Objective:Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells ( DCs) were extracted and gave tanshinone ⅡA to intervene ,and we observed the change of DCs function ,which investigate the effects of tanshinone ⅡA in immune system.Methods:Extract bone mar-row-derived DCs,and cells were cultured in complete medium with 10 ng/ml GM-CSF and IL-4.On day 5,magnetic cell sorting was used to purify DCs,and the purify must be up to 90%.Then,a certain concentration of tanshinone ⅡA or LPS was gave to the cell cul-ture,and cells and supernatant were collected for following experiments .We used flow cytometry to detect phenotype , and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect cytokine production of TNF-αand IL-12.Also,allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was used to detect the ability of DCs to induce T cell proliferation and polarization .Results:When the concentration of tanshi-none ⅡA was 500 ng/ml,the inhibition of secretion of TNF-αwas maximal.So we chose that concentration .Compared with the control group,DCs in experimental group had reduced expression of CD 80,CD86 and MHCⅡ(P<0.05).Compared with the control group ,DCs in experimental group displayed the reduced level of IL-12 and TNF-α(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,DCs in experimen-tal group had reduced ability to induce T cell proliferation (P<0.05).Compared with the control group ,DCs in experimental group in-duced T cell to secret increased level of IL-4,and reduced level of IFN-γ(P<0.05).Conclusion:TanshinoneⅡA can inhibit the den-dritic cells maturation induced by LPS ,which takes part in immune system and autoimmune diseases .

BACKGROUND: The growth behaviors of cells on the biomaterials scaffold may be affected by the topography, pore size, wettability, porosity and other factors.OBJECTIVE: This research is aimed to observe the growth and proliferation of Schwann cells in silk fibroin scaffolds with different pore sizes. METHODS: Two kinds of silk fibroin scaffolds with different pore sizes were prepared, including a large pore size scaffold (pore size 50-60 μm) and a small pore size scaffold (pore size 10-20 μm). Schwann cells (R3 [33-10ras3]) served as seed cells and incubated in 37 ℃, 5% CO2 incubation box. When cells filled up the culture bottle bottom and formed a dense monolayer, they were digested and the cell concentration adjusted, then Schwann cells were seeded onto the surface of the porous silk fibroin scaffolds with different pore sizes. After seven days of co-culture, the growth and proliferation of Schwann cells were observed under scanning electron microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The growth of Schwann cells on the surface of silk fibroin scaffolds with different pore sizes was varied. On the surface of small pore size scaffold (10-20 μm), the cell density was low, while the phenotype of cells was bipolar, cells arranged in parallel or linked as the cell chains. On the surface of large pore size scaffold (50-60 μm), more cells could be seen, but most of the cells were in the shape of single sphere, cells clustered on the surface of the porous scaffold or aggregated as a bunch of grape at the bottom of pores. Only few cells were bipolar and lied on the ridge between the pores. The result showed that the pore size of porous silk fibroin scaffolds is an influential factor for the growth and adhesion of Schwann cells. Schwann cells are conducive to grow on the scaffolds with pore size larger than cell body diameter.

Chimeric antigen receptor modified T (CAR-T) cell, a novel adoptive immunotherapy strategy, has been used successfully against hematological tumors. However, in solid tumors, due to multiple immunosuppressive cells, immunosuppressive molecules, and extracellular matrix play a suppressive role in the cytotoxic effects of migrating CAR-T cells and severely inhibit the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells in the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. Simultaneously, tumor heterogeneity, lacking proper tumor antigens, poor homing ability at solid tumor sites, along with off-target effect, resulting in poor therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells in solid tumors. Compared with hematological tumors, solid tumors have complex biological characteristics, and thus targeted strategies are demanded to ensure long-term efficacy of CAR-T cells against tumors. This review makes a summary of the development of CAR-T cells, the confusion in solid tumors and the progress of treatment strategies.

Objective: To report the experience on the multi-disciplinary management of metastatic renal cell (mRCC) patients in a single center. Methods: Data of 168 mRCC patients treated by multi-disciplinary team (MDT) at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from December 2007 to February 2019 was retrospectively analyzed.Three treatment groups were identified, including 76 patients with 55 males and 21 females, received anti-angiogenic agents alone (Group A), 66 patients with 55 males and 11 males, received anti-angiogenic agents plus local therapy (Group B)and 26 patients, with 19 males and 7 females, received anti-angiogenic agents plus immunotherapy and local therapy (Group C). The Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Axitinib were chosen for the TKI. The Pembrolizumab was used for immunotherapy. The stereotactic body radiation therapy and surgical excision were considered as the local therapy. The study aims to compare the age, gender, IMDC score, pathology, nbephrectomy, adverse events, progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Results: Of all patients, the median follow-up duration was 23 months (ranging 6-117 cmonths). The PFS was 18.3 months and median OS was 33.5 months. The 2 years and 5 years survival rate was 66% and 35%, respectively. The median OS of Group A, B and C were 29.8 months, 44.6 months and not reached. 2y-OS was 58%, 67% and 89%, while 5y-OS 12%, 46% and 57%.There was no difference in age, gender, IMDC score, pathology, synchronous metastases or nephterectomy between the three groups. The prognostic result in TKI based combination therapy was superior to TKI therapy alone, which the 5y-OS was 51% and 11%, respectively. The prognostic result in group C's moderate-high risk mRCC patients was superior to group A and B. The median OS in TKI+ DC and CIK+ Pembrolizumab was 49.1 months and 53.1 months. On univariate analyses, IMDC score, nephrectomy and treatment group was associated with OS (P<0.05). On multivariate analyses, treatment group, nephrectomy was associated with OS (P<0.05). The risk of death of Group C decreased about 60% [HR 0.39 (0.17, 0.89), P=0.026]. 78 (46.4%) patients on TKI alone and 16 (61.5%) patients treated with TKI plus immunotherapy had Grade 3 or 4 adverse events. 16 (20.3%) patients had Clavien Ⅲ-Ⅳ toxicity after surgical procedures. 6 (5.7%) patients had Grade 3 toxiciy after SBRT. Conclusions Patients treated with combined therapy had better survival than those treated with anti-angiogenic agents alone. MDT approach could bring survival benefit to mRCC patients.