Full ceramic restorations become more and more popular for their excellent properties. Bond strength between ceramic and composite resin cement is the key factor to success in clinical use. This paper illuminated the importance of ceramic surface treatments and reviewed recent progresses on ceramic surface treatments. The difference of bond strength caused by different dental materials was discussed too.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of surface modification with different concentration silica sol through sol-gel processing on bond strength between dental zirconia ceramic and resin cement. Methods:Silica coating was prepared by colloidal silica sol with concentrations of 20%,30%,40% on dental Zirconia ceramic. 32 discs zirconia ceramic specimens were fabricated and randomly divided into four groups respectively after polishing and sandblasting.The ceramic surfaces of different groups were received different treatments:(1)silane couple agent;(2)20% silica coating and silane couple agent;(3)30%silica coating and silane couple agent;(4) 40% silica coating and silane couple agent. Each ceramic block was bonded to light curing composite resin. All samples were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees for 24 h before a shear bond test to measure the bond strength of the resin cement to the ceramic surface. Scanning electrical microscopy (SEM) and energy depressive spectrum (EDS) were used to analyze the silica coating. Results:Contents of surface silicon increased after modification with silica coating prepared by sol-gel method. Bond strengths of groups with silica coating were significantly higher(P

Objective To assess the diagnostic and preoperative classification value of MSCT after administration of water orally and meglumine diatrizoate enema in diagnosis of colonic neoplasms.Methods The day before examination,40 patients with colon carcinoma had a liquid diet and rountine clean enema,then underwent MSCT scan after administration of water orally and 2% meglumine diatrizoate enema.CT findings were analysed in comparison with postoperative pathologic features.Results There were 2 cases of rectal neoplasms,7 cases of sigmoid colon,6 cases of descending colon,5 cases of transeverse colon,and 20 cases of ascending colon cancer.According to Dukes' staging way,the lesions were B stage in 22 cases,C stage in 12 cases and D stage in 6 cases,the rate corresponding to operation was 89.6%.Conclusion MSCT scan after administration of water orally and 2% meglumine diatrizoate enema in diagnosis of colonic neoplasms has great value.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sodium ferulate on phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27(HSP27) in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and platelet derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB).METHODS: Cultured VSMCs derived from rat thoracic aorta were used.The activity of HSP27 was evaluated by Western blotting with specific phospho-HSP27 antibody.RESULTS: The phosphorylation of HSP27 in response to AngⅡ and PDGF-BB was suppressed by sodium ferulate in a dose-dependent manner,with maximal inhibition rates of 39.0%(P

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy of thoracoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer and its influence on the expression of trigger receptor-1 (TRE-1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1).Methods:A total of 68 patients with esophageal cancer who were admitted to First People′s Hospital of Ningyang from June 2016 to June 2019 were selected and divided into thoracoscope radical surgery group and raditional surgery group by stratified sampling method, with 34 cases in each group. The thoracoscopic radical surgery group was treated with thoracoscopic radical surgery, and the traditional surgery group was treated with traditional open radical esophageal cancer surgery with neck, chest, and abdominal incisions. The levels of inflammatory factors, immune function, lung function indexes, TREM-1, TRAP1 expression and complications of the two groups were observed and compared.Results:Before operation, the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 d after operation, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 in two groups were increased and the levels of above index in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were lower than those in the traditional surgery group: (23.21 ± 0.32) mg/L vs. (29.69 ± 0.48) mg/L, (232.15 ± 23.64) ng/L vs. (246.73 ± 25.89) ng/L, (0.64 ± 0.19) ng/L vs. (0.89 ± 0.21) ng/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Before operation, the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 d after operation, the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+ decreased and the level of CD 4+/CD 8+ increased, and the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 4+/CD 8+ in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were higher than those in the traditional surgery group: (46.78 ± 1a2.43)% vs. (41.32 ± 9.36)%, (46.12 ± 9.68)% vs. (41.59 ± 7.98)%, (27.42 ± 4.27)% vs. (21.38 ± 3.16)%, 1.47 ± 0.46 vs. 1.25 ± 0.27, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Before operation, the levels of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1/FVC in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 day after operation, the levels of FEV 1, FVC, FEV 1/FVC in two groups decreased, and the levels of FEV 1, FVC, FEV 1/FVC in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were higher than those in the traditional surgery group: (2.37 ± 0.72) L vs. (1.82 ± 0.53) L, (3.34 ± 1.06) L vs. (2.43 ± 0.82) L, (62.47 ± 15.26)% vs. (53.67 ± 12.28)%, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05).Before operation, the expression of TREM-1 and TRAP1 in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 d after operation, the expression of TREM-1in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group was higher than that of traditional surgery group: (141.56 ± 34.69 vs. 121.54 ± 22.75); the expression of TRAP1 was lower than that of the traditional surgery group: (1.63 ± 0.51 vs. 2.11 ± 0.64), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate of the thoracoscopic radical surgery group was lower than that of the traditional surgery group:5.88%(2/34) vs. 23.53%(8/34), and there was statistical difference ( χ2=4.221, P=0.040). Conclusions:The short-term efficacy of thoracoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer is better than that of the traditional surgery group, which can increase the expression of TREM-1, reduce the expression of TRAP1, and reduce the inflammatory response and the impact on the immune function.

Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint(SCJ) is a rare condition and accounts for 0.5％-1.0％ of septic arthritis.SCJ infections often require surgical intervention.Diabetes mellitus,rheumatoid arthritis,intravenous drug use,intraarticular injection and immunosuppressive disorders are predisposing factors.Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common bacteriologies.Early diagnosis of SCJ infection requires a high index of suspicion and a confirmatory CT or MRI scan.The characteristic imaging features include intramedullary and soft tissue gas,sequestra,soft tissue swelling and destruction or widening of joint space.Management strategies have ranged from conservative antibiotic therapy to en-bloc resection of the sternoclavicular joint with or without ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle transposition.The shoulder function in most patients were well preserved.

