Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Asparaginase ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and mechanism of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) ligand LPS-mediated inhibition hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in Bewo cells.MethodsFirst of all,2 μg 1.3-fold HBV recombinant vector pcDNA3.1 ( + )-HBV1.3 were transfected into Bewo cells,after 12 h,the cells were treated with LPS for 3 d.To observe the kinetics of IFN-β and TNF-α expression in Bewo cells,the Bewo cells were exposed to TLR4 ligand LPS.And the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC),an inhibitor of NF-κB,on LPS-induced cytokines was also observed.The HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA level in the culture supernatant were detected by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) and fluorescence quantitative PCR,respectively,and the expression of IFN-β,TNF-α,TRIF and MyD88 was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR,respectively.ResultsCompared with control group,LPS could significantly suppress HBV replication in Bewo cells ( P ＜0.01 ),and it could induce the production of TNFα in Bewo cells ( P ＜ 0.05 ),in time-and dose-dependent manners.PDTC strongly inhibited LPS and induced TNF-α production,but had no much effect on IFN-β in Bewo cells ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Compared with control group,the mRNA levels of MyD88 were significantly induced by LPS in the Bewo cells transfected with this recombinant vector( P ＜ 0.001 ).ConclusionsTLR4 ligand LPS could significantly suppress HBV replication by inducing TNF-α production in Bewo cells mainly via the MyD88/ NF-κB signal pathway.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Asparaginase ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

In 1970′s a prevailing hypothesis postulated herpes simplex virus in cervical cancer aetiology,but Hausen has made seminal observations that identify novel human papilloma viruses as key contributors to cervical cancer and hybridization technique of nucleic acid has proven it.After the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) by Sinossi and Montagnier,they held the evolutional history of HIV.The article objectively evaluates the role in the discovery of HIV,played by Gallo.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has always been one of the most important public health issues in mainland China, causing a huge disease burden. It often takes decades for the chronic process of malignant transformation from HBV infection to different stages of liver diseases. Mutations associated with virus survival are eventually selected by the chronic infection process and under the immune pressure of host. These selected HBV mutations further promote the malignant transformation of liver diseases. A large amount of somatic mutations are produced in the HBV-related chronic inflammatory micro-environment, and those survival-related mutations will then be selected. The selected HBV mutations and host somatic mutations work together to promote the malignant transformation, which can be termed as an evolutionary process of “mutation-selection-adaptation”. In addition, genetic variations of individual hosts also play an important role in HBV related disease progression. For example, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of STAT pathway and HLA can interact with important HBV mutations and therefore affect HBV-related disease progression.

Hair follicle (HF), one of the skin appendages, has received a lot of attention to be a new target and pathway for drug delivery. The development of hair follicle targeted drug delivery system (HFTDDS) through percutaneous permeation is particularly important for skin diseases derived from HF such as acne, hair loss, and folliculitis for their on-site action. This review describes the structure and physiological function of HF, the microenvironment of HF, and factors affecting HF permeation. Multiple nanoformulations used to improve the HF permeation and technologies to characterize the HF permeation were introduced. The latest advance of HFTDDS based on nanoformulations were systematically summarized and analyzed in the treatment of acne and hair loss. Finally, the challenges of formulating HFTDDS were discussed. The review is expected to provide some ideas and references for developing delivery systems for treating skin diseases derived from HF.

Abstract On May 30 2022, Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention received a report of multiple cases of fever from a kindergarten. A field epidemiology investigation, laboratory testing, and control and prevention work were immediately conducted. A total of 76 cases were reported, and all were students, with an attack rate of 9.93%. The onset of illness was peaked between May 18 and June 8. The main clinical symptoms were fever, cough and sore throat, and all the cases were mild. There were 39 cases tested positive for human adenovirus (HAdV) nucleic acid or antigen, and 7 nucleic acid positive specimens were identified as HAdV-7 through virus isolation, culture and genotyping. The field epidemiology investigation and laboratory testing results concluded that it was a clustered outbreak caused by HAdV-7 infection. The main reason for the spread of the outbreak might be that the kindergarten failed to report it in time. High student density, poor classroom ventilation, lax morning and afternoon inspections, non-standard daily disinfection, and the prevalence of HAdV outbreaks in the community were also associated. Kindergartens should improve its infectious disease prevention and control mechanism, strictly follow the reporting regulations, implement the three early measures, standardize disinfection work, and enhance daily ventilation to avoid similar outbreaks in the future.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficacy of Fuzheng Jiedu Granule (FJG) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in long term contact with nickel (Ni) and its effect on electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardial enzymes.

METHODSSixty cases were randomly assigned to two groups with 30 cases in each group, the treatment group treated with FJG plus Western medicine and the control group given Western medicine alone. The therapeutic course in both groups was 4 weeks. Another 15 healthy subjects from the same region were taken as the healthy control. Changes of clinical symptoms and ECG were observed, and the serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid (LD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Ni were detected before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe ameliorative effects on symptoms, signs and ECG in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with healthy subjects, the serum levels of CK, LD, LDH and Ni were higher and the serum levels of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were lower in patients before treatment; after treatment, the decrease of serum CK, LD, LDH and Ni levels and increase of serum Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were more significant in the treatment group than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONFJG can decrease the serum Ni level, recover the activity of myocardial enzymes, thus to improve symptoms and abnormal ECG figures in CHD patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nickel ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Phytotherapy ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tangke Decoction (TD) on the expression of TGF-beta1/Smad4 of rats with early diabetes and to explore the effect and mechanism of TD against the renal injury induced by diabetes.

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (n = 12), the model group (n = 10), the Chinese herbs prevented group (n =10), the Chinese herbs treated group (n = 10), and the Western medicine control group (n = 10). TD (18 mg/kg) was given by gastrogavage to rats in the Chinese herbs prevented group immediately after successful modeling for 12 weeks, once daily. At the 4th week of successful modeling, rats in the rest 4 groups were administered by gastrogavage. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the model group and the normal control group. Benazepril suspension (1 mg/kg) was administered by gastrogavage to rats in the Western medicine control group for 8 weeks, once daily. TD (18 mg/kg) was given by gastrogavage to rats in the Chinese herbs treated group for 8 weeks, once daily. The body weight, kidney weight, index of kidney weight, fasting blood sugar, 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate were examined after experiment. The pathological changes of the renal tissue were observed by HE staining, Masson staining, and electron microscope. The expression of renal transforming growth factor-beta1, (TGF-beta1) and Smad4 were detected using immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the body weight of rats decreased significantly; the kidney weight, index of kidney weight, blood sugar, 24 h urinary protein excretion, the urinary albumin excretion rate,TGF-beta1 and Smad4 expression increased significantly in the model group (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the aforesaid indices were improved in each treatment group with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Western medicine control group, the kidney weight, index of kidney weight, blood sugar, 24 h urinary protein excretion, and the urinary albumin excretion rate were obviously improved in the Chinese herbs prevented group (P < 0.01). The renal pathological changes were most obvious in the model group significantly, but they were improved in all treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONTD could obviously improve the symptoms of diabetes and down-regulate the expression of renal TGF-beta1 and Smad4 of early diabetic nephropathy rats, which suggested that TD had certain preventive effect on early diabetic nephropathy.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smad4 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism