Objective: To investigate the effects of adenosine A 1 receptor agonist N 6 cyclohexyladenosine(CHA) on neurofunction after fluid percussion injury in rats. Methods: The effects of CHA intra cerebroventricular injection 10 min before brain trauma on rats neurofunction and neuropathological changes were evaluated. Results: Compared with the control group, CHA could ameliorate the behavior deficits and improve pathological change. Conclusion: Adenosine A 1 receptor plays an important neuroprotective role in rat secondary injuries following brain trauma.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as their correlations with the initial severity of TBI and prognosis.Methods A total of 229 patients with acute TBI admitted from September 2014 to June 2016 were retrospectively studied.Patients were further classified as mild TBI group (GCS 13-15 points),moderate TBI group (GCS 9-12 points) and severe TBI group (GCS 3-8 points) according to Glasgow coma score (GCS).The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects.The prognosis was evaluated by using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after TBI.The IGF-1 levels were further tested at days 1,3,5,7 and 14 and their correlations with the initial GCS and GOS at 6 months after injury were evaluated.Results (1) The serum IGF-1 levels of mild,moderate and severe TBI group at all time points were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the serum IGF-1 levels of severe and moderate TBI groups at all time points after injury were significantly lower than those of the mild TBI group (P ＜0.05);the serum IGF-1 levels of the severe group at days 1,3,5 and 7 d after injury were lower than those of the moderate TBI group (P＜0.05).(2) IGF-1 levels were significantly different between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05) at different time points during the follow-up of 6 months.(3)IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with both GCS and GOS at the acute stage of TBI and sub-acute stage following TBI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The dynamic changes of serum IGF-1 levels in patients with acute TBI are related to both initial severity of TBI and the neurological outcomes and can be used as a reliable biomarker for early severity assessment and prognostic prediction of TBI.

Objective To investigate the risk factors related to progressive intracranial hemorrhage (PIH) in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) and analyze their clinical significance.Methods PIH was validated by comparing the initial and repeated CT scans. Data including gender,age, injury causes, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) on admission, time interval from injury to the first CT scan, initial CT scan manifestations, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fg), thrombin time (TT), platelet (PLT) and D-dimer (D-D) in both groups were compared with Logistic regression analysis to observe the risk factors related to PIH. Results The study involved 498 patients with acute TBI, of which 139 (27.91%) patients suffered from PIH. There were 116 patients (83.45%) with PIH who received the initial CT scan within two hours post injury.There was statistical difference in aspects of age, GCS on admission, time interval from injury to the first CT scan, initial CT scan manifestations ( including fractures, subarachnoid hematoma, contusion and onset hematoma), PT, Fg and D-D values in both groups (P ＜0.01 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that CT scans (subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain contusion and primary hematoma) and plasma D-D values were predictors of PIH ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions For patients with the initial CT scan manifestations including subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain contusion, primary hematoma together with D-D value increase within two hours post injury, a continuous CT scan should be performed promptly to detect PIH early.

Objective To investigate dynamic changes of serum Tau proteins and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A total of 95 patients with acute TBI were retrospectively studied by case-control study.There were 61 males and 34 females,with age of 16-65 years [(40.7 ± 13.6)years].The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was 3-8 points in 9 patients,9-12 points in 11,and 13-15 points in 75.A total of 30 healthy physical examinees were recruited as control group.The levels of Tau proteins were measured at days 1,3,5,7 and 14 after TBI.The cognitive dysfunction was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score at 6 months after injury.The correlation between Tau protein levels at different time points and MoCA was determined.Results The serum Tau proteins of TBI group was significantly higher than that of control group at all time points (P ＜ 0.05).In TBI group,39 (41％) out of 95 patients developed cognitive dysfunction assessed by MoCA scale.The main manifestations of cognitive dysfunction were the defects in visual spatial and acting function,delayed memory,language,abstract,attention and calculation,with statistical significance compared with control group (allP ＜ 0.05).The serum Tau proteins of patients with cognitive dysfunction were significantly higher than those without cognitive dysfunction at all time points after TBI (P ＜ 0.05).Tau proteins at days 1,3,5 after TBI was significantly correlated with cognitive dysfunction at 6 months after TBI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The levels of serum Tau proteins show a significant increase after TBI,the early changes of which are statistically related to cognitive dysfunction.The early changes of serum Tau protein after TBI can be used as a reliable biomarker for early prediction of cognitive function prognosis.