Objective Clinical reports on perilymphatic fistulae(PLF) of the round window membrane(RWM) have shown different degrees of hearing loss. For the unknown mechanisms of hearing loss, the morphological changes of cochlea with perilymphatic fistulae(PLF) was studied.Methods Among 10 guinea pigs, each ear on one side was punctured and the ear of another side was used as control. 4 hours after operation, the morphological changes of cochlea were observed.Results It was found that 2 ears with endolymphatic hydrops, 1 ear with strica vascularis stripped, venous hyperemia and hemorrhage in cochlea, 7 ears with no changes.Conclusion The study suggestes that the normal and the abnormal morphological changes of cochlea can all be seen after the rupture of RWM.

Objective To understand antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae strains and distribution charac-teristics of carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)in Xijing Hospital in 2015,so as to provide basis for rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinic. Methods Specimens from infected inpatients and outpatients in Xijing Hospital in January-December 2015 were performed pathogenic culture,isolation and identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with Kirby-Bauer method,carbapenemase confirmatory test was conducted with modified Hodge test,antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 4166 pathogenic strains were isolated in 2015,1554 (37.30% )of which were Enterobacteriaceae strains,the top 5 isolated pathogens were Escherichiacoli(E. coli),Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae),Enterobactercloacae (E. cloacae),Proteusmirabilis,and Enterobacteraerogenes. Of 787 E. coli strains,581(73.82% )were extend-ed-spectrumβ-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing strains;of 367 K. pneumoniae strains,182 (49.59% )were ESBLs-producing strains. E. coli and K. pneumoniae had the highest resistance rates to cefazolin,which were 93.14% and 78.48% respectively. A total of 81 (5.21% )CRE were detected,K. pneumoniae,E. cloacae,and E. coli were 41 ,27,and 13 strains respectively;strains were mainly isolated from patients in departments of neurosurgery(n=42),gastroenterology(n= 9),and neurology(n= 8). 1.02% (8/787)of E. coli and 3.27% (12/367)of K. pneu-moniae were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion Enterobacteriaceae accounted for a higher proportion of pathogenic bacteria causing HAI,the detection rate of ESBLs-producing strains remains high,the isolation rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is higher than that of last year,especially K. pneumoniae.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance status quo of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbap-enemase gene carrying in Xi′an area for guiding the clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs.Methods 151 strains of imipenem-re-sistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples in 4 hospitals from August 2012 to July 2013 were continuously col-lected.Then the drug resistance characteristics of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by the antimicrobi-al drug sensitivity test.The PCR technique was adopted to detect the carrying situation of carbapenemase drug-resistance genes in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results Totally isolated 151 strains of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were mainly distributed in the neurosurgery ICU (37.1%),neurology ICU (27.1%)and the burn department (19.9%);the detec-ted strains were sensitive to polymyxin B and resistant to other 9 kinds of antibacterial drugs in different degrees;94 strains carried VIM gene,32 strains carried IMP gene,5 strains carried SPM gene and 3 strains carried SIM gene.Conclusion The multidrug re-sistance and pan-drug resistance phenomenon of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is serious,its cause might be related with the carbapenemases-producing drug resistant gene expression,the drug resistance genes are dominated by VIM and IMP.Clinic should strengthen the bacterial drug resistance monitoring and use antibacterial drugs rationally and effectively for preventing the spreading of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective:To detect the influence of the early Class Ⅲ orthopedic treatment on the development of the maxillary.Methods:Four adolescence rhesus monkeys were fitted with casting Twin-block magnetic appliance(TMA),two were put to death after 1.5 months and another two after 3 months,zygomaticofrontal sutures were harvested,and performed histological examination using optical and electron microscope.Another two monkeys without appliance were served as control.Results:The maxillary sutures were rebuilt,after Class Ⅲ functional orthopedic,and the zygomaticomaxillary suture,zygomaticotemporal suture and transverse palatine suture were especially active.Electron microscopy results showed that osteoblasts and fibroblasts were active,and fibroblasts showed more active effects.Conclusion:During the treatment of the Class III functional orthopedics,maxillary sutures take part in the rebuilding actively,and there are lots of new bone formation along the sutures.

Objective To screen the down-regulated genes in HepG2 cells transfected by pcDNA3.1(-)-IFN-? to further investigate the biological mechanism of IFN-?. Methods pcDNA3.1(-)-IFN-? was transfected into HepG2 cells as treatment group and the pcDNA3.1(-) transfected cells as the control to perform suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). The subtractive library for down-regulated genes was obtained when pcDNA3.1(-) transfected HepG2 as tester and pcDNA3.1(-)-IFN-? transfected cells as driver. A housekeeping gene, G3PDH, was used to estimate the subtractive efficiency. Genes with lower expressions in IFN-? transfected HepG2 cells were obtained from the library after being randomly sequenced and analyzed. Among the obtained genes, regulation of IFN-? on heat shock 90kD (Hsp90) mRNA was further investigated by RT-PCR. Results G3PDH was subtracted efficiently indicating that the subtractive library was constructed successfully. 50 positive clones were randomly isolated for PCR identification. Results showed that most of the plasmids in the clones contained 200-1 000bp inserts. The down-regulated genes obtained were as follows: eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta, ferritin, RAD23 homolog B, signal sequence receptor 2 (SSR2), tissue factor pathway inhibitor, heat shock 90kD protein 1, and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1. RT-PCR showed that hsp90 mRNA had a reduced expression in pcDNA3.1 (-)-IFN-? transfected HepG2 cells. Conclusion The down-regulated cDNA subtractive library in HepG2 cells after pcDNA3.1 (-)-IFN-? transfection was constructed successfully. IFN-? could down-regulate the hsp90 mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the expression of ERBB3 protein,which encoded by ERBB3 gene,in gastric cancer(intestinal type and diffuse type)as well as the normal tissue,and to elucidate the possible role of ERBB3 gene in the progress of gastric cancer.Methods 65 samples of gastric cancer tissue(of which 43 samples were intestinal type and 22 were diffuse type,classified according to the Lauren patho-classification)and 65 samples of normal tissue(control group)were investigated immunohistochemically.The expression of ERBB3 in both control group and gastric cancer group was determined.Comparisons were made according to different pathological types and TNM clinical stages within and between groups.Results 7 of 65 samples(10.8%)in gastric cancer group were found to over-express the ERBB3 protein,while only 1 of 65 samples(1.6%)in control group was found to over-express the ERBB3 protein.Statistical differences(P

