Several comparative studies on anti-implantation and estrogenicities of noret histerone oxime(NETO)and norethisterone(NET) or ethynyl estradiol (EE2)were carried out in order to clarify their relationships. It was observed that NETO was showed much stronger potency than NET, which the anti-implantation, uterotrophic and vaginal cornifi-cation effect were 25, 26, and 21 times, respectively. The ratio of anti-implantation to vaginal cornification of NETO was 14-fold stronger than that of EE2. These results suggest that the increased antiimplantative activity of NETO is related to its stronger estrogenic activity, but other mechanisms contribute to the anti-implantation besides estragenicity.

In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that non-coding RNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy, and is involved in neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis, synaptic remodeling and cell differentiation in epilepsy. This review focused on the recent research progress in the relationship between microRNA, long-nocoding RNA and circular RNA with epilepsy.

Injectable lipid emulsions have been routinely used in patients since 1960s as a nutritional supplement for patients requiring parenteral nutrition. In recent years, lipid injectable emulsions have been extensively studied as a kind of novel drug carrier, also the quality problems of the lipid emulsion attract more and more attentions gradually. Large diameter tail of injectable lipid emulsions as a significant quality control indicator should pay more attention. Regarding to the defect of detecting large diameter tail of lipid injectable emulsions in our country, the purpose of this article is to summarize the techniques of detecting large diameter tail, illustrate the impacts of large lipid droplet on the quality of lipid injectable emulsions, emphasize the importance of detecting large diameter tail in lipid emulsions and provide guidance for researching and developing lipid emulsions in domestic market.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intracavitary holmium laser for ureter calculi combined with distal ureteral stricture.Methods Sixty-nine patients with ureteral calculi combined with distal ureteral stricture were selected.Nineteen patients with ureteral calculi above third lumbar vertebra inferior margin combined with distal ureteral stricture were given microchannel percutaneous nephroscope holmium laser lithotripsy + ureteral stricture dilatation and holmium laser incision,and 50 patients with ureteral calculi below third lumbar vertebra inferior margin combined with distal ureteral stricture were given ureteroscope holmium laser lithotripsy + ureteral stricture dilatation and holmium laser incision.The type-B ultrasonic,kidney-ureter-bladder plain film (KUB) + intravenous urography (IVU) were performed before operative and 3 months after removal of double J tube,and the degree of hydronephrosis and calculi removal condition were observed.Results The operations of all the patients were successful,and operation time was 42-85 (58 ± 13) min.Intraoperative hemorrhoea,ureteral rupture,ureteral avulsion,false passage formation did not occur.All patients had varying degrees of gross hematuria after operation,and 68 cases disappeared after 2-3 d.Thirteen cases had postoperative fever,and these patients were alleviated after the anti-infection and symptomatic treatment.The success rate of gravel was 95.7％ (66/69),and the success rate of ureteral stricture was 97.1％ (67/69).Three months after removal of double J tube,calculi had been discharged,with no residual calculi.The patients' hydronephrosis was obviously alleviated.The extension of renal collecting system was (22.0 ± 8.2) mm before operation,and was (12.0 ± 6.1) mm 3 months after extraction double J tube,and there was statistical difference (t =8.52,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The nicrochannel percutaneous nephroscope holmium laser lithotripsy or ureteroscope holmium laser lithotripsy + ureteral stricture dilatation and holmium laser incision for ureteral calculi combined with distal ureteral stricture patients has no serious intraoperative and postoperative complications,shorter operation time,low cost,operation safety,and satisfactory effect.It is a good method for ureteral calculi combined with distal ureteral stricture.

