Human metapneumovirus (HMPV)is a recently discovered virus associated with respiratory tract infection. Most infections with HMPV occurred during winter and spring. Children, elderly subjects and immunosuppressed hostsare susceptible. The consequences of HMPV infections ranged from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia. There are three different kinds of methods for the diagnosis of HMPV infections, detection of virus antigen-antibody, virus isolation by culture, and RNA detection by reverse transcription-PCR. Symptomatic therapy is the main method of treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of pioglitazone on secreation and mRNA expressions of TNF-? in adipocytes of high-cholesterol model rats.METHODS:30 rats fed with high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks were randomly assigned to receive high cholesterol diet alone(high-cholesterol group,n=15) or high-cholesterol diet plus pioglitazone(3 mg?kg-1?d-1) (pioglitazone group,n=15) for 4 weeks.Another 15 rats were assigned to control group and fed with common diet for 12 weeks.Then the rats were sacrificed,with indexes such as blood lipid,serum concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-? in adipocytes of high-cholesterol rats determined.Besides,normal adipocytes were taken and treated with lipopolysaccharide and different concentrations of pioglitazone (0.1,1.0,10.0 ?mol?L-1) followed by a determination of TNF-? level and mRNA expression level.RESULTS:Compared with high-cholesterol group,serum concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-? in pioglitazone group were significantly lowered,but pioglitazone treatment showed little impact on blood sugar level and blood lipid level.Pioglitazone(0.1,1.0,10.0 ?mol?L-1) dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-? secretion and mRNA expression in cultured adipocytes.CONCLUSION:Pioglitazone can reduce TNF-? level of fatty tissue and serum in high-cholesterol model rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of early jejunal nutrition combined with enteral infusion of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.Methods 10 patients with Severe acute pancreatitis were selected as group A,the implementation of the X-line built-jejunal tube through the nose,early enteral nutrition and joint Dachengqi Tom jejunum treatment.10 patients with severe pancreatitis were selected as group B,taken TPN nutrition therapy.Results A group of patients with abdominal pain and bloating relief at the time was better than group B( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; A group of mortality and multiple organ failure was less than the number of cases in group B ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The effects of early enteral nutrition combined with enteral infusion of traditional Chinese medicine was more effective than the traditional treatment.

Astrocytes are the most abundant neuronal cells in the central nervous system.It plays an important physiological role.In the process of cerebral ischemia,astrocyte activation is one of the major changes in the central nervous system.The activated astrocytes can play a neuroprotective role through the mechanisms such as maintaining ionic balance,regulating energy metabolism,removing excitatory amino acids,against oxidative stress,and secreting neuroprotective substances.However,astrocyte activation after cerebral ischemia also has its disadvantage.This article reviews the neuroprotective and damage roles of astrocyte activation during cerebral ischemia.It also investigates its regulatory mechanisms in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Objective The goal of this work is to evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of a new 2D diode array (Mapcheck from Sun Nuclear Corporation,Melbourne,Florida) and assess the role it can play in routine IMRT QA. Methods Fundamental properties of the Mapcheck such as reproducibility and linearity were studied for high-energy photon beams. Clinical performance of the MapCheck for relative and absolute dosimetry was demonstrated with head and neck IMRT plans,and compared with plan dose distribution. Absolute dose measured by Ion chamber and Mapcheck are compared with the one given in TPS. Results The Mapcheck offers the dosimetric characteristics required for performing both relative and absolute dose measurements. Conclusion Mapcheck can provide the verification of absolute dose and relative dose. Its use in the clinic can simplify and reduce the IMRT QA workload.

Objective To investigate the relationship between amniotic fluid glucose concentration, amniotic fluid volume and neonatal birth weight in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Two hundred and fifty-five singleton, normal term pregnant women were divided into three groups: GDM, gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) and normal pregnancy according to the results of a 50 g, 1 hour glucose challenge test (GCT) or of a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). There were 85 study subjects in each group. All women had GCT at 24-28 gestational weeks. When they had a positive GCT, in which glucose level was ≥7.8 mmol/L,and 0.05), but was significantly higher than that in normal group, (12.7?3.2)cm (P0.05). (4) Among women with GDM, AFG was significantly correlated with AFI (r=0.330, P=0.002), NBW (r=0.347, P=0.001), MFG (r=0.589, P

