase plus catalase in the experimental group.Following 120 min of ischemic arrest and 30 min of reperfusion, recoveries of LVPSP, LVEDP, LV + dp/dt max and LV-dp/dt max, expressed as percentage of preischemic control valu-S, and tissue ATP contjnt w-r significantly better (P

FOXP3,a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family,exerts its immunosupression effect by regulating the development,differentiation and maturation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg).Treg plays an important role in immune escape mechanism in oncology research.This article reviews the expression of FOXP3 in various types of tumors and its role in tumor immunology and immunotherapy.

Chest wall resection and reconstruction remains a severe challenge for reconstructive surgeons,which often leads to conservative treatment regimens in clinical practice,consequently resulting in poor outcomes(high morbidity and mortality).In recent 20 years,advances in muscle flap surgery and availability of chest reconstructive prosthesis have encouraged the surgeons to take an active attitude toward chest wall resection;many "unresectable" lesions now have a chance to be resected and cured.This article reviews the problems concerning the principles for chest wall resection,reconstruction,prosthesis selection,etc.in chest wall reconstruction.

Traditional operation for esophageal cancer includes esophagectomy and digestive tract reconstruction,which is associated with more postoperative complications and high mortalities due to severe trauma.Endoscopic surgery(including thoracoscope,mediastinoscope,and laparoscope) for radical resection of esophageal cancer has mild operative trauma,less bleeding and mild postoperative pain,resulting in less postoperative complications and low mortalities.This article analyzes the current status of endoscopic surgery in radical operation of esophageal cancer and the existing problems,providing reference for the development of minimally invasive surgery of esophageal cancer.

Respiratory support is the treatment of respiratory diseases.Currently, the commonly used methods of respiratory support include nasal catheter oxygen or mask oxygen, noninvasive and invasive ventilation, etc.High flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) is a new kind of therapy, which was commonly used in preterm infants as the instead of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, in recent years, HFNC is more commonly used in children′s intensive care unit and general wards.In this paper, the efficacy and safety of HFNC in pediatric are reviewed.

The non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation(NPPV) play an important role in treating patient with upper airway obstructive diseases.The use of NPPV in children has significantly increased in recent years internationally.Nevertheless,the paediatric NPPV support in China was less reported.This review aimed to clarify the indications,efficacy and technical methods in NPPV,and therefore searched papers including clinical studies,reviews and guidelines focusing on children with upper airway obstructive diseases who were treated on NPPV.The review concluded that NPPV is a treatment choice for patient who has upper airway obstruction and can not be solved by surgery.The NPPV avoids the impairment to the body caused by recurrent hypoxemia and arousals,decreases the rate of intubation and improves the quality of life.NPPV need to be preformed in a professional children's medical center.Education and training for the parent is the key point of improving treatment compliance.

Objective To investigate the neurotoxicity of intrathecal (IT) doxepin in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g in which intrathecal micro-catheter was successfully implanted without complications were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =6 each):control group ( group N ) and 3 doxepin groups receiving IT doxepin 40,20 and 10 mmol/L 0.2 μl/g respectively (groups D40,D20,D10 ).In N group normal saline was injected IT instead of doxepin.The animals were killed at 6 h after IT administration.The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for microscopic examination and determination of myelin basic protein (MBP) content in the spinal cord using a double-antibody sandwich (ELISA).Results The severity of neuronal damage and decrease in MBP content in the spinal cord induced by IT doxepin were dose-dependent.Conclusion The neurotoxicity induced by IT doxepin is dose-dependent.

Objective: To determine the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in the patients with esophageal carcinoma and its clinic significance. Methods: The expression of FasL was measured by immunohistochemical technique in 30 patients with esophageal cancer. The numbers of tumor infiltrationg (TIL) were accounted by immunohistochemically stained CD45. Results: 76.6% of specimen expressed FasL. The difference of FasL expression was significant between each TNM stage. There was a negative correlation between the number of TIL and the expression of FasL. Conclusion: The expression of FasL in esophageal carcinoma may correlate with its invasion and metastasis.

Objective:To observe the pulmonary apoptosis resulted from ischemia reperfusion lung injury in rats. Methods: Forty male SD rats, weighing 300 350 g,were randomly divided into 8 groups: 6 ischemia reperfusion group,simple ischemia group and control group( n =5).An in situ ischemia reperfusion lung injury rat model was established. Apoptotic cells were detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediate dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique and the apoptotic DNA fragments by pulmonary DNA electrophoresis. Electron microscopy was performed to verify the morphologic changes of apoptosis. Results: Obvious apoptosis of pneumocytes occurred early after(30 min) ischemia reperfusion lung injury, with the peak on 2 h after reperfusion, and there were no significant differences 12 h after reperfusion compared with control group. There was a slight but no statistically significant elevation of apoptotic pneumocytes number in simple ischemia group compared with controls. Conclusion: The result indicates that apoptosis may contribute significantly to ischemia reperfusion lung injury.

Objective To design and prepare a new prosthesis of chest wall by selecting and integrating the appropriate biodegradable materials,and to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the prepared prosthesis in order to explore the feasibility of reconstruction of an extensive chest wall defect.Methods Three types of chest wall prostheses,polydioxanone(PDO)mesh,chitin fiber reinforced polycaprolactone(CFRP)plate and CFRP strip,were designed and prepared to fulfill the function of chest wall.A canine model of the chest wall resection and reconstruction was reproduced to evaluate these porstheses.15 adult mongrel dogs were subjected to extensive resection of anterior-lateral chest wall and reconstruction with chest wall prosthesis.Chest wall stability,the degradative process of the prosthetic materials and regeneration of the chest wall tissue postoperatively were recorded dynamically by macroscopic inspection and histopathologic examinations,so as to provide valuable scientific data for improving chest wall prosthesis.Results The implanted PDO mesh was well integrated with autogenous connective tissue 8 weeks after operation,degraded gradually and reabsorbed completely within 24 weeks.It provided adequate support to the chest wall and achieved satisfy cosmetic and functional repair.CFRP plate was the best in chest wall stabilization among the three groups,and paradoxical respiratory movement was efficiently relieved with CFRP rib,and it had a better biological compatibility.There was no obvious morphological change in the CFRP material after it was implanted for 24 weeks.Conclusion The synthetic prostheses developed here showed excellent biocompatibility,and they fulfilled the function in providing chest wall stabilization.Each prosthesis has its respective favorable properties in chest wall reconstruction,and all of them are valuable in clinic application in the management of complicated chest wall defects.