Objective To isolate and culture human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs),investigate the influence of hADSCs on the cellular morphology,survival rate,and function of human islet cells under the in vitro non-contact co-culture conditions,and explore its mechanism.Method hADSCs were isolated by collagenase digestion method,then cultured,and identified by morphology,immunofluorescence and multi-directional differentiation.Adult islet cells were separated and purified by Liberase enzyme and Ficoll 400,then divided into co-culture group and individual group.The cellular growth morphology of islet cells was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope.The survival rate of islet cells,insulin secretory volume,insulin stimulation index and concentration of growth factor in the supernatant were compared between the two groups.Result hADSCs of the third generation showed uniform long spindle fibrocyte-like morphology,and had multi-directional differentiational potentials of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.Immunofluorescence test of surface antigens on hADSCs revealed CD44 + and CD49d +,CD31-,CD34-and CD106-.After 14-day culture,the islet cellular morphology in co-culture group was more intact than that in individual group.The survival rate of islet cells in co-culture group was (82.83 + 2.32) ％,and that in individual group was (53.00 + 2.82) ％ (P＜0.01).Insulin secretory volumes were (23.66 + 2.11) and (7.82 +1.09) mU/L respectively in co-culture group and individual group under high glucose concentration,and 13.22 + 0.77 and 6.40 + 0.44 mU/L respectively under low glucose concentration (P＜0.01 for all).Insulin stimulation index was decreased from 1.67 + 0.10 (at 3rd day) to 1.77 + 0.13 (at 14th day) in co-culture group,and from (1.67 + 0.10) (at 3rd day) to (1.77 + 0.13) (at 14th day) in individual group (P＜0.01).After 14-day culture,the concentrations of HGF,TGF-β,VEGF and bFGF in the supernatant were higher in co-culture group than in individual group (P＜0.01).Conclusion hADSCs were isolated and cultured successfully from adult adipose tissue.They could increase the survival rate and improve the function of islet cells when co-culture with the adult islet cells in vitro through secreting HGF,TGF-β,VEGF and b-FGF.

ABSTRACT:Objective For preparation of vascularized islets , to isolate and culture human adipose derived stem cells , investigate the role of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs ) in promoting the proliferation and vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs ) co‐cultured in vitro , and explore its mechanism .Methods ADSCs and HUVECs were isolated by collagenase digestion method ,then cultured ,and identified by morphology ,immunofluorescence or multi‐directional differentiation .The co‐culture system of ADSCs and HUVECs was established , HUVECs cultured alone were set up for control group . The proliferation , vascularization and concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF)in the supernatant were compared between the two groups .Results The third generational ADSCs had uniform long spindle fiberous morphology and multi‐directional differentiational function . Immunofluorescence test of surface antigens on ADSCs revealed CD44/CD49d (+ ) ,CD31/CD34 (-) ,on HUVECs CD31/vWF (+ ) . High vascular density was found when co‐cultured in Matrigel of ADSCs and HUVECs than alone of HUVECs .Growth curve shown at days 3 , 4 and 5 of the logarithmic phase , HUVECs count in co‐culture group of ADSCs and HUVECs was (4 .52 ± 0 .31) × 104 ,(7 .18 ± 0 .45) × 104 ,and (8 .23 ± 0 .36) × 104 under indirect co‐culture condition , while that in individual HUVECs group was (2 .71 ± 0 .25) × 104 ,(4 .87 ± 0 .26) × 104 ,and (6 .86 ± 0 .33) × 104 ( P<0 .01) .Population doubling time of HUVECs was shorter in co‐culture group than in individual group .Also ,the OD value of HUVECs was higher in co‐culture group than in individual group when cultured at days 1 ,3 ,5 and 7 ( P<0 .01) .When cultured at days 3 ,7 and 13 ,the concentration of VEGF and b‐FGF in the supernatant was higher in co‐culture group than in individual group ( P< 0 .01 ) . Conclusion ADSCs can promote the proliferation and vascularization of HUVECs in vitro co‐culture conditions by secreting or increasing the HUVECs secretion of VEGF and b‐FGF .

