Objective To assess the effect of dilute pituitrin solution (0.05 U/ml) on blood loss and distention fluid intravasation during hysteroscopy. Methods From January 2003 to June 2004, 68 women with abnormal uterine hemorrhage undergoing hysteroscopic endometrial resection were randomly divided into treatment and control groups (34 cases in each). In the treatment group, dilute pituitrin solution (0.05 U/ml) was injected into the cervix before dilation of the cervix in preparation for hysteroscopy, while the patients in the control received no pituitrin injection. Results The mean operation time in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control [(32.2?6.0) min vs (35.9?6.8) min; t=-2.379, P=0.020]. The amount of distention fluid infusion in the treatment group was significantly less than that of the control [(2982.1?880.5) ml vs (3461.2?795.8) ml; t=-2.354, P=0.022]. The volume of distention fluid intravasation in the treatment group was significantly less than that of the control [(225.3?81.1) ml vs (319.4?89.2) ml; t=-4.551, P=0.000]. The rate of fluid intravasation was (7.5?1.1)% in the treatment group that was significantly lower than that in the control [(9.2?1.1)%, t=-6.372, P=0.000]. The mean blood loss in the treatment group was significantly less than that of the control [(15.1?4.1) ml vs (24.7?6.6) ml; t=-7.204, P=0.000]. Conclusions Intraoperative administration of dilute pituitrin solution can reduce blood loss, operation time, and the amount of distention fluid infusion and intravasation. As a result, it is useful to avoid post-hysteroscopy complications including TURP syndrome.

Objective To investigate the changes of vital signs and cerebral blood flow after sport in hyperthermal and heavy humid environment; and to investigate the effect of Urapidil on these changes. Methods 90 soldiers were divided into three groups: new soldiers group, new soldiers taking Urapidil group and veterans group(as group A,B,C). Their vital signs and cerebral blood flow were measured at quiescent condition in normal temperature and after their running for 3000m within 20 minutes in hyperthermal and heavy humid environment. Results Little difference was found among the three groups at guiescent condition in normal temperature. Whereas after exercise, there was significant elevation in body temperature, pulse, systolic pressure and cerebral blood velocity. On the other hand, a little decline in diastolic pressure was showed, but no obvious changes in pulsatility index(PI) following the exercise. Compared with group A, the average body temperature in group B was lower. The cerebral blood velocity in group C was faster and the PI showed lower. Conclusion Sport in hyperthermal and heavy humid environment could significantly affect vital signs and cerebral blood flow of human. The veterans had acquired better heat adaptation than the new soldiers. Urapidil played an important role in pharmacological hypothermia.

Ambulance is a kind of new medical technique vehicle along with the development of medical science.Many countries are developing new ambulances in order to satisfy the demand of the emergency highway accident rescue.The GPS communication system and the vehicular medical power design are the most important parts of the ambulances for their complicated technology.This article discusses these two problems.

Objective To approach the feasibility of transfecting the DNA plasmid of encoding red fluorescent protein directly into the nucleus of rabbit primary bone marrow stromal cell with recently developed nucleofection technique. Methods Rabbit primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were harvested by means of density gradient centrifugation following a thighbone puncture. The primary BMSCs were cultured and either transfected to pDsRed1-N1 by nucleofectorTM technique (as DsRed group) or left uninfected(as control group) in vitro. The cellular viability, adhesive rate, the growth curves and the efficiency of transfection of both DsRed and control groups were analyzed. Result DsRed were successfully expressed at 48h after nucleofection. Similar morphology evolvement, adhesive rates and growth curves were obtained from the two groups. The positive DsRed expression enhanced gradually alone with a prolonged culturing time, and reached its peak value at the 10th day after marked, with about 54.2% of DsRed-positive cells in the total BMSCs. The DsRed did not attenuate even until 1 month following the mark. Conclusion Neuclofection of pDsRed1-N1 showed no significant effect on the proliferation of rabbit BMSCs. DsRed worked efficiently for the purpose of stable gene marking of rabbit BMSCs, and nucleofection is an efficient method for transferring genes into primary rabbit BMSCs.

