Objective To explore the expression of naturally occurring plasma anti-? amyloid (A?) antibody in children and youngsters .Methods According to each 10 years, 28 healthy cases aged from 1~30 years old were diviedd to 3 groups.In the 3 groups,the plasma anti-A? antibody was detacted by immunostained with paraffin sections from Tg2576 mice brain to make a specific tissue amyloid plaque immunoreactivity (TAPIR) and immunoprecipitation analysis. Results The total occurrence rate of anti-A? antibody was 27.8%. There was no significant difference of TAPIR positive rate in each age group. They had the similar immunospecialties to middle-aged and elderly healthy controls. Conclusion Plasma anti-A? antibody can be occured before amyloid deposits and senile plaques in brain.

0.05). ②Plasma endothelin in the two groups was remarkably decreased after treatment(P0.05).③ NO in the two groups was significantly increased after treatment(P0.05). Conclusion TFL can reduce blood pressure and improve endothelial cell function.

Objective To explore the effect of different types of statins combined with donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods According to the digital table,90 patients with AD were randomly divided into the statins A group(atrovstatin combined with donepezil) 31 cases,statins B group(simvastatin combined with donepezil)27 cases,and donepezil group(only with donepezil) 32 cases.All patients were treated for one year.The blood lipid level (including cholesterol (CH) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),mini-mental state examination(MMSE),activity of daily living(ADL) and global deterioration scale (GDS) were detected and compared respectively among groups before and after treatment.Results The MMSE,ADL and GDS scores of the donepezil group were (17.00 ± 2.99) points,(60.44 ± 14.57) points,(4.28 ± 1.22) points,respectively,which were worse than those of the statins A group [(19.90 ± 3.07) points,(71.61 ± 18.50) points,(3.39 ± 1.15) points] (t =0.218,P ＜ 0.05,t =2.669,P ＜ 0.01,t =2.562,P ＜ 0.01) and statins B group [(19.88 ± 6.66) points,(71.89 ± 19.61) points,(3.37 ±l.39)points](t=l.959,P ＜0.05,t=2.991,P ＜0.0l,t=2,265,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The combination of donepezil and statins can effectively improve cognitive function and daily living ability in patients with AD,and its effect is superior to single use of donepezil.

Objective To assess sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) for DNA fragmentation evaluation in human infertility, and the correlation between these two methods. Methods We used SCSA and SCD assays to detect DNA fragmentation in sperm from 134 infertile men. The correlation of SCSA and SCD assays was analyzed. The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was divided into 3 groups (≤15%DFI, >15~≤30%DFI and>30%DFI), and the difference between SCSA and SCD assays was assessed. Results The SCSA assay was strongly correlated with the SCD assay for sperm DNA fragmentation (r=0.915, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between>15~ ≤30%DFI and>30%DFI groups. However, SCD showed higher levels of DNA fragmentation than that measured by SCSA for≤15%DFI group (13.50 4.82 vs 9.79 2.60, P<0.001). Conclusion There is a strong positive correlation between SCSA and SCD assays in detection of DNA fragmentation. SCD assay showed higher levels of DNA fragmentation than that measured by SCSA for≤15%DFI group.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization after cardiac surgery.Methods 1 770 patients underwent cardiac surgery in Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital from April 2009 to February 2011 were enrolled.Based on the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline of AKI,the patients were divided into the AKI and the nonAKI groups,and followed up for 2 years.The 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) was compared between the two groups.Factors influencing the 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced CKD were also analyzed.Results Among all the patients,715 (40.4％) of them were developed AKT.(1) The 2-year survival rate of the AKI group was lower than that of the non-AKI group (83.2％ vs 93.6％ ;P ＜0.05).Compared with the non-AKI group,AKI group had an increased risk for death with the hazard ratio of 1.710 (95％ CI 1.250-2.340).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was an independent factor for death with the risk intensity just less than diabetes and chronic cardiac insufficiency.The advanced age,the preoperative history of chronic cardiac insufficiency and the time of staying in ICU also significantly increased the risk of death.(2) Compared with patients without AKI (0.2 ％),the incidence of the 2-year of advanced CKD was higher in patients with AKI (6.7 ％ ; P ＜ 0.05) with an hazard ratio of 31.220 (95 ％ CI 7.550-129.110).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was still the independent risk factor for advanced CKD after adjustment of other factors.In addition,diabetes,the time of the cardiopulmonary bypass and the time of staying in ICU were also associated with the risk for the advanced CKD.Conclusions AKI is common after cardiac surgery,which was associated with a decrease in the 2-year survival rate and an increase in the incidence of advanced CKD of patients,which emphasized the importance of prevention and treatment of AKI,and close follow-up of renal function for the improvement of patient long-term prognosis.

The etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still kept to be unknown;up to now,no method is proved to be effective and safe for its prevention and treatment.Recent data have shown that gut microbiota might participate in the onset and development of AD via a variety of pathways.From the perspective of gut microbiota,this review will retrospectively analyze the influence of gut microbiota on AD pathogenesis,outlook its application values of in preventing and treating AD.

Almost all active immunotherapy attempts which targeted at clearing or reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in brains of patients with Alzheimer'disease (AD) were fallen into unprecedented difficulties,because of unsatisfactory curative effects.Recently,more and more evidences support that low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) is involved in Aβ production and clearance through multiple non-immune pathways,which has showed the potential as a whole-new interference target different with classical Aβ immunotherapies.So,we try to summarize the research developments of roles of LRP1 in Aβ metabolic process in physiological and AD conditions,and look forward to its possible applications in the prevention and treatment of AD.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of domestic sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD).Methods:One patient diagnosed with probable sCJD in our hospital in October 2019 was firstly reported; the clinical data of this patient were retrospectively analyzed combining with those of 82 patients publicly reported in domestic core journals on China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI and WANFANG databases from 2009 to 2019 and met with MRI-CJD consortium criteria for sCJD.Results:Of the total 83 patients, 78 were diagnosed as clinically probable sCJD and other 5 as definite sCJD. There were 45 males and 38 females; the median age was 63 (58, 68) years. The course of disease was recorded in 56 patients, and the time from onset to death was 4.3 (2.9, 7.0) months. The onset and main symptoms were diverse and non-specific, however, progressive cognitive impairments, myoclonus, ataxia, visual dysfunction, akinetic mutism frequently occurred during the whole disease course. As compared with those in patients less than or equal to 65 years old, cerebellar symptoms and visual impairment occurred more frequently in patients over 65 years old ( P< 0.05). High diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signals were detected on the cortex and/or the basal ganglia and/or the thalamus of 92.4% patients (73/79). Meanwhile, akinetic mutism was more likely to appear in patients with basal ganglia involvements than the unaffected ones (62.5% vs. 25.8%, P<0.05). Abnormal cortical DWI high signals in one patient were detected 7 months before the appearance of first symptom, and four patients who were clinically confirmed by dynamic follow-up DWI presented clinical symptoms highly corresponding to changes in DWI signals in brain regions. Conclusions:The sCJD tends to occur in the middle-aged and elderly patients, with high heterogeneity in clinical symptoms, durations and abnormal DWI signals, and symptoms caused by damage in posterior cranial fossa occur more frequently in patients over 65 years old; the DWI lesions in basal segment might be seen as a sign for deterioration of disease. Dynamic DWI follow-up may be helpful for early detection and objective reflection of sCJD intracerebral lesions.

More and more evidences suggest that the gut-brain axis is comprehensively involved in the entire pathological courses of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is a new source of its β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau pathologies and chronic inflammations in the brain. In this paper, the potential targets and application prospects in the prevention and treatment of AD are discussed from the aspects of gastrointestinal tract, intracerebral inflammation and intestinal flora.

Objective To discuss the safety and curative effect of superior rectal artery chemoembolization in treating rectal cancer complicated by hepatic metastasis.Methods A total of 17 patients with rectal cancer complicated by hepatic metastases were treated with hepatic arterial chemoembolization together with subsequent superior rectal artery chemoembolization.Super-selective catheterization of superior rectal artery with a 3-F microcatheter was performed first,which was followed by perfusion of 5-Fu and oxaliplatin through the microcatheter,and then irinotecan and Lipiodol emulsion was injected.Results Technical success was obtained in all 17 patients.In 2-7 days after the treatment,the amount of faeces containing mucus,blood and pus was significantly increased,besides,obvious necrotic tissues could be observed in the faeces in some patients.Among the 3 patients who had complained of abdominal pain,the pain disappeared in 3 days (n=2) or in 5 days (n=1) after the treatment.One week after the treatment,anal pain disappeared in 5 patients and was remarkably improved in 2 patients;tenesmus feeling was significantly relieved in 7 patients although the improvement of tenesmus feeling was not obvious in other 4 patients.During the long period following-up,no intestinal perforation or local infection was observed.Conclusion For the treatment of rectal cancer associated with hepatic metastasis,superior rectal artery chemoembolization is safe and effective.It can quickly cause rectal tumor necrosis,which is an important therapeutic response in treating rectal cancer with comprehensive therapy.