Objective To evaluate the risk factors for the postoperative acute renal failure requiring dialysis (ARF-D)after heart valve surgery. Methods Adult patients (age≤18 years) underwent valve surgery with preoperative serum creatinine ＜300 μmol/L were included between January 2005 and December 2008. Fifty patients developed ARF-D within 30 days postoperatively (ARF-D group). While random 220 patients had the same operation without ARF-D served as the control group. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify risk factors of ARF-D after valve surgery.Results The incidence of ARF-D was 1.78%, and the early mortality rate was 65.5%. Multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors of ARF-D: age, previous cardiac surgery, preoperative serum creatinine, NYHA class Ⅳ,and low cardiac output syndrome. ARF-D group had a longer hospital stay and ICU stay than that of the control group ( P ＜0.001 ). Conclusion Conclusion ARF-D had a higher mortality rate and longer hospital stay following heart valve surgery.Age, previous cardiac surgery, preoperative serum creatinine, NYHA class Ⅳ, and low cardiac output syndrome were the independent risk factors of ARF-D after heart valve surgery.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the number of copies of genes and congenital diaphragmatic hernia by the detection of multiple loci in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Methods Multiple loci were analyzed by Microarray analysis of Affymetrix Cytoscan 750 k in 11 neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, in whom 1 case was twins,and his fraternal twins were diagnosed of fetuse intestinal dilatation. Results A homozygous deletion (8 p11.22 arr[hg19]) was found in one neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and was eventually confirmed that the depolymerization of the biotin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 3A genes lead to homozygous deletion of the 1～15 exon. Conclusion The alteration of ADAM3A copy number may be the cause of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors on acute respiratory dysfunction caused death in patients after type A aortic dissection surgery.
Methods: A total of 223 patients who received aorta replacement surgery in our hospital from 2010-01 to 2012-12 were retrospectively studied. 80 patients suffered from post-operative acute respiratory dysfunction including 61 male and 19 female with the mean age of (49.2 ± 11.6) years. Those patients were divided into 2 groups as Death group, n=18 and Survival group, n=62. We analyzed the most relevant risk factors for death, such as gender, age, histories of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, Marfan syndrome;pre-operative acute or chronic dissection, hypoxemia, mal-perfusion, LVEDD and LVEF;CPB time, aortic-clamping time;post-operative ICU retention time, mechanical ventilation time, permanent neurologic dysfunction, pulmonary infection, MACE, renal failure, hypohepatia, septicemia and wound mal-healing, et al.
Results: The early post-operative (< 3 days) respiratory dysfunction rate was 35.8% and the mortality was 22.5%(18/80). The relevant risk factors of death included female gender (P=0.019), haemorrhage (P<0.01), mechanical ventilation time (P=0.011), permanent neurologic dysfunction (P=0.013), pulmonary infection (P=0.001), MACE (P=0.022), renal failure (P<0.01), hypohepatia (P<0.01) and septicemia (P=0.001). Female gender and renal failure were the independent risk factors for respiratory dysfunction caused death in patients after type A aortic dissection surgery.
Conclusion: The occurrence and mortality were high in patients after type A aortic dissection surgery especially in those with female gender and post-operative renal failure.

Objective To investigate the changes of thyroid function and carotid atherosclerosis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods A total of 110 stable MHD patients undergoing hemodialysis for at least three months were enrolled in the study.Serum free-T3 (FT3), free-T4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence.Plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected.Clinical data and biochemical indicators were collected.These patients were divided into thyroid dysfunction group and euthyroidism group.Prevalence of atherosclerosis was detected by carotid ultrasonography.The associations between the changes of thyroid function and carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed by Logistic regression model.Results Among these 110 patients, 42 (38.18％) patients had thyroid dysfunction.Hcy and CRP concentrations were significantly higher in thyroid dysfunction group than those in euthyroidism group (P ＜ 0.05).The intima-media thickness, number of plague and arteriostenosis of carotid were higher in thyroid dysfunction group than those in euthyroidism group (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased Hcy and CRP, decreased serum FT3 were independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis.Conclusions Thyroid dysfunction with low serum FT3 is frequently found in MHD patients.In MHD patients, FT3 is closely correlated to carotid atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the application of delayed sternal closure (DSC) following neonatal cardiac surgery.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 360 neonatal patients underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy in Guangdong General Hospital between June 2009 and June 2014.These neonates were divided into 2 groups:DSC group (190 cases) and non-DSC group(170 cases).Comparing the differences between 2 groups,we analysed the application of DSC following neonatal cardiac surgery and the effect of DSC on surgical site infection.Results The cardiopulmonary bypass time,cross clamp time and mechanical ventilation time were longer in DSC group than in non-DSC group.The mortality rate in the DSC group(20.53％) was markedly higher than that in the non-DSC group(5.29％).However,there was no statistical difference in the incidence of sternal wound infection between 2 groups.Conclusion As an effective treatment for neonates with severe cardiac surgery,DSC doesn' t increase the incidence of surgical site infection.

