A great progress has been achieved in research on repair of nerve functional recovery following spinal cord injury because of the development of nerve tissue engineering.As an important part of nerve tissue engineering,cell scaffold is divided into natural biomaterials,synthetic materials and composite materials.Besides,nanotechnology has been applied to study scaffolds.However,there are many problems in the application of cell scaffold and further study is needed.With the continued development of biotechnique and cross-correlated technique,the cell transplantation scaffold will make more effect on repair of spinal cord injury.

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunosuppressive action of Niuhuang Qianjin San (NQS). M ethods: The anti-inflammatory action of NQS was studied by the methods of rat pa w swelling and mouse ear swelling and the analgesic action by mouse body torsion method and K+ subcutaneous penetration method in rats.Immunosuppressive effec t was evaluated by peripheral T lymphocyte percentage, splenic lymphocyte transfor mation ratio, phagocytic function of intraperitoneal magocytes, the activity of delayed hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level and the function of antibody-yie lding cells in mice. Results: NQS could obviously alleviate inflammation, increa se codeine's analgesic action and suppress immunity. The difference were signif icant (P<0.01) as compared with normal saline contr ol group.Conclusion:NQS exerts certain anti-inflammatory,analagisic and immunosu ppressive action.

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunosuppressive action of Niuhuang Qianjin San (NQS). Methods: The anti-inflammatory action of NQS was studied by the methods of rat paw swelling and mouse ear swelling and the analgesic action by mouse body torsion method and K + subcutaneous penetration method in rats.Immunosuppressive effect was evaluated by peripheral T lymphocyte percentage, splenic lymphocyte transformation ratio, phagocytic function of intraperitoneal magocytes, the activity of delayed hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin level and the function of antibody-yielding cells in mice. Results: NQS could obviously alleviate inflammation, increase codeine's analgesic action and suppress immunity. The difference were significant (P

Mutations in presenilins caused most of the autosomal dominant familial forms of Alzheimers disease by altering ? secretase activity. The ? secretase is a large multiprotein complex including presenilin heterodimers,nicastrin,PEN 2 and additional unidentified components.? secretase cleaves beta amyloid precursor protein,Notch,E cadherin,ErbB 4 receptor tyrosine kinase and other membrane proteins.The development of various ? secretase inhibitors not only provides a tool for investigating the structure, function and mechanism of ? secretase,but also presents a therapeutic strategy to slow progression of Alzheimers disease pathology. Threre are various classes of ? secretase inhibitors: compounds containing a difluoro ketone or a difluoro alcohol group, (hydroxyethy) urea peptidomimetics,compounds possessing a hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere, short helical peptides, non peptidic inhibitors derived from 4 chloro isocoumarin synthon, compounds containing alanyl moiety.Among these species of ? secretase inhibitors,those which selectively affect Abeta production are especially the most promising drugs to treat Alzheimers disease.

Follow-up is the key link for the continued rehabilitation of stroke patients after discharge. It is conducive to the dynamic assessment of the disease and the recovery of dysfunction, to improving the medication compliance of patients, and to reducing the risk of complications and stroke recurrence. With the development of society, the contents and forms of follow-up for stroke patients are becoming more and more abundant; however, the problems such as incomprehensive and not unified contents, a lack of standardization, and high rate of lost still exist. This paper reviews the necessity of follow-up and its application in the rehabilitation of stroke patients after discharge, so as to provide the reference for perfecting the management of follow-up in community rehabilitation for stroke patients.

