Objective To analyze the differences in urinary stone components between Uyghur and Han patients with urolithiasis in Xinjiang,and to explore the related factors contributing to the observed differences.Methods The data of urinary stone compo-nents in 317 adult patients with urolithiasis (152 cases of Uyghur nationality and 165 cases of Han nationality)admitted to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People′s Hospital from June 2009 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The urinary stone compo-nents were analyzed by the infrared spectroscopy.Results There were significant differences in thestone component proportions of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COD),COD+carbapatite (CA)and uric acid (UA)between Uyghur and Han patients(P <0.05). Conclusion The characteristics of the urinary stone comppnents have significant differences between Uyghur and Han patients with urolithiasis,which may be related with ethnicity and the different dietary habits.