Objective To study the changes of adriamycin-induced glomerular epithelial cells (GECs) permeability and cytoskeleton, and to explore the role and possible mechanism of epithelia growth factor (EGF) on adriamycin-induced glomerular epithelial barrier function. Methods Rat GECs on Milicell-PCF Inserts were exposed to adriamycin (0.5 ?mmol/L) 24 hours in the absence or presence of EGF. The paracelluar permeability to BSA and cell viability were evaluated. The expression of F-actin and alpha-actinin were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Leica laser scan confocal microscopy. Results After induced by adriamycin for 24 hours, paracelluar permeability to BSA and F-actin reorganization rate increased. Disassembling of cortical cytoskeleton architecture was observed. Stress fiber in cytoplasm disappeared. Alpha-actinin staining showed perinuclear enhancement, which is different from normal cytosolic pattern. EGF significantly reduced adriamycin induced effect. Higher level of BSA passed through GEC monolayer in a dose-dependent manner. EGF prevented adriamycin-induced cytoskeletal reorganization. Disassembled cortical cytoskeleton was recovered, and stress fiber appeared again. Alpha-actinin staining mainly exhibited cytosolic uniform distribution as control GEC. In addition, administration of either AG1478, a specific inhibitor of EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase, or U73122, a specific inhibitor of PLC? before EGF treatment attenuated the EGF-mediated effect, whereas neither AG1478 nor U73122 exerted influence in the absence of EGF. Conclusions Adriamycin increases GEC paracellular permeability to BSA as a result of adriamycin-induced cytoskeleton disassembling and disruption. EGF may prevent adriamycininduced cytoskeleton reorganization and maintain glomerular epithelial barrier function through EGF mediated EGF-EGFR-PLC? signal pathway.

Traditional operation for esophageal cancer includes esophagectomy and digestive tract reconstruction,which is associated with more postoperative complications and high mortalities due to severe trauma.Endoscopic surgery(including thoracoscope,mediastinoscope,and laparoscope) for radical resection of esophageal cancer has mild operative trauma,less bleeding and mild postoperative pain,resulting in less postoperative complications and low mortalities.This article analyzes the current status of endoscopic surgery in radical operation of esophageal cancer and the existing problems,providing reference for the development of minimally invasive surgery of esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. TIMP-2 during the course of traumatie pro- liferative vitreoretinopathy (tPVR) in rat retina treated with GM6001 and without GM6001 and evaluate the interventiunal effect uf GM6001 on tPVR. Design Experimental study. Participants 108 SD rats. Methods Rats were divided randomly into three groups: the Ns control group, the tPVR group, the tPVR treated with GM6001 group. The expression of MMP-2. MMP-9 and TIMP-1. TIMP-2 in retina was analyzed by Western Blot on day 1, 3. 7, 14, 21 and 28. Main Outcome Measures The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, TIMP-1 in the SD rats' retina of every group. Results The results of Western Blot showed that the expression of MMP-2 in the SD rats' retina of the tPVR group was stronger than the one in other groups at day 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28: the tPVR treated with GM6001 group was weaker than the one in the tPVR group at day 14, 21 and 28d. The expression of MMP-9 in the tPVR group was stronger than the one in other groups at all time; the cireumstance of tPVR treated with GM6001 group was weaker than the one in the tPVR group at day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21. The rate of MMP-2/TIMP-2 of the SD rats" retina in the tPVR group increased at day 14, 21 and 28, and it was lower in the tPVR treated with GM6001 group compared with the tPVR group. The rate of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in the tPVR group increased at all time, and it degraded in the tPVR treated with GM6001 group as compared with the tPVR group. Conclusions The dishalance of MMP-2 and TIMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 involves with the course of tPVR. GM6001 playes an important role in in- terfering the course of tPVR by regulating the balance of these cell faetors.

Thiamin and riboflavin content of 15 varieties of rice processed in Guandong province in 3 different milling degrees (unpolished, standard and top grade) were estimated fluorospectrophotometrically. The thiamin content was averaged 0.48?0.01mg/100g for unpolished rice,0.33?0.07mg/100g for standard second grade and 0.16?0.04 mg/100g for top grade rice. The riboflivin content was averaged 0.09 ?0.02mg/100g for unpolished, 0.07?0.01mg/100g for standard second grade and 0.05 ?0.01mg/100g for top grade rice. Rice from Cing Er Ai, Min Ke Zhati, Qi Gui Zhao, Za You, and Zhong Gui rich in thiamin and the mixed third class rice from Shangshui county was rich in riboflaflavin. Rice from both Zhong Gui and Qi Gui Zhao was rich in thiamin and riboflivin. The thiamin and riboflavin content in rice depended on the rice variety and the area where rice was grown. The thiamin content in rice from Nan Hai County was higher than that from Shangshui and Guao Yiao Counties.Certain amount of thiamin and riboflavin was lost in the same kind of rice with diffeererit millig degrees. As compared with unpolished rice, the standard second grade rice lost about 30.63% of thiamin, 22.36% of riboflavin and the top grade rice lost 65.35% and 45.00% respectively.There was some thiamin and riboflavin loss during different storage periods, 4.85% of thiamin, 4.23% of riboflavin were lost after 6 months storage, and 10.3% of thiamin, 7.04% of riboflavin lost after one year storage.In order to improve the nutrition status of the people, it is necessary to advocate people to consume fresh and standard grade rice and to encourage cultivators to grow crops rich in nutrients.