A growing body of evidence has indicated the important role of autophagy receptors in directing ubiquitinated or non-ubiquitinated cargos towards autophagy. Autophagy receptors bind to LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) on phagophore and autophagosome membranes, and recognize signals on cargoes in the delivery system of autophagy. However, the diverse domains in the receptor structures determine that their roles would never be limited to autophagy. Up to date, increasing numbers of the receptor proteins have been demonstrated to serve as a molecular link or switch participating in autophagic degradation, apoptosis or cell survival signals. Here, we highlight the non-autophagic roles of these receptor proteins to draw attention to this growing research topic.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for discriminating nonmetastatic from metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer.Methods IVIM was performed preoperatively on 66 patients with lung cancer during October 2015 to June 2016 in Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.Preoperative examination including the chest MRI scan,chest CT,head MRI,bone scan-ning and the cardiopulmonary function.None of the patients was undergone any kind of treatment about the cancer before the examinations,the neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy,immunotherapy and gene targeted therapy were included.Measured the short axis diameter and the IVIM parameters of the mediastinal lymph nodes,apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),diffusion coefficient(D),pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D *),and perfusion fraction(f).All the patients underwent the lobectomy or wedge resection and lymph node dissection or systematic sampling.By comparing the IVIM parameters of the nonmetastatic and metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes according to the pathological examination,draw the ROC curves to find the best cutoff value for diagnosis.And 42 cases were used to comparing the value of the MRI and CT in differential diagnosis.Results MRI measured 184 groups mediastinal lymph nodes,including 164 groups without metastasis,20 groups with metastasis.The ADC,D,D *,f values and short axis diameter of the nonmetastatic lymph nodes(n =164) were(2.880 ± 0.785) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.670 ± 0.179) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.383 ± 0.123) × 10-3 mm2/s,0.422 ± 0.119,(6.546 ± 1.932) mm,respectively,and (1.897 ±0.657) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.472 ±0.210) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.354 ±0.130) × 10-3 mm2/s,0.412 ±0.090,(7.510 ± 2.773) mm respectively for the metastatic lymph nodes (n =20).The ADC and D value of the nonmetastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher than the metastatic lymph nodes(P ＜0.01).While the other paraneters(D *,f,and short axis diameter) between the two groups did not show significantly different.Optimal cutoff values(area under the curve,sensitivity,and specificity) for distinguishing metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes were as follows:ADC =1.890 × 10-3 mm2/s (0.871,92.7％,80.0％);and D =0.648 × 10-3mm2/s(0.740,70.0％,84.1％).Conclusion IVIM is useful to distinguish metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes in lung cancer.The ADC and the D values are significant higher in metastatic lymph nodes,which more sensitive than the other parameters(D *,f,and short axis diameter).As a result,IVIM can be used in the N-stage diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adult ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Leiomyosarcoma ; pathology ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate CT in the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction in children. Methods Thirty one cases with small bowel obstruction manifestations on CT and plain radiograph were analysed. The age ranged from 9 months to 14 years, male 17 cases, female 14 cases. There were 29 acute small bowel obstructions, and 2 chronic obstruction. Seven cases had history of previous abdominal operation. Results Corred diagnosis was made in 19 cases and 29 cases respectively by plain film and CT. The accurate etiologic diagnosis could be made by CT in 18 cases, including small bowell stone 4 cases, intussusception, 5 localized infection and adhesion 6 intraluminal bowel duplication, 1 congenital umbilical hernia, congenital malrotation of the intestine 1 case.Combined with history of abdominal operation the accurate CT etiologic diagnosis increased to 25 cases.There were 4 CT false negative cases and 2 plain film false negative cases. Conclusion The CT is obviously superior to plain radiograph in detecting strangulation and gas in bowel wall,better dilineating the transitional segment of bowel stenosis thereby demonstrating the case of obstruction which is very helpful for clinical management.

