Based on the results of the morphologic studies on genus Dioscorea, the paper summarized the entire chemical constituent that isolated from this genus and analyzed it with the methods of chemotaxonomy. The rules of the chemical constituent and pharmacodynamic effects were analyzed. Seventeen species which belong to Sect. Stenophora Uline of Dioscorea contain steroidal sapogenin. Other species with different main components such as polysaccharide and tannin have have different effects. This chemotaxonomic view point will conduce to establish a phylogeny of the genus Dioscorea.
Animals ; China ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Shen warming Pi strengthening method on expressions of serum T cell subsets (C045+%, C03+%, and C04 +/COB+) in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-0) rats. Methods An IBS-0 rat model was established referring to AL-Chaer's modeling method combined with tail clamp and intragastric administration of sanna leaf. After modeling 30 SO rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the model group, the high, middle, low dose Wenshen Jianpi Recipe (WJR) groups, and the Sishen Pill control group, 6 in each group. A normal control group consisting of 6 SO rats were also set up. Rats in high, middle, low dose WJ R groups were administered by gastrogavage with boil-free WJ R at the daily dose of 3. 100, 1. 550, 0. 775 g/kg, respectively. Rats in the Sis hen Pill control group were administered by gastrogavage with boil-free Sis hen Pill at the daily dose of 0. 736 g/kg. Equal volume of normal saline was given by gastrogavage to rats in the model group and the normal control group. All medication lasted for 2 successive weeks. Rats' general state, expressions of T cell subsets (CD45+%, CD3+%, and CD4+ /CDB+) changes were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, expressions of CD45+% and CD3+% increased, but CD4+ /CDB+ decreased with statistical difference (P < 0. 05). Compared with the model group, expressions of CD45+% and CD3+% decreased, but CD4+ ICDB+ increased with statistical difference in high, middle, low dose WJR groups, and the Sis hen Pill control group (P <0. 05). Compared with the Sis hen Pill control group, there was statistical difference in all indices except CD45+ value in the low dose SWPSM group (P <0. 05). Compared with the low dose WJ R group, the expression of CD3+% decreased in high and middle dose WJR groups, and the Sis hen Pill control group; CD4+ /CD8+ increased in the Sishen Pill control group and the high dose SWPSM group (all P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSWJR showed better treatment effect. The mechanism of Shen warming Pi strengthening method might be achieved by regulating expressions of CD45+% and CD3+%, and CD4+ /CD8+ ratios.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Female ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; therapy ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; metabolism

The aim of the paper is to observe the distribution of the endophytic fungi in leaves of Aquilaria sinensis by using permanent paraffin-cut section, optical microscope photography and histochemistry. Total DNA was extracted with modified CTAB method and rDNA ITS regions of plant and endophytic fungi were amplified with eukaryotic universal primers. The rDNA ITS amplicon was characterized by RFLP analysis, sequencing of rDNA ITS library and phylogenetic analyses using PAUP by maximum parsimony. Fusarium sp. A2 was used to induce the formation of resinous in A. sinensis trees. As a result, endophytic fungi mainly distributed in spongy and phloem in leaf. Endophytic fungi distributed in the phloem in agarwood-producing tree and had a relatively high abundance. Phoma sp. and Collectrotrichum sp. were the absolute advantage species in the leaf tissues of non-resinous and agarwood-producing tree, respectively. Collectrotrichum sp. was the only fungal species detected both in the two types of A. sinensis with different levels of abundance. The culture-independent molecular method can be used to identify fungal species directly and rapidly from the plant tissues. Endophytic fungal communities in non-resinous and agarwood-producing A. sinensis leaf tissues were quite different.
Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Fusarium ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Thymelaeaceae ; microbiology ; Wood ; metabolism ; microbiology

