In order to study the treatment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was clinically applied to evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback training. Of all the 60 children with ADHD aged more than 6 years, the effective rate of EEG biofeedback training was 91.6% after 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback training. Before and after treatment by EEG biofeedback training, the overall indexes of IVA were significantly improved among predominately inattentive, hyperactive, and combined subtype of children with ADHD (P<0.001). It was suggested that EEG biofeedback training was an effective and vital treatment on children with ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*therapy ; Biofeedback (Psychology) ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Electroencephalography

Objective To investigate the effects of oxamate on concentrations of calcium in pancreatic cancer cells.Methods Pancreatic cancer cell panc-1 was cultured in vitro with oxamate for 48 h,then stained with Fluo-3/AM,and the light density of cells for different concentration of oxamate under confocal laser microscopy was observed.Results Oxamate influenced the concentration of calcium in panc-1,and this effect corresponded to the concentration of oxamate.Conclusions Oxamate can induce the increase of the concentration of calcium of panc-1,and then influence the cellular pathophysiologic process.

Objective To construct a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting LDH-A, and evaluate the effects on growth, apoptosis and the expression of LDH-A in PANC-1 cells. Method Three shRNAs targeting LDH-A were combined to pGCsilencer vector, and transfected into PANC-1 cells. The expression of LDH-A after transfected by the three shRNAs in pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 was detected by quantitative real time PCR. After tranfected by LDH shRNA-3 with the highest inhibited rate, cell growth was analyzed by MTT assay, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The LDH-A expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, LDH activity was observed with enzyme cytochemical method. Results The 2-AACt of LDH-A shRNA-3 was (0. 47 ± 0. 02), less than the untransfected pancreatic cancer cell(0. 71 ± 0. 01), the LDH-A shRNA-3 could inhibit the expression of the LDH-A most effectively. The growth of the pancreatic cancer cell was inhibited after 12 h transfected by LDH-A shRNA-3, all the absorbance value of transfected cell in 24 h,36 h,48 h,72 h decreased obviously compared to the untreated pancreatic cancer cell(P <0. 01). The apoptosis rate of the transfected cell increased to 61.74%. The inhibition of LDH-A expression in PANC-1 cells transfected by shRNA-3 was significantly and the activity of LDH reduced. Conclusion LDH-A shRNA inhibits the expression of LDH-A, the proliferation of cancer cells inducing the apoptosis of PANC-1 cells.

Summary: In order to study the treatment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was clinically applied to evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback training. Of all the 60 children with ADHD aged more than 6 years, the effective rate of EEG biofeedback training was 91.6 % after 40 sessions of EEG biofeedback training. Before and after treatment by EEG biofeedback training, the overall indexes of IVA were significantly improved among predominately inattentive, hyperactive, and combined subtype of children with ADHD (P<0.001). It was suggested that EEG biofeedback training was an effective and vital treatment on children with ADHD.

