Autophagy is the process of removing the lysosomal and use of degradation products,which can keep the balance of protein metabolism and maintain a stable cellular environment,thus autophagy is extensively involved in various pathophysiological processes.In recent years,although there has been some progress in the molecular and regulation mechanisms of autophagy,however,the research on autophagy and nervous system diseases has only just begun.Studies of rats with brain damage have shown that injection of autophagy inhibitors reduced extent of convulsions.Therefore we put forward scientific hypothesis that autophagy is associated with brain injury and signal transduction,and autophagy may aggravate brain damage by certain signaling pathways.This article outlines the new progresses of autophagy and autophagy inhibitors,and further explore its effects on the nervous system.

The methylation of tumor suppressor microRNAs,also known as tumor suppressor microRNA (TS-miRNA),plays an important role in the occurrence and development of leukemia.Methylation of microRNAs usually lead to aberrant proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of tumor.It has been proved that mcthylation is also involved in unregulated oncogene expression and ceil cycle in leukemia.Most of the aberrant methylation can be revered by demethylation reagents.Research on the aberrant methylations and the role in the occurrence and development of leukemia may improve the evaluation criteria of diagnosis and prognosis,which will propose a new treatment perspective.

Plague,a highly virulent zoonotic disease,is caused by Yersinia pestis.Eco-geographic landscape plays an important role in the formation and evolution of plague natural foci.We explored the relationship between geographic landscape and plague as well as related techniques,which will be helpful for clarifying the suitable habitats,identifying the vulnerability of geographic environment,and preventing and controlling the occurrence of plague effectively.

Objective To investigate the influence of Zafirlukast on the inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with seasonal allergic asthma.Methods 182 patients with seasonal allergic asthma from the department of respiratory in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups, 91 cases in each group.The control group treated with budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation, the experiment group received Zafirlukast on the basis of the control group,serum levels of inflammatory cytokines,peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,serum immunoglobulin levels, lung function,and the clinical effect were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with the control group, serum levels of TNF-,IL-4,IL-6 were lower, level of IL-10 was higher in the experiment group after treatment, CD8 +T lymphocyte levels was lower, CD3 +, CD4 +T lymphocyte and CD4 +/CD8 +ratio levels were higher after treatment, serum levels of IgE, IgG, IgA were lower after treatment, levels of PEF,FEV1 ,FEV1/FVC were higher after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The effective rate in the experiment group 94.51% was higher than the control group 81.32% (P<0.05).Conclusion Zafirlukast can significantly reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors in patients with seasonal allergic asthma, improve the cellular immune function, reduce the level of immunoglobulin, effectively improve lung function, shorten the length of hospital stay, has better clinical curative effect.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oxygen-driven aerosol inhalation of Ventolin plus Atrovent and Budesonide suspension for acute episode of intermediate or severe degree of bronchial asthma. METHODS:A total of 48 patients with bronchial asthma were divided into two groups randomly:26 cases in the treatment group received normal saline (1 mL) +Ventolin (2 mL) + Atrovent (2 mL) and Budesonide suspension(4 mL) q6 h in addition to the routinetherapy by high-flow oxygen driven in addition to the routine therapy; 22 cases in the control group received Ventolin inhaler(200 ?g) q 6 h. The improvement of clinical symptoms in the two groups after treatment for 3 days,the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),forced vital capacity (FVC),peak expiratory flow (PEF) at 3 h and 5 days,respectively,the blood sugar level,arterial blood gas index as well as duration of systemic use of hormone and the hospital days were compared between two groups. RESULTS:After treatment for 3 days,the effective rate in the treatment group(24/26) was significantly higher than in the control group (14/22),showing significant differences between two groups. At 3 h,there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in FEV1 and PEF but not in FVC; at 5 days,there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in FEV1,FVC and PEF. On day 5,there were significant differences between two groups in PaO2,PaCO2 and blood sugar level as well as in the duration of systemic use of hormone and the hospital days. CONCLUSION:Aerosol inhalation of Ventolin plus Atrovent and Budesonide suspension shows remarkable therapeutic efficacy for acute episode of intermediate or severe degree of bronchial asthma.

β-Catenin is an adhesion molecule that mediates intercellular adhesion.It can be activated by the classical Wnt signaling pathway and promote cell survival.During cerebral ischemia,the stability of β-catenin decreases and the phosphorylated β-catenin level increases.Up-regulation of β-catenin can inhibit the schemia-induced neuronal apoptosis,promote neurogenesis,maintain the stability of blood-brain-barrier,and protect against cerebral injury.