Objective To establish normal reference ranges for serum cystatin C (Cys C)in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞50 years)Chinese individuals.Methods A total of 1087 candidates were consecutively selected and serum Cys-C levels were measured by transmission turbidimetry.Frequency analysis and histogram were used to establish the 95％ confidence reference range according to methods provided by CLSI (C28-A2).Results Based on the definition and verification procedures for clinical laboratory reference ranges(CLSI C28-A2,second edition),Cys-C levels of 1087 participants fell within the range of 0.30-1.55 mg/L;Male participants had higher serum Cys-C levels than female participants(Z=-10.19,P＜0.01).The serum Cys-C level increased with age,regardless of gender(R =0.600,P＜ 0.01).Differences in Cys-C levels between age groups were statistically significant (x2=411.17,P＜ 0.01).The reference ranges of normal serum Cys-C levels for different age groups (50-,55-,60-,65-,70-,75-,) were 0.42-0.98mg/L,0.45-1.04mg/L,0.47-1.34mg/L,0.46-1.38mg/L,0.61-1.33mg/L,0.61-1.28 mg/L,respectively,for males,and 0.39-0.94mg/L,0.42-1.01mg/L,0.40-0.91mg/L,0.46-1.03mg/L,0.57-1.04mg/L,0.55-1.27mg/L,respectively,for females.Conclusions This study established preliminary normal serum Cys-C reference ranges for healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞ 50 years)individuals in this region,which can serve as parameters for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

BACKGROUND:Amputation is a special type of trauma. Mechanism of trauma-induced damage to the liver and the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on the liver remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of hepatic damage in rats of postoperative amputation, and how H 2 S exerts effects on liver function.
METHODS:Wistar rats and Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into normal group, postoperative 6-, 12-, 24-and 72-hour groups, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group, and propargyl glycine group, as wel as normal group, postoperative 6-hour group, HaHS group, and propargyl glycine group. Except the normal group, the structure 1.2-1.4 cm above the left knee was completely transected in rats of other groups. Blood vessels were ligated, and then left femoral vein and femoral artery were cut to establish rat models of amputation in the left hind limb. In the NaHS and propargyl glycine groups, 28 μmol/kg NaHS and 50 mg/kg propargyl glycine were intraperitoneal y injected immediately after amputation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group, traumatic changes in rat liver cel s and mitochondrial structure were seen, and plasma and liver myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, H 2 S/cystathionineγ-lyase levels, liver mitochondrial respiratory control rate, membrane potential and ATP activity were significantly lower in the postoperative 6-hour groups (P<0.05). After NaHS intervention, H 2 S/cystathionineγ-lyase level and above indicators were significantly higher in the postoperative 6-hour groups (P<0.05), but plasma transaminase did not significantly alter (P>0.05). After treatment with propargyl glycine, above indicators except mitochondrial indexes were further decreased, and transaminase was significantly reduced (P<0.05). These findings suggest that H 2 S can reduce lipid peroxidation, inflammatory reaction, and make the mitochondrial function improved significantly, but did not reduce the damage of liver function in rat models after amputation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between insulin resistance with female overactive bladder (OAB) .Meth‐ods 96 female patients with OAB were selected as the observation group and contemporaneous 92 women with healthy physical ex‐amination were taken as the control group .The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ,triglycerides (TG) ,total cholesterol (TC) ,high‐den‐sity lipoprotein (HDL‐C) ,low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) ,fasting insulin (FINS) ,and C reaction protein (CRP) levels were measured in the two groups .The insulin resistance index was calculated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) .Results The waist circumference ,body mass ,body mass index (BMI) ,hypertension cases and proportion of meno‐pause cases in the observation group were higher than those in the control group .FPG ,TG ,FINS ,CRP levels and HOMA‐IR in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ,while the HDL‐C level was lower than that in the con‐trol group .In addition ,the differences in TC and LDL‐C levels between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) . Conclusion Insulin resistance has no correlation with female OAB .

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on inflammatory and oxidative damage of myocardium due to stress after amputation,and explore the relationship between H2S signal pathway and inflammatory and oxidative damage.Methods Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats(weighing 260-300g) were randomly divided into 4 groups(7 each):control group,trauma group,NaHS group and PPG group.Rat model of traumatic stress was established in the rats in the 3 latter groups,and the animals were sacrificed 6 hours after modeling.The rats in control group were also sacrificed at the same time point.Rats in NaHS and PPG group respectively received intraperitoneal injection of NaHS(28?mol/kg) or PPG(50mg/kg).The level of H2S in plasma was measured by sensitive sulphur electrode,the activity of CSE in myocardium was determined by methylene blue method,myeloperoxidase(MPO) in plasma and myocardium was measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and malondialdehyde(MDA) in plasma and myocardium was measured by TBA method.Results Compared with the control group,the content of H2S in plasma decreased,MPO and MDA in plasma and myocardium increased 6 hours after amputation(trauma group).Compared with the trauma group,the contents of H2S and MPO in plasma and the activity of CSE in myocardium increased,MDA in plasma and MPO and MDA in myocardium decreased in NaHS group,while the contents of H2S and MPO in plasma and the activity of CSE in myocardium decreased,MDA in plasma and MPO and MDA in myocardium increased in PPG group.Conclusion Inflammatory and oxidation injuries may occur in rat's myocardium after amputation,and H2S can offer a protective effect on myocardium by decreasing inflammatory and oxidative damage.