The protective effect of niacinamide on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced annulus fibrosus (AF) type II collagen degeneration in vitro and the mechanism were investigated. Chiba's intervertebral disc (IVD) culture models in rabbits were established and 48 IVDs from 12 adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, niacinamide-treated group, type II collagen degneration group (IL-1beta) and treatment group (niacinamide+IL-1beta). After culture for one week, AFs were collected for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cysteine containing aspartate specific protease-3 (Caspase-3) and type II collagen immunohistochemical examination, and type II collagen reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that rate of iNOS positive staining AF cells in the 4 groups was 17.6%, 10.9%, 73.9% and 19.3% respectively. The positive rate in treatment group was significantly lower than in the type II collagen degeneration group (P<0.01). Rate of Caspase-3 positive staining AF cells in the 4 groups was 3.4%, 4.2%, 17.6% and 10.3% respectively. The positive rate in treatment group was lower than in the type II collagen degeneration group (P<0.01). Type II collagen staining demonstrated that lamellar structure and continuity of collagen in treatment group was better reversed than in the degeneration group. RT-PCR revealed that the expression of type II collagen in treatment group was significantly stronger than that in type II collagen degeneration group (P<0.01). It was concluded that niacinamide could effectively inhibit IL-1beta stimulated increase of iNOS and Caspase-3 in AF, and alleviate IL-1beta-caused destruction and synthesis inhibition of type II collagen. Niacinamide is of potential for clinical treatment of IVD degeneration.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that energy metabolism-related genes play important roles in intervertebral disc (IVD) cell adaptation to negative environmental factors, such as hypoxia and insufficiency of nutrient. But the effects of these genes in pressure-induced intervertebral disc degeneration remain uncertain.OBJECTTVE: To investigate continuous pressure-induced expression of energy metabolism genes: hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-lo), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rabbit annulus fibrosus (AF).DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: The Central Laboratory and the Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory and the Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from May to October 2005. Twenty-five Japanese white rabbits(about 4 months old, weighting 2.5-3.0 kg, provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology) were selected to establish the animal model.METHODS: A controllable pressure-induced rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration model was adopted to impose various pressured on rabbit IVDs in vivo. The survived animals whose IVDs were compressed successfully were divided randomly into 4 groups. The IVDs were treated with no pressure as control (control group), with 15 kg axial load for 24 hours (24hours group), 72 hours (72 hours group), and 24 hours with 48 hours free for self-reparation (reparation group). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1. Western Blot and immunohistochemical test were carried out for the content and distribution of VEGF.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1, content and distribution of VEGF.RESULTS: Twenty of 25 rabbits entered result analysis. Two rabbits were missed because of vertebral fracture, while death of 3 rabbits within 1-3 days postoperatively caused another loss. ①HIF-1α. A very low expression was detected in the control group, while the expression in the 24 hours group was raised over 20 times than that in the control group (t=25.022, P＜0.01). The expression in the 72 hours group and reparation group decreased as compared with the 24hours group. ②GLUT-1 expressed weakly in the control group. The expression in the 24 hours group rose a lot as compared with the control group (t=18.314, P＜0.01) and the expression in the 72 hours group rose slightly than that in the 24 hours group (t =2.819, P＜0.05). The expression in the reparation group is close to that in the 24 hours group. ③Littie VEGF content was detected in the control group, while the content rose significantly in the other 3 groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed more VEGF positive stained cells in outer AF than in inner AF.CONCLUSION: Continuous pressure can strongly up-regulate the expression of energy metabolism gene: HIF-1α,GLUT-1 and VEGF in vivo. These genes play important roles in AF adaptation and reparation in over load-caused damage.

Objective: To investigate HDAC5 expression in gastric cancer cell lines and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of the gastric cancer line SGC-7901. Methods: The expression patterns of HDAC5 and Twist1 in gastric cancer cell lines and normal gastric mucosal cells were detected by Western blot. The effects of HDAC5 and Twist1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: The expression of HDAC5 and Twist1 in gastric cancer cell lines were significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosal cells (P<0.05). HDAC5 knockdown significantly down-regulated Twist1 expression,inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells, whereas HDAC5 overexpression exhibited an opposite effect (P<0.05). Moreover, Twist1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion:HDAC5 may promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by upregulating Twist1 expression, thus promoting the initiation and development of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: It has reported that nicotinamide is capable of protecting intervertebral disc (IVD) against interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced degeneration. However, the protective mechanism of nicotinamide on IVD cells apoptosis and proliferation remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate regulatory effects of nicotinamide on rabbit nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and proliferation in vitro.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized control grouping design, which was carried out in the Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from April to October 2007.MATERIALS: Ten Japanese white rabbits (aged 2-3 months weighing 1.5-2.0 kg) were used in this study. Furthermore, nucleus pulposus cells obtained from L1-6 lumbar spine were harvested and cultured for further experiments.METHODS: The NP cells were divided into 6 groups, including control group (without any drug as control), nicotinamide group (0.5 g/L nicotinamide), IL-1β group (10 μg/L IL-1β), IL-1β + caspase group (10 μg/L IL-1β and non-specific caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK), IL-1β + small-dose nicotinamide group (10 μg/L IL-1β and 0.05 g/L nicotinamide), and IL-1β + large-dose nicotinamide group (10 μg/L IL-1β and 0.5 g/L nicotinamide). After 3 days of culture, the cells were examined with Annexin V-PI staining, caspase-3, 8 and 9 activity staining and MTT assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The apoptotic rates, the positive rates of caspase-3, 8 and 9 activity staining and the absorbance of MTT assay of each group.RESULTS: ① As compared to IL-1β group, the apoptotic rates were decreased in the IL-1β + caspase group and IL-1β + large-dose nicotinamide group (P < 0.01). ②As compared to IL-1β group, the positive rates of caspase-3, 8 and 9 activity staining were decreased in the IL-1β + caspase group, IL-1β + large-dose and small-dose nicotinamide groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.01). ③As compared to IL-1β group, the absorbance was increased in the IL-1β + caspase group and IL-1β + large-dose nicotinamide group (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Nicotinamide is capable of promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting IL-1β induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. The inhibition of apoptosis mainly acts via inhibition of the mitochondrial pathway.