Objective To exPlore the theraPeutic effect of cycloVirobuxine_D ( CVB_D) on heart failure by obserVing the influences of CVB_D on cardiac function,myocardial morPhology and structure in rats with heart failure. Methods The rat model of heart failure was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery,and then the rats were randomly diVided into 5 grouPs,Plus the sham grouP. EchocardiograPhy was used to assess cardiac function,including EF,LVSF,SV,HR,CO and so on. Myocardial tissue section was obtained. Change in the myocardial tissue was obserVed by HE staining. Myocardial ultra_structure was obserVed by using transmission electron microscoPe. Results As comPared with the model grouP,EF and LVSF were significantly increased in medium and high dose CVB_D grouPs (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01),SV was increased in low and medium dose CVB_D grouPs (P<0. 05),CO was increased in low,medium and high dose CVB_D grouPs (P<0. 05),LVIDs was decreased and LVPWs was increased in high dose CVB_D grouP (P<0. 05). Under light microscoPe,changes of myocardial structures were obserVed in different CVB_D dose grouPs: myocardial fiber gradually became tidy, striPes became clear, and contour became clear. The changes of myocardial ultra_structure were obserVed under transmission electron microscoPe: the myocardial fiber breakage was reduced and the number of mitochondria was increased,swelling degeneration was alleViated. Conclusion CVB_D significantly imProVed cardiac contraction and blood PumPing function of rats with heart failure, exerted mitigatiVe effect on damage of cardiac muscle fiber and mitochondria. It suggests that CVB_D may be effectiVe in the treatment of heart failure.

AIM:To observe the characteristics of estrous cycle of female ICR mice and ovariectomized mice that had reached sexual maturity stage .METHODS:ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, normal group, sham operation group and ovariectomized group .After ovariectomy and sham operating , at the 8th day, the mice were taken vagi-nal smears twice daily (09:00 and 16:00) for 12 consecutive days.The feature of vulva in the mice and vaginal smear cy-tology, occurrence rate of regular estrous cycle , duration of estrous cycle and each stage duration of estrous cycle were re -corded and observed .RESULTS:The characteristics of estrous cycle in normal group and sham operation group were simi-lar.Nearly 85%of the ICR mice in sexual maturity stage showed regular estrous cycle .The majority manifested 6-day cy-cle (83%), and only a small number exhibited 5-day cycle (17%).Compared with 5-day group, the duration of oestrus was significantly increased in 6-day group (P<0.05).The number and kind of the cells in vaginal smear were a little dif-ferent between 5-day and 6-day groups.The ovariectomized mice which showed irregular estrous cycle (76%) were charac-terized by continuous diestrus .CONCLUSION:Female ICR mice have the strain characteristics of estrus cycle .

Objective: To investigate the compliance of functional exercises and identify its influencing factors among young and middle-aged stroke patients, so as to provide insights into rehabilitation management among young and middle-aged stroke patients. Methods: Stroke patients at ages of 18 to 59 years were recruited from those receiving rehabilitation treatment in Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022. Participants' demographics and clinical data were collected through questionnaire surveys. The compliance of functional exercises was assessed using Stroke Functional Exercise Adherence Questionnaire, and patients' social support, exercise self-efficacy and depression were assessed using the Social Support Rating Scale, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. The factors affecting functional exercise compliance were identified among young and middle-aged stroke patients with a multivariable linear regression model. Results: A total of 230 questionnaires were allocated and 213 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 92.61%. The respondents included 129 men (60.56%) and 84 women (39.44%) and had a mean age of (53.49±7.95) years. The total score of functional exercise compliance was (41.37±9.11) points among the participants. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified education level (β'=0.376), monthly household income per capita (β'=0.309), history of stroke onset (β'=-0.238), rehabilitation instruction (β'=0.284), depression (β'=-0.261), exercise self-efficacy (β'=0.152), and social support level (β': 0.277 to 0.415) as factors affecting the functional exercise compliance among young and middle-aged stroke patients. Conclusion Education level, income, history of stroke onset, depression, exercise self-efficacy and social support may affect the compliance of exercise compliance among young and middle-aged stroke patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of Uniportal video -assisted thoracoscopic surgery and single utility port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for ⅠA stage non-small cell lung cancer .Methods A total of 81 patients with ⅠA stage non-small cell lung cancer was admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to November 2015 .The patients were divided into control group and observation group .51 patients of control group received single utility port video -assisted thoracoscopic surgery , while other 30 patients of observation group received Uniportal video -assisted thoracoscopic surgery .Results The incision length of observation group was(4.27 ±0.29) cm,operative time was (208.80 ±61.12) mins.The volume of blood intra -operation was (92.33 ±73.75)mL;the number of lymph nodes dissection was (15.62 ±5.12),post-operative drainage within 24 hours was(401.70 ±53.31)mL;drainage tube retention was (6.30 ±3.01)days;postoperative hospitalization time was(19.03 ±5.85)days.The incidence rate of postoperative complications was 13.33%.The incision length of control group was(3.86 ±0.23)cm.The operative time was(184.30 ±51.36)mins;The volume of blood intra-operation was(84.90 ±80.98)mL,the number of lymph nodes dissection was (15.84 ±5.66),post-operative drainage within 24 hours was(398.00 ±52.73)mL;drainage tube retention was(6.10 ±3.25)days;postoperative hospitalization time was(18.69 ±6.81) days;The incidence rate of postoperative complications was 25.49%, there were no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).VAS pain score of the observation group was(2.32 ±0.94)and it was(4.18 ±0.95)in control group,and observation group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Uniportal video -assisted thoracoscopic surgery has the benefit of less trauma and pain ,and it is worth using widely .