Objective To investigate the value of laparoscopic treatment for post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy complications.Methods From October 1996 to October 2007,totally 754 patients suffering from gallbladder diseases underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital;21 of them developed postoperative complications and received laparoscopic intra-abdominal exploration.Results By laparoscopy,bile leakage was diagnosed in 11 cases,intra-abdominal bleeding in 6,intraperitoneal fluid in 2,duodenal bulb perforation in 1,and obstructive jaundice in 1.The patients who developed obstructive jaundice was converted to open surgery because of hepatic duct transection.The other 20 cases underwent laparoscopic treatment.All the patients were followed up for a mean of 6 years(1 to 11),during which none of them had biliary complications.Conclusion Laparoscopic treatment is a microinvasive,safe and effective method for post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy complications.

Crystal HRP was applied to the cut ends of the left infraorbital nerve and branches of the facial nerve of 34 adult mice. Then the animals were killed and perfused, and HRP solution was applied to the cut ends of the root of the right facial nerve and the right maxillary nerve. Frozen sections of the brain stem and the trigerminal ganglia were made and reacted with BDHC, TMB or DAB method for light and electrom microscopic examination.Under light microscopy, the neurons labeled when alive in the left trigerminal ganglion and the nucleus of the left facial nerve showed that more cell bodise but less nerve fibers were labeled. The reaction products with all the 3 methods in thess cells were granular. The neurons labeled after death in the right trigerminal ganglion and the nucleus of the right facial nerve showed that more fibers but less cell bodies were labeled. The reaction products in these cells were also granular with BDHC and TMB methods but diffuse with DAB method.Under electron microscopy, there were electron-dense positive products in all the cells labeled either when alive or after death. In those cells labeled when alive, the products were found in the round or oval secondary lysosomes or multive-sicular bodies, while in those labeled after death, they were mostly found on one side of vacuoles without membrane boundary. In the fibers labeled after death, many large or small positive granules were found in the axons and many minute positive granules in the myelin lamellae especially on their inner surface in contact with the axons.

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of biliary tract, ranking the sixth among gastrointestinal tract cancers worldwide.However, the low resectability, dissatisfied chemosensitivity and multidrug resistance of gallbladder cancer are currently the major challenges in the clinical management.The drug resistance has been reported to be a rather complex process, mainly involving drug effiux pump, drug-resistance mediating enzymes, transcription factors, cell autophagy and so on.Investigating the potential multidrug resistance mechanisms in gallbladder cancer and clarifying the related influential factors is the key to improving the chemosensitivity of gallbladder cancer.Slacking or reversing the resistance and enhancing the chemosensitivity could provide new idea for treating gallbladder cancer.

T-DM1 is a novel antibody-drug conjugate that has similar biological activity with that of trastuzumab. T-DM1 specifically delivers DM1, the effective anti-microtubule drug, into the cytoplasm of tumor cells with HER2 overexpression. The efficacy of T-DM1 monotherapy is better than lapatinib in combination with capecitabine and T-DM and is expected to become the standard second-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer drugs. Clinical trials that compare T-DM1 with trastuzumab joint taxane as the first-line of treatment for advanced breast cancer trials are currently being performed. T-DM1 is a brand new anti-HER2 drug after trastuzumab. U.S. FDA already approved T-DM1 as a drug for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND:Raloxifene is the third generation of selective estrogen receptor modulators, which can decrease bone loss, increase bone mineral content, and reduce fracture risk. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of raloxifene combined with self-setting calcium phosphate cement on the repair of rabbit mandibular defects. METHODS:Totaly 36 New Zealand white rabbits were selected to prepare 8 mm×4 mm×3 mm mandibular defect models, and then randomized equaly into experimental group (raloxifene, 7.5 mg/kg per day, combined with self-setting calcium phosphate cement), drug group (raloxifene, 7.5 mg/kg per day), artificial bone group (self-setting calcium phosphate cement). Rabbits were sacrificed 4, 8 and 12 weeks later, respectively, for measurement of bone morphogenetic protein 2 using immunohistochemistry method and transforming growth factor β using a laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 4 and 8 weeks, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 was obviously higher in the experimental group than the drug and artificial bone groups; after 12 weeks, bone remodeling was basicaly complete in the experimental group, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 became lower than that in the other two groups. The expression of transforming growth factor β in the experimental group was gradualy increased and reached the peak at 8 weeks, while in the drug and artificial bone groups, the expression of transforming growth factor β exhibited an increasing trend within 4-12 weeks, which was close to the peak. These findings suggest that raloxifene can promote early expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and early calus formation as wel as accelerate the repair of bone defects with calcium phosphate cement.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) complicating stroke is more common.Studies have shown that LA is closely associated with the occurrence and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage.This article reviews the relationship between LA and primary intracerebral hemorrhage,intracerebral hemorrhage after anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies as well as cerebral microbleeds.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligands (TRAILs) and their receptors can specifically express in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.TRAIL can specifically induce tumor cells apoptosis through death receptors (DRs) ; TRAIL combined radiation and chemotherapy can effectively overcome the TRAIL resistance of tumor cells,and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells,meanwhile the gene therapy of TRAIL on anti-tumor clinical treatment has been widely used.

Laser scanning confocal microscope is a kind of new analytical apparatus for molecular cell biology research.It has been used in many fields of biomedical research.Brief introduction of its function and feature is given in this article.Recent development is summarized in application of laser scanning confocal microscope for localization and quantification of tumor tissue and cell protein,observation of sub-cellular structure of tumor ceils,study on tumor related receptor,distribution of antitumor drug and mechanism of tumor multi-drug resistance.

Circadian rhythms describe biological phenomena that oscillate with an 24 hour cycle. These rhythms include blood pressure, body temperature, hormone level, the number of immune cells in blood, and the sleep-wake cycle. The aim is to introduce common genes between species that are responsible for determining the circadian behavior, especially some transcription factor s that serve to regulate many circadian rhythm genes. And the common molecular mechanism of biological clocks between fly and human will be in troduced.

0.05). The levels of progesterone and hCG in the inevitable group were significantly decreased to(36?17) nmol/L and(13 ?3) kU/L, respectively. The differences when compared to the other groups were statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion LIF may play a role in the maintenance of normal pregnancy. Reduction of LIF expression in chorionic villi may induce the decrease of serum progesterone and hCG levels and, ultimately, cause inevitable abortion.