Five patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis admitted to Taihe hospital from 2006 to 2008, were treated by whole lung lavage under intravenous anesthesia, the clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients were followed up for 2 to 20 months, and their symptoms and pulmonary function were improved significantly after lung lavage treatment. Our experiences showed that lung lavage with intravenous anesthesia is the most effective treatment for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome.Methods Thirty healthy adult SD rats ( mele:female=1:1 ) were divided into normal control group, model group, and positive control group ( pinaverium bromide tablets 15.0 mg/kg) for 31 days.Body weight, appetite, defecation, voluntary move-ment of all the rats were determined.The rates of gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rate were measured.The serum 5-HT and plasma SP and VIP or 5-HT, SP, VIP in colon homogenates were assessed by radioimmunoassay.Blood biochemical parameters were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer.The gastric and intestinal morphology was evaluated by histological examination.Results After modeling, the rat weight and food intake were decreased, ad stool quantity was increased.The voluntary movement and gastric emptying rates were decreased, intestinal propulsion rates were increased, and the contents of SP and VIP in blood were decreased, but increased in the colonic homogenate (P＜0.05, P＜0.01).After treatment, the food intake was increased and stool quantity was decreased, the rat body weight was signifi-cantly increased, the amount of voluntary movement and stool returned near to normal, the 5-HT levels in serum or in co-lonic homogenate were significantly decreased, but plasma VIP levels were markedly increased, and the SP and VIP con-tents were significantly decreased in colonic homogenate in the positive control group (P＜0.05, P＜0.01).Hematology indexes had no obvious changes.The gastric and colonic tissue morphology showed no distinct damages caused by the di-verse stimulating factors.Conclusions The stimulation of composite factors can be used to successfully generate the rat model of irritable bowel syndrome, showing similar clinical manifestation of this disease in humans.

Objective To investigate effects analysis of joint function and MMP-7 and MMP-9 measurement after synovial ar-throscopic debridement for knee synovitis.Methods 72 patients with knee synovitis method based on a random draw were e-qually divided into the treatment group and the control group,the control group were given the traditional synovial planing surgery.The treatment group were given the arthroscopic debridement synovium.Results After treatment,the response rates in the treatment group and the control group were 97.2% and 80.6% respectively.The response rate of the treatment group were significantly better than the control group.The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The postopera-tive Lysholm scores were increased significantly,while the pain scores were significantly reduced,and the postoperative Ly-sholm score and pain scores difference compared between the two groups were also statistically significant.The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The postoperative synovial tissue MMP-7 and MMP-9 expression rates were in the two groups significantly lower.The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05),while the postoperative MMP-7 and MMP-9 expression rates of the treatment group were ignificantly lower than the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion Syn-ovial arthroscopic debridement for knee synovitis can relieve pain and improve knee function,reduce the expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9,thereby enhance the overall efficacy of the treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of taking medical students as standardized patients(SSP) on problem based leaming(PBL) teaching in clerkship.Methods Totally 161 students (grade 2008) selected from clinical medical department was divided into PBL group(n=81) and lecture-based learning(LBL) group(n=80).SSP was introduced into PBL teaching and LBL group was taught by LBL.After the clerkship,theory test was conducted in two groups and questionnaire was given to LBL group.Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 13.0,measurement data were analyzed by t test and enumeration data were described by frequency and constituent ratio.Results Theory test results showed that the average score of medical record analysis was (37.35 ± 5.95) in PBL group,much higher than (33.25 ± 4.89) in LBL group(P=0.001) ;the total score was (71.20 ± 8.67) in PBL group,much higher than that of (67.79 ± 9.87) in LBL group(P=0.018) as well.The average scores of choice question in 2 groups were (33.85 ± 5.05) and (34.24 ± 6.87),without significant differences(P=0.658).The constituent ratio of answer ‘OK' regarding 10 entries in questionnaire was more than 75％.The constituent ratio of answer ‘OK' regarding 3 entries(SSP matching degree,SSP without implied language or action,stimulating the learning interest) was more than 90％.Conclusions Introducing SSP PBL teaching can improve students' ability of clinical analysis and problem solving but not so effective for the basic theoretical knowledge grasp.SSP could replace standardized patients in PBL teaching.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of combined detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) VCA/IgA, EA/IgA, Rta/IgG and EBNA1/IgA in serodiagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSSerum samples obtained from 211 untreated patients with NPC and 203 non-NPC ENT patients were examined for the presence of VCA/IgA and EA/IgA by immunoenzymatic assay and for Rta/IgG and EBNA1/IgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to confirm the cutoff values of different antibodies. The evaluation indexes of combined detection of multiple antibodies used for serodiagnosis of NPC were calculated with compounded positive judgment method.