Objective To understand the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and pet-breeding and hygienic status. Methods One or two districts were chosen from Jining City, Za-ozhuang City and Linyi City as study areas and the questionnaire surveys were carried out for hygienic status, etc. The pet-breeders and non-pet-breeders were paired by sex, age, living place and occupation so on in a ratio of one to one. Blood samples taken from each were tested for antibodies against T. gondii with ELISA in a double-blind method. Results The total infection rate was 14. 25%, much higher than that investigated ten years ago (1. 53%). The mean positive infection rate was 19.91% in the pet-breeding groups and 8.60% in the control groups (x2 = 11.57, P

Objective To evaluate the impact of comorbidity and age on the tolerance of firstline single-agent chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Clinical data of 61 elderly patients with advanced NSCLC(aged over 70 years,median age 72 years) receiving first-line single agent chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed in this study.Performance status(PS) between 0-1 score was in 52 patients,PS 2 score in the other 9 patents.Patients were treated with gemcitabine or docitaxel as the first line chemotherapy,and the median number of chemotherapy cycles was 3.4.Comorbidity was assessed by Charlson comorbidity index (CC1).Patients with CCI equal to 0 were classified as non comorbidity group(n=26),and patients with CCI≥1 were classified as comorbidity group(n=35).Adverse reactions were graded by using the criteria of NCI-CTC v3.0.Results Age and PS could not predict adverse effects of grade 3 or 4.The incidence of hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 was higher in comorbidity group than in noncomorbidity group(40.0％ vs.15.4％,x2 =4.36,P=0.037).The incidences of febrile neutropenia,non hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 and treatment suspension were higher in comorbidity group than in non-comorbidity group.The most common types of comorbidity were diabetes and chronic pulmonary disease.The incidence of non-hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 was increased in patients with chronic pulmonary disease as compared with patients without chronic pulmonary disease(41.4 ％vs.11.5％,x2=6.061,P=0.032).Conclusions The incidences of adverse reactions,especially hematologic toxicity of grade 3 or 4 are significantly increased in patients with comorbidity after singleagent chemotherapy.Evaluation of comorbidity before treatment is helpful to predict the tolerance of single-agent chemotherapy in elderly NSCLC patients.

To study the benefits of autogenous bone marrow transplantation on the blood circulation of lower-extremity with diabetic arterial sclerosis and obstruction. A total of 28 patients of diabetic arterial sclerosis and obstruction treated with autogenous bone marrow transplantation, were recruited in this study from June 2003 to June 2006. Ankle-brachium index and Doppler alterations were observed before operation and 30 days after operation. Results showed that, the ankle-brachium index and circulation state of Doppler had significantly increased at 30 days after operation compared to before operation (P

Objective To investigate doctor-patient communication skills status and the influencing factors so as to pu forward to develop the proposal.Methods We selected undergraduate students in fourth grade which participated in the 2012 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine OSCE examinations before practice of clinical medicine by cluster sampling 1 and we selected four western and chinese medicine hospitals randomly sample 2,which are three level of first-class hospitals in Shanghai.We design the questionnaire and observe sampling with the SEGUE framework.Application of SPSS 13.0 data for statistical analysis,descriptive statistics analysis,u test,t test,ANOVA,rank sum test and correlation analysis method.Results The test with SEGUE framework shows that the scores of samplingl were 12.54 points(out of 24),the score rate is low which was 52.25％,and in the score rate of the dimensions,the end of inquiry dimension is 4％ which is the lowest.There are significant statistical differences between different groups of influencing factors such as Medical occupation interest score and so on.There is no statistically significant difference between the SEGUE score of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine clinical Intern.The communication skills of western medical students are higher.Doctor-patient communication skills related factors such as recognition of the importance of doctor-patient communication skills and other groups are statistically significant,the correlation coefficients are very small which is between 0.1 and 0.3.Conclusion The overall level of doctor-patient communication skills on clinical internship are not high,through the guidance and training on the occupation interest of medical students,we can strengthen the recognition of the importance of doctor-patient communication skills,so that we will improve the doctor-patient communication skills for the medical students.SEGUE framework should be used to routine medical students communication skills evaluation.

A satisfaction survey carried out by Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, found differences of patient satisfaction between locals and overseas patients in consulting environment, outpatient procedure, quality of service, quality of diagnosis and treatment. The patient satisfaction of overseas patients was lower than locals. Especially noteworthy is the low satisfaction of the former for the hospital coloring, privacy in the sector, registration, vocal communication, patient condition statement, nurse attitude and service quality. Real-time improvement in these aspects of medical services has harvested obvious progress. Results of the satisfaction survey provided valuable reference materials for large-scale activities, and ongoing improvement of medical services in the long run.