In order to investigate the apoptotic pathway of rabbit annulus fibrosus (AF) cells induced by mechanical overload, an experimental air-pressure model was established in this study to pressurize the rabbit AF cells in vitro. Cells were randomly divided into five groups in which the cells were exposed to a continuous pressure of 1.1 MPa for different lengths of time (0, 5, 12, 24 and 36 h). The cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry; the alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer; the activities of caspase-8 and 9 were determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that after the cells were subjected to the pressure for 24 or 36 h, the cell proliferation was inhibited; the ratio of cell apoptosis was increased; the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased; the activity of caspase-9 was enhanced; no activity changes were observed in caspase-8. The results suggested that treatment with a pressure of 1.1 MPa for more than 24 h can lead to the proliferation inhibition and the apoptosis of rabbit AF cells in vitro, and the mitochondrial-dependent pathway is implicated in the pressure-induced AF cell apoptosis.

Objective:To differentiate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among different indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) subtypes. The correlation between indolent B-NHL and hepatitis viral infection was also investi-gated. Methods:A total of 733 indolent B-NHL patients from January 1994 to January 2014 with integrated clinical information were retrospectively investigated. We compared the hepatitis viral infection between the general population and indolent B-NHL patients. We analyzed the infection rate of hepatitis virus in the different indolent B-NHL subtypes and examined their correlations. Results:The HBs-Ag positive rate of the indolent B-NHL was 7.9%, which was not significantly different with that of the general population (7.9%vs. 7.2%, P=0.548). Among the different indolent B-NHL subtypes, the 48 splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) patients exhibited the highest HBs-Ag positive rate, which was significantly higher than those of the general population (18.8%vs. 7.2%, P=0.002), other indo-lent B-NHL subtypes (18.8%vs. 7.2%, P=0.004), and other marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) patients (18.8%vs. 7.1%, P=0.005). The HBs-Ag positive rates between other B-NHL subtypes and the general population were not significantly different. The coexpression of HBs-Ag, HBe-Ag, and anti-HBc-Ab exhibited no significant difference among the various B-NHL subtypes. However, the co-expres-sion of HBs-Ag, HBe-Ab, and anti-HBc-Ab was significantly higher in the SMZL group than the other B-NHL subtypes (16.7%vs. 4.7%, P<0.001).The positive rate of the anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) was 1.9%in 733 indolent B-NHL patients, which was significant-ly higher than in the general population (1.9%vs. 0.4%, P<0.001). The HCV-Ab positive rates in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lym-phoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia, SMZL, hairy cell leukemia, nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma group were 2.2%, 2.5%, 4.2%, 3%, and 3.7%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those of the general population. Preva-lence rates of HCV in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, unclassified, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associat-ed tissue lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, and follicular lymphoma groups were not significantly different compared with the general population. Conclusion:Prevalence rate of HBV was higher in the SMZL group than other indolent B-NHL groups, which suggests that HBV infection may play an etiologic role in SMZL.