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Objective To analyze the risk factors of postoperative acute renal injury (AKI) for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection in 137 cases.Methods From January 2010 to December 2011,137 patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection were received surgical operations in our hospital.There were 106 males and 31 females with their mean age of(46.8 ± 13.1)years and mean weight of (69.9 ± 18.0) kg.The postoperative acute renal injury diagnosis was according to AKIN diagnosis standard of acute kidney injury network working group in 2005.All patients were received surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass,including 120 patients with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion.Among them,there were 54 cases with total arch replacement and 66 with right half arch replacement.The postoperative managements were include control the patients' mean arterial blood pressure at 80 to 90 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),supplement the blood volume timely,and correction of hypoxia and hypoproteinemia.The patients were received renal replacement therapy if still oliguria after medical treatments,or their blood creatinine raising continually more than 500 μmol/L.Results A total of 12 patients died in hospitalization with a total in-hospital mortality of 8.74％ (12/137).76 cases had AKI in the first day after operations,including 38 cases (27.7％) with stage Ⅰ and 21 cases (15.3％) with stage Ⅱ and 17 cases (12.4％) with stage Ⅲ.There were 36 patients have acute renal failure (ARF) with morbility of 26.3％ (36/137),and 34 patients among them were received renal replacement therapy.Single factor analysis showed that preoperative creatinine,total arch replacement,cardiopulmonary bypasstime,intraoperative day transfusion of concentrated red cells are risk factors of ARF.Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis showed that total arch replacement and preoperative creatinine abnormalities are independent risk factors for postoperative AFR.Conclusion Total arch replacement and preoperative creatinine abnormalities were independent risk factors of AFR for acute type A dissection after operation.

Objective To investigate the potential application of targeting at vascular endothelial growh factor (VEGF) induced apoptosis in leukemic cell lines by combined use of Bevacizumab and chemotherapeutic drug. Methods Leukemic cells were treated with several drugs at different concentrations in culture. The effect of VEGF, Bevacizumab and co-treated with Ara-C on leukemic cells proliferation were evaluated by CCK-8 and apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Results VEGF could enhance the proliferation of leukemic cells and caused a dose-dependent manner on U937 cell. It also increased the percentage of cells in S phase, tested by, and Bevacizumab group was decreased. Apoptotic rate of cells treated with Bevacizumab or co-treated with Bevacizumab and Ara-C for 48 h were significantly higher when compared with control or Ara-C group, respectively (P<0.05), but the apoptotic rate of VEGF group or VEGF and Ara-C group was lower (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in apoptotic rate between control and combined use of VEGF, Bevacizumab and Ara-C group(P>0.05). Conclusion VEGF could enhance the proliferation of some leukemic cells, and may contribute to leukemic cells survival and a resultant resistance to chemotherapy-triggered cell death. The study also showed that leukemic cells growth was significantly inhibited by Bevacizumab through directly against VEGF, and the sensitivity of leukemic cells for chemotherapeutic drug was increased.

