【Objective】To analyze the difference of salivary microbiome between patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC group）and healthy controls（HC group），and to screen out the target bacteria in saliva of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. 【Methods】 Salivary samples were collected from 50 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 40 healthy controls. Total DNA was extracted，16S rDNA V4 region was amplified by PCR，high-throughput sequencing was performed，and sequencing data was subjected to OUT clustering，species annotation and diversity analysis.【Results】Diversity analysis showed difference in the diversity of the salivary microbiome between the ESCC group and the HC group，but P > 0.05. Species analysis showed that the salivary microbiome in the ESCC group was dominated by Neisseria，Fusobacterium，Haemophilus，Prevotella and Porphyromonas，while Neisseria，Haemophilus， Prevotella，Fusobacterium and Veillonella were the top microbiota in the HC group. LEfse analysis showed that the expression of Porphyromonas in the ESCC group was elevated and the result had statistical significance.【Conclusion】Saliva in the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has characteristic microbiome composition. Compared with the squamous cell carcinoma is significantly increased，and the result is statistically significant(P < 0.05）.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression of human endogenous retrovirus subfamily H long terminal repeat associating protein 2 (HHLA2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with HCC. Methods: Based on TCGA database, the correlation between HHLA2 mRNA expression and B7 family genes in human HCC tissues was analyzed. HHLA2 expression in 90 pairs of HCC tissues and their adjacent tissues was detected by tissue microarry and immunohistochemical staining. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the difference of HHLA2 expression between HCC tissues and its adjacent tissues. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between HHLA2 expression in human HCC tissues and clinicopathological features of the patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between HHLA2 expression and patients’ overall survival (OS), and the Cox model was used to evaluate the prognostic value of different indices. Results: The expression level of HHLA2 mRNA in HCC tissues was correlated with B7 family CD274, C10orf54, PDCD1LG2, ICOSLG and CD276. The expression level of HHLA2 in HCC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size (χ2=4.531, P<0.05). The OS of HCC patients with high HHLA2 expression was significantly shorter than that of the patients with lower HHLA2 expression (HR=1.878, 95%CI: 1.066-3.309, P<0.05). The COX model showed that tumor size (HR=2.493, 95%CI: 1.310-4.742, P<0.01) could be used as an independent risk factor for the prognostic prediction of the patients. Conclusion: HHLA2 is significantly correlated with the prognosis of HCC patients, and can be used as a potential target for HCC immunotherapy.

[摘 要] 目的：探究吲哚胺2，3-双加氧酶1（IDO1）在不同类型乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与患者预后和免疫细胞浸润的关系。方法：收集 TCGA 数据库中乳腺癌RNA测序数据和相应临床资料，分析IDO1 mRNA在不同亚型、不同分期、不同绝经阶段及不同年龄等各类型乳腺癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达差异。将IDO1 mRNA表达有明显差异的乳腺癌类型的患者分为IDO1高、低表达组，比较3组间的疾病特异性生存率（DSS），分析IDO1 mRNA在DSS有明显差异的癌组织中的表达水平与免疫细胞浸润的关系。采用免疫组化法检测IDO1蛋白在ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性及Ⅱ期乳腺癌组织中的表达情况，对数据库数据进行验证。结果：IDO1 mRNA在乳腺癌组织中呈高表达，但在不同类型乳腺癌中的表达不同。IDO1 mRNA在ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性、HER2阴性亚型、Ⅱ期、T2期、N0期和M0期分期、绝经前、绝经后和年龄≤ 60岁患者的乳腺癌组织中呈高表达（P < 0.05或P < 0.01或P < 0.001）。ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性和Ⅱ期亚组中，IDO1 mRNA高表达患者的DSS明显高于低表达患者（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性和Ⅱ期乳腺癌组织中IDO1 mRNA表达与活化的树突状细胞（aDC）、Th1细胞、T细胞、CD56dim NK细胞、CTL和Treg细胞等免疫细胞浸润有关联（均P < 0.001）。IDO1蛋白在ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性及Ⅱ期乳腺癌组织中均呈高表达（均P < 0.001），与数据库数据分析结果一致。结论：IDO1在不同类型的乳腺癌组织中的表达不同，IDO1表达与ER阴性、PR阴性、HER2阳性和Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者的预后和免疫细胞浸润有关联。