This study is to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Uygur medicine bugloss (BTF) on rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to explore the mechanisms by which it acts. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in rats was occluded for 30 min followed by 4 h reperfusion. Meanwhile, BTF dissolved in saline was administered intraperitoneally at dosage of 10, 30 and 50 mg x kg(-1). Electrocardiograph, infarction index, serum myocardial enzymes and heart function were determined to evaluate the effect of BTF. Some other observations were carried out to explore whether inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis is involved in the mechanisms underlying BTF. Our results showed that in ischemia/reperfusion injured rats BTF could dose-dependently reduce myocardial infarction index and myocardial enzyme leakage, and enhance heart function, indicating that it possesses significant cardio protection. ELISA analysis showed that BTF could decrease the content of myocardial inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Western-blotting confirmed that BTF could increase the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduce the expression of proapoptosis protein Bax. Further more, the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt was upregulated by BTF treatment. BTF can protect rat against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Anti-inflammation and inhibition of apoptosis through upregulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway may contribute to the protective effect of BTF.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of continuous veno-venuous hemodialysis/filtration(CVVHD/F) for the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)caused by severe infection and to explore the mechanism in children.Method Nineteen cases of pediatric septic shock with MODS were treated with CVVHD/F in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from December 2002 to November 2007.The clinical data were studied including mortality rate,serum electrolytes,arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2),artery partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PCO2),FiO2/PO2,urine output,blood pressure,doses of vasoactive agents,Cr,BUN,etc.Results Cannulation and CVVHD/F were well performed in a total of 19 cases,with median age 33.4±36.5 months(from 3 months to 8 years) ,with their gender ratio of male(13 cases)to female (6 cases) to be 68.4% and 31.6%.The mean pediatric crifcal illness score(PCIS) was 69.1±10.4 and Median Pediatric Risk of Mortality score(PRMS Ⅲ)12.66±7.85,respectively.The duration of CWHD/F was 92 hours(ranged from 16 hours to480 hours).FiO2/PO2,PCO2,and PO2 were iraproved significantly after 12 to 24 hours CVVHD/F in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) or lung edema (P<0.05).The concentrations of serum kalium,natrinm and HCO3- level resumed to well-balanced in 24 hours (P<0.05).The serum Cr and BUN were decreased to normal range(P<0.05).The mortality rate was 63.2%.Conclusions CVVHD/F was effective for treatment of septic shock with MODS in pediatric by improving oxygenation,maintaining normal serum electrolytes,conecting metabolic acidosis,increasing the tissue perfusion and eliminating the serum Cr and BUN.

Aim To investigate the effect of Salvianol-ic acid A (Sal A)on mice with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infraction and its possible mecha-nisms.Methods The mice were subcutaneously in-jected with ISO (8 mg·kg-1 )to induce myocardial in-farction.The myocardial protective effect of Salvianolic acid A was evaluated from mortality rate,electrocardio-gram (ECG),heart function,myocardial infarction in-dex,serum myocardial enzymes and its action mecha-nisms were explored from inflammation,anti-oxidation and cells apoptosis.Results Salvianolic acid A dose-dependently enhanced the heart function of myocardial infarction mice,reduced the heart index,inhibited the myocardial enzyme leakage,showed obvious myocardi-al protection effects.ELISA results showed that Salvi-
anolic acid A could reduce the expression of myocardial inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6(interleukin-6,IL-6),TNF-α(tumornecrosis factor-α,TNF-α).West-ern-blotting confirmed that Salvianolic acid A could in-crease the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, reduce the expression of apoptosis protein Bax,and raise the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt.Con-clusion Salvianolic acid A displays a significant pro-tective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction and its mechanism may be related to the in-crease of PI3K/Akt signal pathway and the inhibition of cell apoptosis and inflammatory reaction.

Objective To compare the role of CTE and CE on the diagnosis of small bowel diseases and evaluate their advantages in patients with different indications.Methods Patients underwent both CTE and CE(interval time <2 weeks)at our institution in recent 3 years were enrolled.The positive detection rates,lesion properties and characteristics of CTE and CE were compared.The diagnostic accuracy of combined method was also analyzed.Results A total of 47 patients were enrolled and the indications included suspected or established Crohn′s disease (28 cases),unexplained abdominal pain (14 cases), obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(3 cases),insufficient small bowel obstruction(1 case)and protein losing enteropathy(1 case).Diagnostic yield of CTE and CE for whole small bowel disorders showed no significant difference(CE 83.0% VS CTE 78.7%,P =0.791).For suspected or established CD,CE had a higher diagnostic accuracy than CTE (78.6% VS 35.7%,P =0.002 ),especially in detecting lesions in the jejunum(CE 50.0% VS CTE 7.1%,P =0.002).The diagnostic accuracy reached 100.0% when two meth-ods were combined.For unexplained abdominal pain,no significant difference was found in the diagnostic ac-curacy of CE and CTE(CTE 42.8% VS CE 50.0%,P =1.000).Diagnostic accuracy of combining CTE and CE was 85.7%.Conclusion CTE and CE are both valuable in detecting small bowel lesions.For pa-tients with suspected or established CD,CE is better than CTE.For patients with unexplained abdominal pain,a combination of CTE and CE may be a better strategy than use CTE or CE alone.

Hospital cases were collected from 18 hospitals regarding their clinic facility layout optimization when they implement the National Healthcare Improvement Initiative.These data were used to learn the implementation at such hospitals,and summarize problems and experiences of the Initiative,for reference of sustained improvements.