Objective To report the clinical outcome and prognostic factors for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT).Methods From January 2001 to August 2004,the data of 132 such NPC patients were analyzed retrospectively;104 male and 28 female with a median of 44.5 years(range 21-73 years).Ninety-eight patients(74.2%)were confirmed by biopsy as having NPC:9 with WHO TypeⅡand 89 WHO TypeⅢ.The other 34 patients were only diagnosed by MRI scan because of the extension/invasion was in the base of skull and/or cavernous sinus.Median interval time were 24 months(range 6-184 months).According to the 1992 Chinese Fuzhou Staging System:stageⅠ3.8 %,Ⅱ10.6 %,Ⅲ22.0% andⅣa 63.6%;T1 5.3%,T2 10.6%,T3 22.7% and T4 55.3%.Twenty-two patients had recurrence in the neck lymph nodes.IMRT was given with the sequential tomotherapy system(NOMOS Peacock systems)of 6 MV X-rays.Prescription dose was 60-70 Gy in GTV,with the fractional dose of 1.94-2.8 Gy.Sixty patients were also supplemented with two to six courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.Results The median volume of GTV was 39.5 cm~3(range 0.8-158.9 cm~3).The D95,V95,mean dose and fractionation dose of GTV was 66.9 Gy,98.3%,69.8 Gy and 2.32 Gy,respectively.The median follow-up time was 12 months(range,2-47 months).The 1-,2-and 3-year local progression-free rate was 96.4%,88.4% and 85.3%,respectively.The overall 1-,2-and 3-year survival rate was 6.5.9%,49.6% and 41.6%,respectively.Eleven patients developed distant metastases.Forty-seven patients were observed to devdop mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx.On univariate and multivariate analysis,fractional dose and vohane of GTV were significant prognostic factors for overall survival(P=0.016,0.009).Conclusions The local control and survival rate can be improved for patients with locally recurrent nasopharygeal carcinoma after treatment of intensity modulated radiotherapy.The fractional dose and volume of GTV are independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. The main death reasons are mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx.

Objective To examine the expression and analyze the significance of autophagy-related gene microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3,LC3),p62 and lysosorne-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) in pancreatic tissues of mice with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods Twenty mice were randomized into AP group and control group,and the number of mice was equal between two groups.AP group was intra-peritoneally injected by 20％ L-arginine solution (two injections of 4 g/kg body weight,every 1 h) in the dosage of 4 g/l kg twice every 1 hour to establish AP model,while control group was administered with equal volume of normal saline by intra-peritoneal injection.All the mice were euthanized at 24 hour after the last injection.Pancreatic histopathological changes were measured.In addition,the protein expressions of LC3,p62 and LAMP-2 were detected by Western blot.Results No obvious pathological changes were observed in control group.Pancreatic acinar edema,structure destruction,missing,the obvious widening of interlobular septum,small interlobular septum and acinar septum,and the necrosis of acinar cells at different degrees were observed in AP group.The pathological score for tissue edema,hemorrhage,necrosis and inflammation in AP group was 3.13 ± 0.50,2.83 ± 0.32,3.25 ± 0.46 and 3.16 ± 0.47,respectively,which was all 0 in control group.The differences were statistically significant between AP group and control group (P ＜ 0.01).In AP group,the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,p62 and LAMP-2 protein in pancreatic tissue were 1.16 ± 0.08,0.94 ± 0.04 and 0.35 ± 0.04,respectively,which were 0.24 ± 0.02,0.34 ± 0.03 and 0.95 ± 0.03 in control group.The ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 protein in pancreatic tissue in AP group were much higher than those in control group,while LAMP-2 in AP group was lower than that in control group,and there was statistically significant difference between two groups (all P ＜0.01).Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine could induce acute pancreatitis,and autophagy is impaired,which was associated with decreased LAMP-2 protein expression.

Objective To investigate the age distribution and types of human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infection in patients in Wuhan region, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of HPV infection and cervical cancer.Methods 9 915 exfoliated cervical cell specimens from patients in Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children between January 2015 and March 2016 were performed HPV genotyping (21 subtypes), clinical data of 1 732 HPV positive cases were statistically analyzed.Results HPV-positive rates in ≤25, 26~, 36~, 46~, and ≥56 age groups were 22.15%, 15.90%, 17.04%, 19.97%, and 17.57%,respectively (χ2=36.587,P<0.01),HPV-positive rates in ≤25 and 46~ age groups were both higher than other age groups.There were significant differences in single infection and multiple infection rates among different age groups respectively(χ2=14.39, 36.51,respectively, both P<0.05),single infection rate was highest in 46~ and ≤25 age groups (15.41% and 15.24% respectively);multiple infection rates was highest in ≤25 and ≥56 age groups (6.90% and 5.86% respectively).The percentage of single infection and multiple infection were 75.58% and 24.42% respectively, the major single infection type was HPV high-risk subtype (84.34%),the major multiple infection types were high-risk and high-risk compound subtype as well as high-risk and low-risk compound subtype, accounting for 60.52% and 38.77% respectively.The main single infection types were HPV high-risk subtypes 33, 68, 31 and 16, as well as and low-risk subtype 11, the ratios of single infection to multiple infection were 3.13, 2.03, 1.71, 1.67 and 2.00 respectively.Conclusion Cervical infection rates in women in Wuhan region is high in ≤25 and 46~ age groups, there are differences in the distribution of different HPV subtypes of single infection and multiple infection.

