BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive vision-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus,but its pathogenic mechanism is still unclear. Recent studies showed that it may be associated with the inflammation response of retinal capillary. Cytokines can cause induction of proinflammatory and adhesion molecules and thereby increase monocyte endothelial cell adhesion, which is now accepted as the early key event in the development of DR. ObjectiveThe present study was to determine the relationship between the stages of DR and the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) , interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in diabetic patients. Methods This was a pilot case-controlled study. Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this clinical trial and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled as controls. The patients were grouped into the non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR) group,background DR group and proliferative DR(PDR) group according to the results from ophthalmoscopic examination and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) ,with 30 patients for each group. The levels of serum VEGF,IL-2,TNF-α were assayed by ELISA and compared among the 4 groups.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before received any related medical examination to this study. ResultsThe mean serum VEGF levels were(217.35±27. 87)ng/L,(298.31±49.26)ng/L,and(341.23±40. 18)ng/L, respectively, and mean serum IL-2 levels were( 12. 12± 1. 57 )ng/L, (16.43 ±2. 26 )ng/L, and (21.36±0. 86) ng/L,respectively and mean serum TNF-α levels were( 11.63±0. 94) ng/L, ( 17. 52±0. 65) ng/L,and(22. 01±0. 87 ) ng/L respectively in the patients with NDR ,background DR and PDR, showing significant differences from healthy controls with( 193.46±37. 39 ) ng/L for serum VEGF, ( 8. 99 ±0. 57 ) ng/L for serum IL-2 and ( 7.31 ±0. 52 ) ng/L for serum TNF-α ( F =126. 38, P＜0. 0 1 ;F =120. 37, P＜0. 01 ;F =99. 84, P＜0. 01 ). The levels of serum VEGF, IL-2, and TNF-α in the patients with the NDR,background DR and PDR were increased significantly. The level of serum VEGF showed the positively significant correlation with serum IL-2 level and TNF-α level ( r =0. 749, P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0. 631,P＜0. 01 ). The serum levels of VEGF, IL-2 and TNF-α showed a significantly positive correlation with the prolongation and severity of DR(r=0. 791 ,P＜0. 01 ;r=0. 665 ,P＜0. 01 ;r=0. 632,P＜0. 01 ). ConclusionsVEGF, IL-2 and TNF-α play active roles in the generation and development of diabetic retinopathy, and the level of serum VEGF is closely associated with the levels of serum IL-2 and TNF-α. during the development of DR.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Sanhuang decoction combined with compound amino acid liposome healing membrane on treatment stage Ⅲ pressure ulcer. METHODS:According to the random number table,ninety cases of stage Ⅲ pres-sure ulcer were divided into control group A,control group B,and experimental group with 30 cases in each group. On the basis of the basic processing for each group,control group A was treated by dressing change with Sanhuang decoction only,control group B by dressing change with compound amino acid liposome healing membrane only,and experimental group by dressing change with Sanhuang decoction combined with compound amino acid liposome healing membrane. The results of treatment were observed and the curative effects were compared among 3 groups after 21 days or pressure ulcer healing. Three groups were com-pared with chi-square test and each two groups were compared with chi-square segmentation method. RESULTS:There was no dif-ference on total curative effect in control group A(62.1%)and control group B(66.7%)(P>0.05),however,there was statistical significance on total curative effect in experimental group(93.3%)and control group A(P<0.05),also in experimental group and control group B(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The effect of Sanhuang decoction combined with compound amino acid liposome healing membrane on treatment of stage Ⅲ pressure ulcer is better than the effect of dressing change with Sanhuang decoction only or compound amino acid liposome healing membrane only,and the healing time of wound is shortened. This research is deserved further study.

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Occipital Lobe ; pathology ; Prognosis

Objective To analyze the relationship among the general self-efficacy,self-esteem and professional identification of nursing baccalaureate students and to provide some suggestions for educational practice. Methods A total of 403 nursing baccalaureate students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges were recruited. They were investigated with general self-efficacy scale (GSES), Rosenberg self-esteem scale(SES)and questionnaire for baccalaureate nursing students (QBNS). The relationship among general self-efficacy,self-esteem and professional identification was analyzed by multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results The mean score of general self-efficacy was 23.81± 5.27. There were significant differences in the score of general self-efficacy among different grades and enrollment methods (P<0.01). The nursing students,general self-efficacy was positively correlated with self-esteem,professional identification,professional emotion and professional skills(r=0.11-0.50, P<0.05). Conclusions Nursing educator should pay attention to the cultivation of self-esteem and professional identity in the training of nursing student in order to improve the self-efficacy of nursing students.