The quality control methods are the important to improve the exactness of diagnses and the effectivity of treatment.X-ray imaging quality is an important factor in improving the X-ray diagnosis effect.To serve this purpose,medical engineering personnel should do the X-ray quality control regularly to keep every parameter in accordance with national standards and demands.The quality control methods for several important indexes of X-ray generators are also discussed.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):99-101]

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of fiberoptic ductoscopy-guided intraductal biopsy in diagnosing nipple discharge.Methods From May 2006 to April 2007,screening fiberoptic ductoscopy was performed for intraductal papillary lesions in 53 ducts among 51 patients.Fiberoptic ductoscopy-guided intraductal biopsy was carried out followed by open microdochectomy. Results Except for a failure in 5 ducts,biopsy found papilloma in 29 cases,ductal hyperplasia in 15 cases,severe ductal hyperplasia in 2 and carcinoma in 2.Microdochectomy revealed 43 benign diseases (12 solitary intraductal papillomas,12 multiple intraductal papillomas,and 25 ductal hyperplasia)and 4 malignancies (3 ductal carcinoma in situ,1 invasive ductal carcinoma).Surgeries performed for the 5 ducts failing a biopsy attempt revealed papilloma in one and adenosis in 4.Compared with conventional microdochectomy,fiberoptic ductoscopy-guided intraductal biopsy can significantly increase the detection rate of solitary papilloma(40.7% vs. 92.6%,P＜0.05).It might also underestimate multiple intraductal papilloma and breast cancer. Conclusion Fiberoptic ductoscopy-guided intraductal biopsy is microinvasive,safe,convenient with a high success rate,and could be as a routine procedure after intraductal lesion found by screening fiberoptic ductoscopy.

Objective:To explore the alteration of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and the influ‐ence of irbesartan on it in hippocampus of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) knock‐out (KO) mice . Meth‐ods:The 10~11‐week ACE2 KO (Ace2/y ) mice received daily treatment with angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker irbesartan (50 mg/kg) or placebo for two weeks. The wild‐type mice (WT ,Ace2+ /y ) were regarded as normal control. Western blotting method was used to measure levels of BDNF and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the mice hippocampus. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma Ang level in mice . Results :Compared with normal WT control mice ,there were significant down‐regulations of BDNF protein expres‐sion [ (1 ± 0.16) vs .(0.54 ± 0.16)] in hippocampus and plasma Ang‐ (1‐7) level [ (55.6 ± 7.5) pg/ml vs .(42.8 ± 5.8) pg/ml] ,and significant rise in ERK1/2 phosphorylation [ (1 ± 0.28) vs .(1.79 ± 0.29)] in ACE2 KO mice (P<0.01 all). After irbesartan treatment ,there were significant rise in BDNF protein expression (0.88 ± 0.13) in hippocampus and plasma Ang‐ (1‐7) level [(59.4 ± 8.4) pg/ml] ,and significant reduction in ERK1/2 phosphoryla‐tion level (1.33 ± 0.19) in ACE2 KO mice (P<0.05 or <0.01) .Conclusion:There are BDNF protein expression down‐regulation and enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in hippocampus of ACE2 KO mice. AT1 receptor blockade irbesartan can improve Ang‐ (1‐7 ) level and hippocampus BDNF expression , while reducing hippocampus ERK phosphorylation signal in ACE2 KO mice ,suggesting that AT1 receptor blockade possesses certain brain protective effect.

BACKGROUND: Since there are only cell axons of neurons in peripheral cells, the study on neural stem cells (NSCs) is almost focused on neuronal cells, for which, the study on repair of peripheral nerve may be based on some experiences in NSCs.OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair of peripheral nerve after graft of autologus bone marrow derived NSCs in the injured area. To observe whether the grafted NSCs were survived and migrated in spinal cord as differentiated neurons in the injured area of peripheral nerve or not.DESIGN: Observed controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Institute of Neurological Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityMATERIALS: Eight New Zealand big white rabbits were employed, of clean grade, mass weighted varied from 1.5 to 2.5 kg and of either sex.METHODS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Neurological Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University collected from New Zealand big white rabbits for culture and differentiation was prepared. Sciatic neural injured area of one side was randomized as graft side. Physiological saline, collagen matrix and cellular embedding solution were infused up to 0.01 mL (containing stem cells 1×1010L-1). Another side was taken as the control, in which, collagen matrix suspension 0.01 mL was infused. Peffusion and fixation were followed 3 months after graft and auto-graft was performed in the injured peripheral nerve. The materials were collected for observation from graft area, spinal cord area, injured area on the opposite side and normal neural area.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of nerve fibers and neuronal cells in NSC graft area, spinal cord area and non-graft area on opposite injury side.RESULTS: The density and continuity of nerve fibers grown in graft area were higher remarkably than non-graft area on opposite side and more Schwann cells were seen under optic microscope. With amplified ×400 visual field, Ranvier's node of spinal nerve fiber was visible. In addition,mucous matrix and few fibroblasts were seen also in the space of nerve fibers. The survived neuronal cells were no visible in graft area, spinal cord area and non-graft area of sciatic injury on the opposite side.CONCLUSION: Graft of autologus bone-marrow derived neural stem cells in defect area of peripheral area benefits repair of nerve fibers. But the neural stem cells cannot survive as neurons in graft area of peripheral nerve, spinal cord area and the defect control on the opposite side.