RESULTSCompared to a single antibody, combined detection achieved a higher sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity of VCA/IgA + Rta/IgG + EBNA1/IgA (98.1%) was higher than the other 3 combinations with a specificity, accuracy, Youden index and positive predictive value (PPV) of 88.7%, 93.5%, 0.868 and 90.0%, respectively. The combination of EA/IgA+Rta/IgG+EBNA1/IgA had the highest specificity (95.1%), accuracy (94.9%), Youden index (0.899) and PPV (95.2%), with a sensitivity of 94.8%, suggesting its higher accuracy in the serodiagnosis of NPC. Combined detection of the 4 antibodies had the highest sensitivity (98.6%) with a specificity, accuracy, Youden index and PPV of 88.2%, 93.5%, 0.868 and 89.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSCombined detection of Rta/IgG against immediate early antigens, EA/IgA against early antigens, VCA/IgA against late antigens, and EBNA1/IgA against latent antigens provides better understanding of the expression profiles of EBV lytic and latent antigens with excellent complementarity, and may serve as an optimal combination for NPC serodiagnosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; Capsid Proteins ; immunology ; Carcinoma ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests ; Young Adult

In the folk medicine, it was believed that the raw Sanqi could remove blood stasis, swelling and pain, while the cooked Sanqi could replenish blood. This article began with the first record of Sanqi in ancient herbal medicine literature, and the nature, flavor and efficacy of Sanqi, then listed the processing methods and usage of Sanqi recorded in ancient herbal medicine literature, and compared with the modern processing methods. The results showed that the processing methods of raw Sanqi included making powder, chewing, vinegar grinding and wine grinding, in which the method of making powder was still in use, and there were particle size requirements on the Sanqi powder listed in most modern preparation specifications. The processing methods of cooked Sanqi included baking, frying and steaming, in which the method of steaming was still in use, but had some changes. The new processing method was frying with edible oil. The results clarify the history of the processing of Sanqi, and provide a reference for the research and application of the processing methods of raw and cooked Sanqi.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Panax notoginseng

This study is to explore the mechanism of Xueshuantong improving cerebral microcirculation disorder through the combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation in vivo. Structural formulas of main Panax notoginseng saponins, including notoginsenoside R1, and ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rd were obtained from Pubchem website and their potential targets were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction database. Potential molecular targets of brain microcirculation disorder were acquired from OMIM and GeneCards database. The overlapped molecular targets between the drug and disease were analyzed. Protein interaction analysis and topology maps were constructed through the STRING online analysis platform and Cytoscape software. Core action targets were selected. GO function and KEGG pathway were analyzed by DAVID database. Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in the ischemic cortex of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats. The levels of mRNA and protein expressions of core action targets in MCAO/R model rats′ brain microvessels were verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Based on network pharmacology, 242 targets of Xueshuantong, 425 targets of brain microcirculation disorder, and 35 overlapped targets were obtained. The potential key targets of Xueshuantong, protein kinase B (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), caspase 3 (CASP3), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) involved in the alleviation of cerebral microcirculation disorder were obtained by setting degree and betweenness centrality as screening parameters. Xueshuantong at the dose of 48 mg·kg^-1 was shown to significantly improve the injury of neurological behaviors, as well as the density and morphology of microvessels of MCAO/R model rats. Xueshuantong could down-regulate the mRNA levels of AKT1, MMP-9, and STAT3, increase the protein expression levels of CD31, phosphorylated AKT and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), and the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl-2-associated X (Bcl-2/Bax), but decrease the protein expression levels of MMP-9, cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated STAT3. In summary, Xueshuantong could improve ischemic cerebral microcirculation disorder and thereby reduce nerve damage in ischemia-reperfusion rats by regulating signaling pathways related with PI3K, AKT, MMP-9, STAT3 and caspase-3 in microvessels. The study strictly adhered to all ethical protocols that experimental animals should follow in the course of medical research.