Objective:To study the effect of pig interleukin 2(IL 2) eukaryon expression plasmid on cellular immune responses of BALB/c mice immuned with pcDNA PRRSV ORF5 DNA vaccine.Methods:BALB/c mice were immunized with pcDNA PRRSV ORF5 DNA vaccine and pig interleukin 2(IL 2) eukaryon expression plasmid by the routes of co injection and DNA vaccine injection alone respectively, with PBS and pcDNA3 1(+) as controls. Fluoresecence Activated Cell Sorter(FACS),T lymphocyte proliferation test(MTT) were used to detect the number of CD4 +、CD8 + and the T lymphocyte proliferation in peripheral blood of mice vaccinated.Results:ConA response of T lymphocytes in blood was higher in experiment group than the control group ( P

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by E. granulosus is a serious helminthic zoonosis in humans, livestock and wildlife. Xinjiang is one of high endemic province for CE in China. A total of 55 sheep and cattle livers containing echinococcal cysts were collected from slaughterhouses in Changji and Yining City, northern region of Xinjiang. PCR was employed for cloning 2 gene fragments, 12S rRNA and CO1 for analysis of phylogenetic diversity of E. granulosus. The results showed that all the samples collected were identified as G1 genotype of E. granulosus. Interestingly, YL5 and CJ75 strains were the older branches compared to those strains from France, Argentina, Australia. CO1 gene fragment showed 20 new genotype haploids and 5 new genotype haplogroups (H1-H5) by the analysis of Network 5.0 software, and the YLY17 strain was identified as the most ancestral haplotype. The major haplotypes, such as CJ75 and YL5 strains, showed identical to the isolates from Middle East. The international and domestic trade of livestock might contribute to the dispersal of different haplotypes for E. granulosus evolution.
Abattoirs ; Animals ; Argentina ; Australia ; Cattle ; China ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Echinococcosis ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Echinococcus ; France ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haploidy ; Haplotypes ; Helminths ; Humans ; Liver ; Livestock ; Middle East ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sheep

OBJECTIVE To explore the role and underlying mechanism of tournefolic acid B （TAB） on the improvement of glucose metabolism and renal function in diabetic nephropathy （DN） model mice. METHODS DN model mice were established by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin， and then randomly divided into model group， positive control group （vitamin E， 20 mg/kg）， TAB low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1， 2， 4 mg/kg）， with 12 mice in each group； normal control group was given regular diet. Each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. The glucose metabolic function was estimated by fasting blood glucose， glucose tolerance test， insulin tolerance test and serum insulin concentration. The renal coefficients and biochemical indicators related to renal function [serum uric acid， blood urea nitrogen， creatinine levels， and ratio of urine microalbumin to creatinine] were detected in mice； the contents of biochemical indicators related to oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）] were determined in renal tissue of mice； the pathological morphology of renal tissue was observed； the expressions of extracellular matrix （ECM） deposition related factors [transforming growth factor β1 （TGF- β1）， fibronectin （Fn）， type Ⅳ collagen （Col Ⅳ）] and protein kinase B （Akt）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） pathway related proteins were determined in renal tissue of mice. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， fasting blood glucose， area under glucose tolerance curve， area under insulin tolerance curve， serum insulin content， the levels of uric acid， urea nitrogen and creatinine @qq.com and ratio of urinary microalbumin to creatinine in serum， the contents of MDA and 8-OHdG and the protein expressions of TGF-β1， Fn and Col Ⅳ were increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）， while the contents of SOD， GSH-Px and the protein expressions of p-Akt， Nrf2， HO-1 in renal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the significant thickening of the basement membrane， accumulation of mesangial matrix， glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis of the renal tubules were all found. Compared with model group， above indexes of mice were all reversed significantly in TAB groups （P＜0.05）， and pathological changes were alleviated in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS TAB can improve blood glucose metabolism and kidney function and alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN model mice， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and suppressing ECM deposition.