Objective To compare the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with diabetes treated with actrapid monotard analog or actrapid monotard. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into actrapid monotard analog group and actrapid monotard group with 60 cases in each by admission number. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), HbA1c were obtained and analyzed. Results The overall cure rate were similar between actrapid monotard analog group and actrapid monotard group (83.3%, 50/60 vs. 86.7%, 52/60, P ＞ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in FBG, 2hPBG before treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),but there was significant difference at 2 weeks after treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ) . There was no significant difference in HbA1c before treatment between two groups (P＞ 0.05 ) ,but there was significant difference at 3 months after treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ). FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c after treatment were improved compared with before treatment in two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Actrapid monotard analog provides better blood glucose control compare with actrapid monotard while providing the convenience of injecting immediately before meals.

Plastic bronchitis is a “multiple-system” involved syndrome that is characterized by the formarion of thick,arborizing mucofibrinous tracheobronchial casts,which can result in hard breathing or pulmonary failure.Plastic bronchitis in children occurs following correction of complex cardiac defects,or in children with inflammatory pulmonary conditions.It is a condition of unknown causes and has different clinical manifestations.Early diagnosis is very important and so far endoscopic removal of the casts is the most effective measure.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of different density of Levobupivacaine for combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) in elder patients. METHODS: Sixty elder patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: Group Ⅰ(n=20,hypobaric group) received 0.75% Levobupivacaine 1 mL+ 0.5 mL 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection,Group Ⅱ(n=20,isobaric group) received 0.75% Levobupivacaine 1 mL+0.5 mL cerebrospinal fluid,and Group Ⅲ(n=20,hyperbaric group) received 1 mL 0.75% Levobupivacaine+0.5 mL 10% Glucose. RESULTS: All the 3 groups achieved satisfactory anesthetic efficacy. The incidences of hypotension,nausea,vomiting and shivering were significantly lower in Group Ⅲ than in other two groups (Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ)(P

JM is a acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line derived from immature T lymphocytes in human thymus.We bserved the immunoregulation effect of supernatants from JM cell culture(SPN_(JM))onproliferation of human B ymphocytes and mouse spleen cells by using purified human B lymphocytesand mouse spleen cells stimulated with AC.It is showed that SPN_(JM),which suppresses T lymphocyteproliferation,enhance the proliferation response of uman B cell and mouse spleen cells stimulatedwith SAC.Without inducement of SAC,SPN_(JM) with HrIL-2 still nhances B lympohocyteproliferation.Additionally,SPN_(JM) is able to up regulate T cell proliferation response at lowconcentration(1:640)although it suppresses T cell proliferation at high concentration.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of defined individual treatment course as evaluation index of rational use of drugs.METHODS:The doses of antibiotics and treatment course in 63 patients with type Ⅰ incision operation of our hospital in Jan.2010 were taken as examples.Case analysis,DUI evaluation and defined individual treatment course evaluation were adopted.Similar results were obtained by 3 kinds of methods.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Results of 3 kinds of methods are consistent.DUI evaluation isn't closely associated with treatment course.Defined individual treatment course is more sensitive and available than DUI based on the introduction of dose and treatment course.

Objective To estimate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-18 with ulcerative colitis (UC) . Methods Samples collected from 50 patients with UC and 128 healthy controls were detected for SNPs of IL-18 gene including rs187238, rs5744228, rs360718 and rs360717 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Meanwhile, the serum level of IL-18 was measured. ResultsSerum concentration of IL-18 was higher in patients with UC than in healthy controls [(3029.9±111.7) pg/ml vs ( 133.2±39.4) pg/ml,(P<0.01)], rs187238 C, rs360718 C and rs360717 A were significantly related to UC (X~2=9.26, P<0.01). There was significant difference in frequencies of rs187238 C, rs360718 C and rs360717 A between patients with UC and healthy controls (X~2=9.26, P<0. 01). Serum concentration of IL-18 was higher in UC patients with C allele than in healthy controls (P<0.05).Conclusions There is correlation between SNP and serum level of IL-18 , which may involve in susceptibility to UC.

Objective To investigate the condition of self-management of patient controlled analgesia pump in patients in the ICU.Methods 82 patients in ICU were selected in July 2014 and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 41 cases in each.In the observation group,the PCAP was fixed on the bedrails of patients' bed and controlled by themselves to acquire satisfactory analgesia effect.In the control group,the PCAP was operated by the nurses.Pains scores was compared between the two groups.Results The different position of PCAP showed the different scores of pain in the patients.The pain scores in the observation group (2.93±1.47) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.76±1.36),P＜0.05.Conclusions Proper position of PCAP and controlled by patients can effectively reduce postoperative pain of patients in the ICU,and then reduce their suffering and improve their comfort.

P2 X7 receptor is a member of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels;and is one subtype family of the P2X purinergic receptor.Signaling pathways of P2X7 receptor couple with several key inflammatory molecules including IL-1β;IL-6 and COX-2;which suggests that P2 X7 receptor plays a key role in the development of dis-eases via increased inflammation;indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target.Recent studies show that P2 X7 receptor has a relationship with renal diseases.This article reviews the effect of P2 X7 receptor on renal diseases and its mechanism.P2 X7 receptor may be a new drug target;and its selectivity antagonist may be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of renal diseases.

Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a decoy receptor of IL-33 in blood.sST2and ST2L (receptor on cell membrane) seem to be markedly induced in mechanically overloaded cardiac myocytes,especially the expression of sST2.A large number of sST2 bind IL-33 thus subtracting IL-33 from the interaction with ST2L,potentially attenuating the cardioprotective effects of IL-33/ST2L pathway.Recently,sST2 has emerged as a novel for heart failure biomarker.Though sST2 was a less robust marker for the diagnosis of heart failure than NT-proBNP,it has been implicated in the prognostication of patients with acute dyspnea,acute or chronic heart failure and myocardial infarction,with particular value for mid-and long-term prognosis.However,further studies are needed in order to better point out the evidence for a routine use of sST2 evaluation in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

At present,in the opinions of the domestic and foreign scholars,the only hope of long-term survival even cure of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was obtained by radical resection(ie R0 resection).The application of preoperative assessment with appropriate and comprehensive strategies can judge the respectability and Intraoperative safety accurately to the tumor,thereby it can improve the radical resection rate and safety of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.In this paper,preoperative assessment strategies are reviewed.