Objective To summarize the characteristics and associated malformation of fetal isolate cleft palate in prenatal ultrasonography, and analyze the reason of ultrasound misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in isolate fetal cleft palate prenatally. Methods Systemic screening was performed with two-and three-dimensional ultrasonography in 3 576 cases. The fetal lip and plane were observed especially in nasolabial coronary plane, axial plane through maxilla, median sagittal plane, oblique coronal plane through oral cleft. Meanwhile the accompanied deformity were also screened. And prenatal ultrasound results were compared with postpartum ifndings. Results Eleven in 3 598 cases (0.31%, 11/3 598) were diagnosed as fetal isolate cleft palate by prenatal ultrasonography. The ultrasonic characteristics of isolate cleft palate were:(1) One case ofⅠ° cleft palate, the ultrasonic manifestations:in median sagittal plane, the hyperecho line of median palatine suture was disappeared, and the mucous membranes above and below it were complete;in oblique coronal plane of soft palate through oral cleft, the soft palate was complete and continuous;uvula couldn′t be displayed. (2) Three cases ofⅡ° cleft palate, the ultrasonic manifestations:in median sagittal plane though jaw, the hyperecho line of median palatine suture was shorter;the latter half and the midline of soft palate was disappeared;in both paramedian sagittal plane, the arc-shaped hyperecho line of median palatine suture were displayed;and longer than the hyperecho of midline of palate;in oblique coronal plane of hard palate through oral cleft, the ifrst half hyperecho line of hard palate was continuous, the middle of the latter half hyperecho line was interrupted;in oblique coronal plane of soft palate through oral cleft, the midline of soft palate was interrupted. 3D volume data analysis showed that the ifrst half hard palate was complete, the midline of the latter half hard palate and soft palate was interrupted. (3) Seven cases ofⅢ° cleft palate, the ultrasonic manifestations:in median sagittal plane, the hyperecho line of median palatine suture was disappeared;in oblique coronal plane of hard palate through oral cleft, the middle part echoes of the hard palate was interrupted;in oblique coronal plane of soft palate through oral cleft, the midline of soft palate was interrupted;oral and nasal cavity were communicated;the hyperecho of the vomer at the lower edge of the nasal septum could be displayed though oral cavity. 3D volume data analysis showed that hard palate and soft palate were interrupted. The hyperecho of the vomer at the lower edge of the nasal septum could be displayed clearly though oral cavity. Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis was conifrmed by postpartum ifndings. And 2 cases were misdiagnosed (0.06%, 2/3 598), 1 case was missed diagnosed (8.33%, 1/12). The incidence of isolate fetal cleft palate was 0.33%(12/3 598). In 12 cases of isolate fetal cleft palate, 11 cases were accompanied with other fetal deformities, including central nervous system malformations (6/12), small jaw (6/12), urinary tract malformation (5/12), hydramnios (2/12), and absence of amniotic lfuid (1/12). Conclusions Fetal secondary palate should be routinely included in the prenatal screening. When secondary palate planes weresuccessfully demonstrated, the isolate cleft palate could be detected. Prenatal diagnosis of the isolate cleft palate is contributive to prenatal counseling and risk assessment.

Objective:To evaluate immune response of murine peritoneal macrophage challenging by methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)after pretreatment with Pam3Csk4(TLR2 agonist).Methods: Murine peritoneal macrophage was pretreated with Pam3Csk4(1 μg/ml).Following pretreatment 12 h later,heat-killed MRSA( HK-MRSA) was added and incubated for another 2 or 6 hours.The protein and mRNA level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 were determined by ELISA and Q-PCR, respectively.To estimate phagocytosis of macrophage,HK-MRSA/MSSA labeled with FITC( FITC-HK-MRSA/MSSA) were added to well and incubated for 30 min.After washing 5 times with PBS,intracellular FITC-HK-MRSA was detected by flow cytometry.To estimate antimicrobal activity of macrophage,live MRSA and MSSA were added to well and incubated at indication time,the CFU of s.aureus was estimated via a 10-fold serial dilution on agar media.cDNA was further quantitative assessed using primers for mouse FCR-Ⅰ,FCR-Ⅲ,CR-1,CR-3,iNOS and LL37 by Q-PCR .Results: Compared with saline-pretreated cell, the protein and mRNA level of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 were markely reduced, respectively.However, both the phagocytosis and antimicrobal activity to S.aureus were significantly increased in macrophages pretreated with Pam3Csk4.Further study found that the macrophages had higher FCR-Ⅰ,FCR-Ⅲ,CR-1,CR-3,iNOS and LL37 expression at 6 h and 12 h post-stimulation Pam3Csk4.Conclusion: The results suggest that Pam3Csk4 could activate murine antimicrobal activity of peritoneal macrophage challenging by methicillin-resistant Saureus via increasing opsonophagocytosis in depended antibodies, complements manners.The results suggest Pam3Csk4 probably be a novel immunotherapy candidate against MRSA.