Plastic bronchitis is a “multiple-system” involved syndrome that is characterized by the formarion of thick,arborizing mucofibrinous tracheobronchial casts,which can result in hard breathing or pulmonary failure.Plastic bronchitis in children occurs following correction of complex cardiac defects,or in children with inflammatory pulmonary conditions.It is a condition of unknown causes and has different clinical manifestations.Early diagnosis is very important and so far endoscopic removal of the casts is the most effective measure.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of different density of Levobupivacaine for combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) in elder patients. METHODS: Sixty elder patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: Group Ⅰ(n=20,hypobaric group) received 0.75% Levobupivacaine 1 mL+ 0.5 mL 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection,Group Ⅱ(n=20,isobaric group) received 0.75% Levobupivacaine 1 mL+0.5 mL cerebrospinal fluid,and Group Ⅲ(n=20,hyperbaric group) received 1 mL 0.75% Levobupivacaine+0.5 mL 10% Glucose. RESULTS: All the 3 groups achieved satisfactory anesthetic efficacy. The incidences of hypotension,nausea,vomiting and shivering were significantly lower in Group Ⅲ than in other two groups (Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ)(P

JM is a acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line derived from immature T lymphocytes in human thymus.We bserved the immunoregulation effect of supernatants from JM cell culture(SPN_(JM))onproliferation of human B ymphocytes and mouse spleen cells by using purified human B lymphocytesand mouse spleen cells stimulated with AC.It is showed that SPN_(JM),which suppresses T lymphocyteproliferation,enhance the proliferation response of uman B cell and mouse spleen cells stimulatedwith SAC.Without inducement of SAC,SPN_(JM) with HrIL-2 still nhances B lympohocyteproliferation.Additionally,SPN_(JM) is able to up regulate T cell proliferation response at lowconcentration(1:640)although it suppresses T cell proliferation at high concentration.

Objective To compare the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with diabetes treated with actrapid monotard analog or actrapid monotard. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into actrapid monotard analog group and actrapid monotard group with 60 cases in each by admission number. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), HbA1c were obtained and analyzed. Results The overall cure rate were similar between actrapid monotard analog group and actrapid monotard group (83.3%, 50/60 vs. 86.7%, 52/60, P ＞ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in FBG, 2hPBG before treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),but there was significant difference at 2 weeks after treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ) . There was no significant difference in HbA1c before treatment between two groups (P＞ 0.05 ) ,but there was significant difference at 3 months after treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ). FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c after treatment were improved compared with before treatment in two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Actrapid monotard analog provides better blood glucose control compare with actrapid monotard while providing the convenience of injecting immediately before meals.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of defined individual treatment course as evaluation index of rational use of drugs.METHODS:The doses of antibiotics and treatment course in 63 patients with type Ⅰ incision operation of our hospital in Jan.2010 were taken as examples.Case analysis,DUI evaluation and defined individual treatment course evaluation were adopted.Similar results were obtained by 3 kinds of methods.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Results of 3 kinds of methods are consistent.DUI evaluation isn't closely associated with treatment course.Defined individual treatment course is more sensitive and available than DUI based on the introduction of dose and treatment course.

At present,in the opinions of the domestic and foreign scholars,the only hope of long-term survival even cure of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was obtained by radical resection(ie R0 resection).The application of preoperative assessment with appropriate and comprehensive strategies can judge the respectability and Intraoperative safety accurately to the tumor,thereby it can improve the radical resection rate and safety of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.In this paper,preoperative assessment strategies are reviewed.

ObjectiveTo observe the lesions of psoriasis vulgaris by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM).MethodsThe typical lesions of 120 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were observed by CLSM,and scanning results were recorded.ResultsOf the 120 patients with psoriasis vulgaris,all (100％)had dilated and twisted capillaries in dermal papillae,113 (94.17％) acanthosis,106 (88.33％) parakeratosis,86 (71.67％) Munro microabscesses at the level of stratum corneum,71(59.17％) diminished or disappeared stratum granulosum.There were a few(1 to 2) dilated capillary lumens in papillary dermis,with no obvious reduction in the distance between dermal papillae.Some dermal papillary rings lost their integrity or brightness slightly in 24 of the 27 patients with psoriasis guttata.The height of stratum spinosum was 96.85 ± 17.88 μm (ranged:80-150 μm) in patients with psoriasis guttata,lower than that in those with plaque psoriasis (average:143.45 ± 23.19 μm,range:100-190 μm).In lesions of plaque psoriasis,the capillaries in dermal papillae were apparently dilated with hyperemia,showing a characteristic'S' shape or horseshoe appearance; the diameter of dermal papillae was increased and the distance between dermal papillae was reduced,giving a 'transverse section of lotus roots' appearance.Dermal papillary rings completely disappeared in 25 of the 29 patients with plaque psoriasis.ConclusionCLSM may serve as an aid in the diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris.

Objective To investigate the expression of visfatin in the livers of rats suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to expect the development of new diagnosis and treatment for NAFLD.Methods A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was randomly divided into control and NAFLD model groups.For control group,the rats were given basic diet and subcutaneous injection of saline(0.2 ml/100 g weight)twice a week.However,rats in the model group were given high fat diet and were given subcutaneous injection of 40 ％ carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) salad oil (0.2 ml/100 g) twice a week.The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),triglyeride (TG),total-cholesterol (TC) in serum together with the visfatin expression in hepatic tissue were analyzed at the 2nd,4th,6th,and 8th weeks after operation,respectively.Results The levels of ALT,AST,TG,and TC in model group were increased gradually as time going(P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) experiments showed the level of visfatin in model group was significantly higher than control group in each period,with a increasing trends with the modeling time (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions (1)After high-fat feeding and intraperitoneal injection of CCL4,a model of adult SD rats suffering from NAFLD was constructed.(2)In livers of rats suffering from NAFLD,the expression of visfatin was increased while the level of liver steatosis was enhanced.Visfatin would be a new target to observe the severity of NAFLD.

Immuno-inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic brain injury,of which chemokines and its receptors widely participate in the occurrence and development processes of ischemic brain injury.Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and its receptors participate in the activation and chemotaxis of neutrophils into brain tissue,and may further aggravate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.At present,therapeutic drugs for IL-8 are mainly CXC chemokine receptor 2 antagonists,including narrow and broad-spectrum chemokine antagonists.This article reviews the advances in research on the pathological mechanism and targeting treatment of IL-8 in ischemic brain injury.

Objective To estimate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-18 with ulcerative colitis (UC) . Methods Samples collected from 50 patients with UC and 128 healthy controls were detected for SNPs of IL-18 gene including rs187238, rs5744228, rs360718 and rs360717 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Meanwhile, the serum level of IL-18 was measured. ResultsSerum concentration of IL-18 was higher in patients with UC than in healthy controls [(3029.9±111.7) pg/ml vs ( 133.2±39.4) pg/ml,(P<0.01)], rs187238 C, rs360718 C and rs360717 A were significantly related to UC (X~2=9.26, P<0.01). There was significant difference in frequencies of rs187238 C, rs360718 C and rs360717 A between patients with UC and healthy controls (X~2=9.26, P<0. 01). Serum concentration of IL-18 was higher in UC patients with C allele than in healthy controls (P<0.05).Conclusions There is correlation between SNP and serum level of IL-18 , which may involve in susceptibility to UC.