Objective To observe the effects of chronic arsenic exposure on estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated gene 9 (Ebag9) and estrogen-responsive finger protein (efp) mRNA expression in female rat' s myocardium.Methods Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups according to arsenic (As2O3) concentrations in drinking-water:0.00(control),0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40 mg/L groups and RT-PCR was used to detect Ebag9 and efp mRNA expression of myocardium at the 32 weeks of experiment.Results Ebag9 and efp mRNA expression levels in 0.00,0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40 mg/L groups were respectively as follows:0.54 ±0.14,0.52 ± 0.10,0.48 ± 0.24,0.58 ± 0.13,0.45 ± 0.19 and 0.85 ± 0.14,0.86 ± 0.12,0.87 ± 0.09,0.99 ±0.10,0.86 ± 0.19.Compared to the control group,Ebag9 mRNA level of the 0.20 mg/L group was increased,and decreased in other groups,but the difference between two groups was not significant(all P ＞ 0.05).Compared to control group,the efp mRNA level of 0.20 mg/L group increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05),and showed increased tendency in other arsenic groups,but the difference between two groups was not significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Ebag9 and efp mRNA expression have changed in myocardium of rats exposed to chronic arsenic.Arsenic may has endocrine disruptor effect to female rat's myocardium.

Objective To determine the protein expression of P14ARF,MDM2 and mutant type P53 (P53mt) in skin specimens of coal-burning-type of endemic arseniasis patients and to reveal the molecular mechanism of the disease.Methods Sixty skin specimens from 60 endemic arseniasis patients including 35 of skin lesions patients,19 of precancerous lesion and 6 of skin cancer and 9 normal skin specimens from non-cancer patients were studied.Expression of P14~,MDM2 and P53mt was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using corresponding monoclonal antibodies.Results There was significant difference in the positive rates of P14ARF,MDM2 and P53mt among the 4 groups(x2 =9.39,6.21,20.64,all P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of P14ARF in precancerous lesion and skin cancer specimens were 46.1％ (6/19) and 33.3％ (2/6),respectively,which were significantly lower than that of the normal skin specimens [88.9％(8/9),all P ＜ 0.05].Decreased expression of P14ARF was correlated with the development of dermopathy (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of MDM2 and P53mt in skin lesions,precancerous lesion and skin cancer specimens were 54.2％ ( 19/35 ),63.2％ (10/19),66.7％ (4/6) and 25.7％(9/35),73.7％(14/19),83.3％(5/6),respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the control (0,0,all P＜ 0.05).The expression of MDM2 and P53mt increased with the development of dermopathy(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions P53mt protein in skin tissue of coal-burning-type of endemic arseniasis patients is over expressed.Abnormal expression of P14ARF and MDM2 may be one of the reasons lead to abnormal cell cycle control disorders and may play a role in the development of endemic arseniasis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of clonorchiasis among residents of Huachuan Country,Heilongjiang Province and to provide a basis for development of control strategies.Methods From 2011 to 2012,cluster random sampling was performed to survey the incidence of clonorchiasis in Huachuan Country.Fecal specimens were collected and examined the clonorchis sinensis eggs by Kato-Katz method.A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect related information such as age,gender,occupation and eating habits.The infection characteristic was analyzed.Results Totally 884 patients with clonorchiasis were found among 2248 residents,and the infection rate was 39.32％.The infection rate in male[47.15％(611/1296)] was significantly higher than females [28.68％(273/952),x2 =34.55,P ＜ 0.01].The infection rate increased with age,which was higher in the 20-69 years old people,with the highest infection rate in the 50-59 years old groups[45.34％ (219/483)].Of the occupational distribution,farmers had the highest infection rate [47.24％ (420/889)],followed by cadres and staffs[38.38％(190/495)].Of residents with fresh fish eating history,the prevalence of clonorchiasis was 53.38％(150/281).Conclusions The prevalence of clonorchiasis is still high in Huachuan County.To reduce the prevalence of clonorchiasis,comprehensive prevention measures,health education and group chemotherapy should be carried out.