Bicyclol with benzyl alcohol structure, is a poorly water-soluble drug, used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. To increase the drug solubility and oral bioavailability, a Bicyclol-phospholipid complex was studied on its preparation, formation mechanism, and the influence on drug physicochemical properties and oral absorption. The complex was prepared by a solvent evaporation method. The optimal formulation was selected by orthogonal experimental design, and a reasonable evaluating method of the complexation rate was established. Various methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR), were used to explore the phase state and formation mechanism of the complex. The solubility of drug in complex was investigated in water/n-octanol. Preliminary study of its absorption and liver tissue distribution in rats was also carried out. The results showed that Bicyclol and phosphatidylcholine can be complexed entirely in the molar ratio 1 : 2. Bicyclol was dispersed in phospholipids as amorphous state. They were combined by intermolecular hydrogen bond due to charge transfer effect which occurred between the two polarities of the double bond between phosphorus and oxygen (P=O) of phosphatidylcholine and benzalcohol group of Bicyclol. The solubility of the complex compared to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was effectively enhanced 5.75 times in water and 7.72 times in n-octanol, separately. In addition, drug concentrations were also enhanced 43 times in plasma and 13 times in liver with one hour after administering the complex to rats via oral gavage. All of these indicated that Bicyclol with benzalcohol group can interact with phospholipids to form complex, improving drug's physicochemical properties, thus further increasing its absorption and target tissue distribution. This study also provided theoretical reference for the research of other benzalcohol derivatives complexed with phospholipids.

Objective By analyzing the urinary calculi ingredient and 24-hour urinary stone risk factors of urolithiasis patients in Hengyang area,to investigate the effects of diet intervention on recurrence rate in urolithiasis patients,and provide the measures for prevention and treatment.Methods Prospectively collected 692 patients that permanent residents in Hengyang area from September 2008 to September 2012,who had implementation of minimally invasive operation and taken stone specimens to analyze composition,and also collected 24 hours urine to analyze the urinary stone risk factors.They were divided into test group and control group by random number table method,346 cases in each,control group without diet intervention,and test group was given diet intervention according to the stone composition and urinary stonerisk factors.All patients were followed up for 1 year,the urinary stone recurrence rate in Hengyang area was observed.Results Among 692 urolithiasis patients,663 patients completed the study (test group of 341 cases and control group of 322 cases),the expulsion rate was 4.19％(29/692).The 24-hour urinary stone risk factors in control group before and after diet intervention had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).In test group after diet intervention,the excretion of ingredients in urine such as dietary calcium (t =3.412,P ＜ 0.05),oxalate(t =3.018,P ＜ 0.05) and uric acid(t =1.990,P ＜ 0.05) was obviously decreased,and urinary citrate (t =3.174,P ＜ 0.05) was increased,but the excretion of ingredients such as magnesium and phosphorus had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After 1 year after diet intervention,the recurrence rate in test group was lower than that in control group [0.88％ (3/341) vs.7.76％ (25/322)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Diet intervention can effectively reduce the risk of urinary stone according to the stone composition and the 24 hours urine stone risk factors,plays an important role on reducing urinary stone recurrence,which is worth clinical promotion.

Objective To summarize the experience of minimally invasive treatment in upper ureteral calculi complicated with urinary tract infection.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 40 cases with upper ureteral calculi complicated with urinary tract infection who were treated from December 2009 to December 2013.Results Twenty-one cases were performed with retrograde catheterization at cystoscopy and 11 cases were performed with percutaneous nephrostomy directed by B-ultrasound in the stage Ⅰ,the infection were controlled after operation 2-6 d.These patients were successfully cured by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL),ureterorenoscope lithotripsy (URL) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the stage Ⅱ].The remaining 8 cases were successfully cured by URL with antiinfection therapy in the stage Ⅰ.All patients had no ureteral perforation,laceration,urine derived sepsis and severe bleeding complications.All of ureteral calculi were drained after 2-10 weeks.The average hospital stay was 13.4 d.Patients were followed up for 1-12 months after the stone expulsion,the average was 6 months.There was 3 patients who with preoperative renal dysfunction had been improved after URL,and other patients' renal function returned to normal.Conclusions The therapy of retrograde catheterization at cystoscopy and percutaneous nephrostomy directed by B-ultrasound in the stage Ⅰ,combined with ESWL,URL or PCNL in the stage Ⅱ in treating upper ureteral calculi complicated with urinary tract infection have more advantage such as less complication,rapid control of infection and complete removal of stones.It is an ideal method.