Abstract: Objective　To analyze the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in blood samples of children and adults from 50 hospitals in Shandong Province, and to understand the drug sensitivity characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI), so as to provide reference for clinical experience. Methods　The distribution and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood samples from 50 hospitals in Shandong province from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed based on the Cooperative Research Network of Pediatric Bacterial and Fungal Resistance Monitoring in Shandong Province. Meanwhile, the drug sensitivity characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus were divided into children group (<14 years old) and adult group (≥14 years old). The data were analyzed by Whonet 5.6 and SPSS 22.0 with reference to CLSI 2021 M100 document standard judgment results. Results　A total of 3 661 Staphylococcus aureus strains were collected from 50 medical institutions in Shandong Province, including 675 in 2017, 870 in 2018, 1 080 in 2019, and 1 036 in 2020. The drug resistance rates of multiple antibiotics in blood culture methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) group and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) group were significantly different (P<0.05). There were significant differences in antibiotic resistance rates between adult group and children group (P<0.05). The overall detection rate of MRSA was 27.5%, and no staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline were found. Conclusion　The detection rate of MRSA strains decreased continuously and increased by 2020. The detection rate of MRSA in adult group was lower than that in children group, suggesting that we should pay attention to the monitoring of bacterial resistance in children group, to the management of multiple resistant bacteria and rational use of antibacterial drugs.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To investigate the potential relationship between initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and treatment outcomes. Methods From 1997 to 2009, 41 patients with DTC lung metastases were treated in the authors' department. 131Ⅰ whole body scan (WBS), serum Tg levels and other imaging results were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was considered to be effective. The x2 test and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 11.5 software package. Results 131 Ⅰ treatment was effective in 63% (26/41) patients with DTC lung metastases, CR in 8 patients and PR in 18 patients. In other 37% ( 15/41 ) patients, 131Ⅰ treatment was ineffective, including one case died of distant metastases. Patients with initial presence of 131Ⅰ lung uptake had higher effective rate than those with 131Ⅰ lung uptake during the second or later 131Ⅰ treatment (76% (22/29)vs33% (4/12),x2 =4.911, P=0.027). Also, significantly higher effective rate was found in patients with lung metastases alone than those with extra-pulmonary metastases (75% (24/32) vs 22% (2/9), x2 = 6. 312, P =0.012). However, the effective rate in patients with diffuse metastases was not significantly different from that in patients with focal metastases (67% (12/18)vs 61% ( 14/23), x2 =0. 146, P=0.702). The positive rate of initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases was higher in patients with total thyroidectomy than those with partial thyroidectomy (83% (24/29) vs 42% (5/12) ). Those positive rates in patients with papilary DTC and patients with follicular DTC were 72% (23/32) and 6/9, respectively. The surgical mode was correlated with the initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases (r = 0.411, P ＜ 0.05), but no correlation was found between the histological type and the initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases ( r = 0. 047, P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Initial uptake of 131 Ⅰ by lung metastases alone is a favorable prognostic factor for DTC patients treated by131Ⅰ, and total thyroidectomy may be beneficial for initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases.

Objective To investigate whether the monthly distribution of birth was associated with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods The monthly distribution of birth of 5 070 patients with CHD who accepted examination or treatment from Jan.2003 to Dec.2006 was investigated and compared with that of 6 627 healthy newborn children born in 2001-2006.The statistic analysis was accomplished with SPSS 12.0 software for ?2 test.Results Four hundred and forty-four of the 5 070 patients with CHD were born in January(8.8%),432 cases in February(8.5%),384 cases in March(7.6%),339 cases in April(6.7%),390 cases in May(7.7%),393 cases in June(7.8%),414 cases in July(8.2%),489 cases in August(9.6%),498 cases in September(9.8%),492 cases in October(9.7%),396 cases in November(7.8%),and 399 cases in December(7.8%).The structural ratio of the number of CHD patients were the highest for those who were born in August,September,October,and the lowest among those who were born of February and March,April.The number of CHD patients who were born in the autumnal months of August,September and October was 1 479(29.1%),much higher than those who were born in February,March and April(1 155 cases,22.8%)(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of total flavonoids of astragalus on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, calumenin and connecxin 43 (CX43) in suckling mouse myocardium with myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3).

METHODSThe primary culture of suckling mouse myocardium cells were randomly divided into control group, CVB3 infected group and total flavonoids of astragalus group. Firstly, to confirm the identity of the suckling mouse myocardium, α-SMA was monitored by immunohistochemistry method. Then the protein expression changes of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone-glucose regulatory protein 78 ( GRP78), calumenin and CX43 were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) Compared with that of the control group, the GRP78 expression level in CVB3 infected group was improved, the expression levels of calumenin and CX43 were all reduced. (2) Compared with that of CVB3 infected group, GRP78 expression level was decreased, and the expression levels of calumenin and CX43 were increased in total flavonoids of astragalus group.

CONCLUSIONCVB3 infection may cause endoplasmic reticulum stress of rat myocardium cells by increasing the expression of GRP78 and decreasing the expression of calumenin and CX43. On the other hand, total flavonoids of astragalus can reduce the expression of GRP78 and increase the expression of calumenin and CX43.The results of this experiment may be closely related to the effects of anti-arrhythmia with viral myocarditis caused by CVB3.

Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Myocardium ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; virology ; Rats

Humanin(HN,its analogue [Gly14]-Humanin,HNG)was originally identified as an endogenous peptide that protects neuronal cells from apoptosis induced by various types of Alzheimer's disease-related insults.But the relative low content of this peptide in its natural sources limits its further characterization.An expression vector pET32a/HNG was corstructed and transformed it into E.coli BL21 trxB(DE3).HNG was expressed as a fusion protein in the soluble fraction and was purified by nickel affinity chromatography.Subsequently,the purified fusion protein was cleaved by enterokinase and was further purified by reverse-phase HPLC.A 23 mg recombinant HNG(rHNG)from 1 L bacterial culture was purified.The molecular weight of rHNG determined by ESI-MS was 2876.5 Da which was the expected size for correctly processed peptide.The N-terminal amino acid sequence of rHNG determined by Edman degradation method is identical to the theoretical sequence.Neuroprotective bioassay studies of rHNG exhibited its potential neuroprotective effect comparable to that of the natural HNG peptide.

Psychrotrophs were isolated by using four media from low-temperature sewage of sewage treatment plant in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Totally, 154 strains were obtained including 12 filamentous fungi, 46 yeasts, 6 actinomycetes and 90 bacteria. The results of tolerance tests of the isolates to salt, phenol and SDS, and enzyme producing characters of amylase, proteinase and esterase were shown. Then 60 bacterial strains were chosen for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. The blasting results showed that the strains were assigned to 13 recognized genera , and the Strain 39 exhibited 96.6% similarity to Acinetobacter lwoffii(DSM2403), indicating that it might be a novel species. These results suggested that there were a lot of psychrotrophs and rich bacterial diversity in low-temperature sewage. In addition, which maybe an important and potential library of microbial resources.

Objective To measure the concentration of serum transthyretin (TTR) of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods A total of 176 patients with diabetes mellitus were included in this study.There were 104 males and 72 females.The patients aged from 21 to 74 years,with the mean age of(56± 11) years.The diabetes duration raged from 1 to 30 years,with the mean diabetes duration of (10 ± 7) years.The HbA 1C was 5.2％-14.1％,with the mean HbA 1C of (8.6 ± 2.0)％.According to the fundus examination,58 patients had DR (33.0％),but the other 118 patients not (67.0％).For these DR patients,10 patients were in stage Ⅰ (5.7％),26 patients in stage Ⅱ (14.8％),8 patients in stage Ⅲ (4.5％),and 14 patients in stage Ⅳ (8.0％).The concentration of serum TTR was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay kit.The differences in the concentration of serum TTR between different DR stages were compared.Bivariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of TTR.Results The concentrations of serum TTR of the patients without DR or with DR of stage Ⅰ to Ⅳ were (224.96±65.47),(383.68± 102.99),(247.44±63.21),(228.2 ± 45.89),(189.34± 70.12) mg/L,respectively.The difference between different DR stages was statistically significant (F=14.690,P＜ 0.001).Bivariate analysis showed that the concentration of TTR was correlation to DR (r=0.179,P=0.017).There was no correlation between the concentration of TTR and diabetes duration (r=-0.027,P=0.727),hypertension (r=0.018,P=0.810),hyperlipoidemia (r=0.101,P=0.182),and the use of insulin (r=-0.032,P=0.675).Conclusion The concentration of serum TTR was increased in early DR patients,and gradually decreased with the progression of DR.The concentration of TTR is correlated to DR.

OBJECTIVETo determine the role of the NF-kappaB/I-kappaB pathway during ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury to rat liver.

METHODSA group of rats underwent partial hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. The left and median lobe of the liver was subjected to ischemia for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion for previously specified periods. NF-kappaB activity was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The protein level of I-kappaB was assessed using Western blot analysis. A semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 mRNA levels.

RESULTSDuring liver I/R injury, NF-kappaB activation was induced in a time-dependent fashion. NF-kappaB was activated within 1 hour and 2 hours after the initiation of reperfusion and decreased afer 4 hours. The I-kappaB protein level was decreased in the cytoplasm after 2 hours, and the messenger RNA expression of TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 were increased simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that I-kappaB protein was degraded during hepatic I/R injury, NF kappaB was released and bound to special sequence in the promoters of budget genes, which regulated the expression of TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 mRNA. This provides evidence that the NF-kappaB/I-kappaB pathway plays an important modulating role in the expression of proinflammatory genes relevant to the development of ischemia reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Electrophoresis ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy performed at different times on the cognitive dysfunction of rats with traumatic brain injury. Methods The traumatic brain injured models were established by use of lateral fluid percussion in rats. Ninety-six rats were equally randomized into 4 groups: control group (group A), traumatic brain injured model group (group B), traumatic brain injured model plus conventional therapy group (group C), traumatic brain injured model plus both conventional therapy and HBO therapy group (group D). And group D also divided into 4 subgroups (n=6): D-3 h group, D-12 h group, D-24 h group and D-72 h groups that HBO therapy was performed at 3, 12, 24 and 72 h of the traumatic brain injury, respectively. The changes of learning and memory abilities before or after the therapy in each group were tested by Morris water maze method. Results Group B had the longest latency of finding the underwater platform as compared with the other 3 groups, followed by group C, group D and group A; as to the 4 sub-groups, D-72 h group had the longest latency of finding the underwater platform as compared with the other 3 groups, followed by group D-24 h, group D-12 h and group D-3 h. Group A could cross the original platform in the spatial probe test most often among all the 4 groups, followed by group D, group C and group B; group A, group C and group D was significantly different in clossing the original platform in the spatial probe test as compared with group B (P<0.05); group D-3 h could cross the original platform in the spatial probe test most often among all the 4 sub-groups, followed by group D-12 h, group D-24 h and group D-72 h.Conclusion HBO treatment can effectively improve the cognitive dysfunction of rats with traumatic brain injury, especially those within 12 h of injury.