To explore the relationships between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutional types and overweight or obesity so as to provide evidence for adjusting constitutional bias and preventing and treating obesity.

Objective To study the expression and significance of multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) in children with refractory epilepsy (RE). Methods Children with RE (n = 30), non-RE (n = 30) and healthy children (n=30) were collected. The expression of MDR1-mRNA in peripheral blood was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The relationship of MDRI-mRNA with epileptic frequency and numbers of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were observed. Results The expression of MDR1 in RE group obviously increased when compared with that of non-RE group and healthy group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) ; MDR1 expression was more among patients with high frequent epilepsy than patients with low frequent epilepsy (P < 0.01) ; more in patients administered with four kinds of AEDs than those with two or three kinds of AEDs (P < 0.01). Concinsions MDR1 overexpression in blood of children with RE may be linked to drug-resistant mechanism of RE. It might be used as a clinical indicator of RE.

OBJECTIVETo explore rest, cold compress and elevate (RICE) with rest, compress and elevate (RCE) without cold for the treatment of acute ankle sprain, in order to clear mid-term clinical effects.

METHODSEighty-nine patients with acute ankle sprains were collected from January 2013 to March 2014,including 30 males and 59 females aged from 18 to 60 years old with an average of 36 years old; the time from injury to hospital ranged from 3 to 24 h with an average of 9 h. All patients were divided into two groups according to visiting sequence. There were 45 patients in RICE group, and 45 patients in RCE groups. The main therapeutic effect index was evaluated by Karlsson scoring, and secondary therapeutic effect index was pain and satisfactory VAS scores. Safety index evaluated by adverse event.

RESULTSOn the 2nd weeks after injury, Karlsson score in RICE group was 44.66 ± 11.58, and 46.67 ± 8.52 in RCE group, while there was no statistical significance between two groups in Karlsson scores (P > 0.05). Karlsson score of two groups after treatment were higher than before treatment. There was no significantly meaning in pain and satisfactory VAS scores between two groups (P > 0.05). No adverse reaction were occurred between two groups.

CONCLUSIONCold compress did not receive much more final gains, and no evidence showed cold compress could affect recovery of joint function.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Case-Control Studies ; Cold Temperature ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sprains and Strains ; physiopathology ; therapy

To study the effects of alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma on low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA expression and antihyperlipedemic levels. The LDLR mRNA expression were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum were measured at the first and last examination. The results show that, after the drug treatment, compared with the model group, each drug group showed a lipid-lowering effect. Especially, coptisine, palmatine, jatrorrhinze were significantly reduced TC, TG, LDL-c (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and increased HDL-c (P < 0.01). In addition, they also increased mRNA expression of the LDLR in liver and HepG2 cells. The results showed that alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma can regulate lipid metabolism disorder, and coptisine have the best lipid-lowering effect.
Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Lipids ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Mesocricetus ; Receptors, Lipoprotein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Objective To discuss the distance training for medical staff of children's rehabilitation. Methods 15 lessions were carried out using computer software from April, 2013 to November, 2014 in our centre. 7 cooperative hospitals participated the trainings. The implemen-tation effect was surveyed after training. Results 2693 person-times attended the trainings, including 2109 person-times with living distance training and 584 person-times with video distance training. In the following sampling survey, 92.8%staff thought that the distance training was helpful to their work. 98.6%staff thought that the living distance training was better than the video distance training and 88.6%staff thought their rehabilitation level improved after the distance training. Conclusion The distance training of children's rehabilitation has the advantages of economy, convenience and celerity. It has a wide developmental prospect.

Puerarin (PUE), as an isoflavone component, has a wide range of pharmacological activities, while its poorly aqueous solubility limits the development of solid oral dosage forms. In this study, PUE along with nicotinamide (NIC) were prepared into the coamorphous system by solvent-evaporation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition, its dissolution behavior and solubilization mechanism were also investigated. PUE-NIC coamorphous was a single homogeneous binary system, with a single glass transition temperature at 35.1 ℃. In comparison to crystalline PUE, during the dissolution process, coamorphous PUE-NIC not only exhibited the "liquid-liquid phase separation" (LLPS) phenomenon, but the formation of A_p type complexation (1∶1 and 1∶2) between PUE and NIC molecules was also verified, which significantly improved the solubility of PUE and prolonged the supersaturation time, and would benefit its absorption.