Objctive To investigate the zymogenic state and drug resistance of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) for providing a laboratory basis of combined use of drugs against MDRP in clinical practice. Methods All isolates were isolated by routine procedures and identified by VITEK-2 automatic bacterial identification instrument. Following the CLSI instruction, doubling dilution in agar plates was performed for MIC detection. Results MDRP were 22.77% ( 86.96% for sputum) from 101 strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were isolated from clinical specimens. Positive rates of MDRP producing metallo-?-lactmases were 91.3%, positive rates for producing induced Ampc and plasmid Ampc ?-lactamase were 52.17% and 21.74%, respectively. The ratio between Meropenem and Imipenem higher then 1 was 34.78%. The bacterial inhibitory rates of Polymyxin B and Imipenem were zero, that of Amikaein and Ceftaxidime were 4.35%, that of Ciprofloxacin and Cefoperazone/sulbactam were 43.48%, that of Pazufioxacin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam were 21.74% and 26.07%, and that of Meropenem was 47.83%. The combined use of Cefoperazone/sulbactam, Cefpirome, Piperacillin/Tazobactam with Amikacin resulted in bacteriostatic rate of 65.2%, 47.8%, 43.5%, respectively. Conclusoins MDRP is main micro-organism found in respiratory tract specimens. Drug resistance of MDRP is related to multiple drug-resistant mechanisms. Clinicians should first select enzyme inhibitory-drug (Cefoperazone/sulbactam or Piperacillin/Tazohaetam) with Amikacin or Polymyxin B to treat clinical MORP infection, and re-adjust the type of antibiotics rationally according to patients' symptoms, phenotype of the drug-resistant pathogen, the results of drug susceptibility test, and the effect on the patients.

Objetive To elucidate the mechanism of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.a.) in an effort to provide a basis in clinical combined use of antibiotics against P.a.infection in clinical settings.Methods All P.a.strains were isolated by routine procedures and identified with VITEK-2 automatic bacterial identification console.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) was detected using dilution method on agar plate following the instruction of CLSI.Results Ninety-two strains of P.a.were isolated from clinical infection specimens,most of them were obtained from respiratory tract(88.04%).Of the 92 strains,45(48.91%) were metallo-?-lactmases positive,and 25(27.17%) were AmpC positive.When treated with a combination of meropenem and imipenem,MIC≥1 was found in 17 strains(18.48%).The bacteriostatic rate of polymixin B and meropenem was 95.65% and 80.43%,respectively,that of amikaein,piperacillin/tazohaetam(PIT) and imipenem was 48.91%-71.74%,and that of cefoperazone/sulbactam(SUP) was 36.96%.The synergistic action of PIT,and SUP with amikacin was 60.87% and 58.70%,respectively,and that of PIT,SUP with minocycline were 44.57% and 43.48%,and of PIT,SUP with PLB were 28.26% and 7.61%,respectively.Conclusions P.a.strains in this study are mainly isolated from respiratory tract infection specimens.Multiple drug-resistant mechanisms are involved in the drug resistance of P.a.Enzyme inhibitors,such as PIT or SUP,with amikacin or polymixin B should be first selected for clinical treatment of P.a.caused infection.Meanwhile,antibiotics should be rationally administered in accordance with the seriousness of disease,and with the drug-resistant phenotype of the isolated strains.

Objective To study the clinical and imaging features of Marinesco Sjgren syndrome.Methods The clinical,laboratorial and imaging information of a patient with Marinesco Sjgren syndrome (28 years old, female) was reported.Results The clinical findings included besides the major features of the syndrome, e.g. ataxia, cataracts, growth deficiency and mental retardation,chronic renal deficiency, hypoparathyroidism and hypogonadism. Karyotype of chromosome was 46,XX,1q +,22s +. CT scan showed stripped path like high density in both lenticular nucleus, cerebellar atrophy; MRI showed cerebellar vermis and hemispheres of small volume. Other abnormal superatentorial findings were showed in MRI, including enlarged third, fourth and lateral ventricles,and expanded cistern;pachygyria in left temporal lobe and a thin corpus callosum lap.Conclusion The major features of Marinesco Sjgren syndrome were growth deficiency and mental retardation,congenital cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, etc.Skull MRI might be helpful in the early diagnosis of the disorders.