Background To provide clinical evidence for ablative application by comparison of the analgesic effect following different thalamotomy in rats.Methods Thirty rats were randomly assigned into sham and 4 thalamotomies groups: central medial thalamic nucleus ( CM), parafascicular thalamic nucleus ( PF), ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL), and CM +Cigulum (cg). Two μL 10% phenol dissolved in glycerin were used for stereotactic thalamotomy. The thermal pain thresholds before and after procedures were evaluated with the tail stimulate test. The formalin test was carried out in an open field apparatus where the animal formalin-induced responses (licking duration, flexing duration, and flinching frequency of the injected paw) were recorded for 60 min.Results Changes of pain thresholds in all ablative groups were significantly higher than that in the sham group, especially it was higher in VPL group. Differences of the factor thalamotomy were found to be due to the shorter licking in the ablative groups than that in the sham group (P ＜0.01 ), whereas flexing duration and flinching frequency were only slightly affected by thalamotomy. Moreover, licking duration was lower in VPL group than in CM and CM + cg groups ( P ＜0.05), whereas nociceptive responses did not differ between the CM and CM+cg groups (P ＞0.05).Conclusions In acute period, CM, PF, VPL, CM + cg neurolysis all showed to elevate the thermal pain threshold and to reduce the pain-induced behavioral responses related to supraspinal neural circuits (licking of the injected paw). Among them, the damage of VPL might be the most active one. CM + cg damage did not get better antinociceptive effect than single CM ablation.

To observe the effects of emodin ( Emo) on acute fatty liver in mice induced by DL-ethionine ( DL-Eth) or tetracyclin ( Tetra) and its potential mechanism, ICR mice of acute fatty liver model induced by DL-Eth were orally administered with Emo or positive control, ursodeoxycholic acid ( UDCA) for 7 days. On day 7, except that the control and Emo groups were treated with vehicle control, animals were orally administered with DL-Eth to induce acute fatty liver model. ICR mice of acute fatty liver model induced by Tetra were orally administered with Emo or positive control, Dong Bao Gan Tai ( DB) or total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extract ( AME) for 7 days. From day 4, except that the control group was treated with vehicle control, animals were injec-ted with Tetra intraperitoneally for 4 days to induce acute fatty liver model. Liver histopathological analyses were determined by HE staining. Serum aspartate transaminase ( AST) , alanine transaminase ( ALT) , serum triglyceride ( TG) , hepatic TG and hepatic total cholesteol ( TC) were detected. The expression of phosphorylated AMP-activa-ted kinase ( p-AMPK) , phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase ( p-ACC) , SREBP1 and fatty acid synthase ( FAS) were determined by Western blot. The expression of fatty acid translocase ( CD36 ) , peroxisome proliferator activa-ted receptor alpha ( PPARα) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein ( MTTP ) in liver were determined by RT-PCR. Compared with model groups, Emo could improve hepatocyte swelling and hepatic steatosis induced by DL-Eth or Tetra. Serum AST, ALT, serum TG, hepatic TG and hepatic TC were decreased by Emo significantly. DL-Eth-induced increase of fatty acid synthetase-associated protein was down-regulated by Emo. Fatty acid uptake was down-regulated by Emo; fatty acid oxidation and secretion were increased by Emo. Emo might be effective in preventing acute fatty liver in mice induced by DL-Eth or Tetra.