Objective To analyze the epidemiological status and drug resistance to common antibiotics of non-fermentative bacilli in our hospital,in order to provide the guideline for reasonable use of antibiotics.Methods A total of 825 strains of non-fermentative bacilli from various clinical specimen were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 825 strains of non repetitive non-fermentative bacilli were isolated.The first of the three vibrionaceae were 301 strains Pseudomonas Aeruginosa accounted for 36.48％,279 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii accounted for 33.81％,a few malt raise form afterbirth fungus 245 plants accounted for 26.69％.Strains isolated from phlegm,urine and pharynx swab were 580(70.30％),105(12.73％) and 68(8.24％) respectively.Infections with non-fermentative bacilli occurred in the department of respiratory medicine,surgery and ICU were 290 (35.15％),212 (25.70％) and 125 (15.03％) respectively.The susceptibility results of antibiotics showed that the resistant rate of bactrim,Cefotaxime,and Ceftriaxone was beyond 85.00％ with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.Acinetobacter baumannii strains of Amikacin,Aztreonam,cefotaxime resistance rate was beyond 36.00％,while beyond 95.00％strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive with Imipenem and Meropenem.The resistant rate of Cefepime,Imipene,m,Meropenem,Cefotaxim-c,Aztreonam was beyond 100.00％ with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,while which were sensitive with Minocycline.Conclusion Non-fermentative Bacilli hospital infection is the main pathogenic bacteria,and existence multiple drug resistance to antimicrobial agents.

17 cases (18 eyes)of paralytic esotropia were treated with injection of botulinum toxin A(BTA) into extraocular muscles. The maximum therapeutic paralytic effect occurred in 7～10 days following the injection and the maximum correction of strabismus was 50~△. The cases were followed up 4～20 weeks and 5 cases attained eventual binocular vision. No systemic complications occured. The authors believe that the injection of BTA may be an alternative to treatment for some cases of strabismus.

At the beginning of a standard item, the standardized objects and involved contents should be demonstrated thoroughly, which is the precondition of establishing a good standard. After the proposal of this standard, a high-level drafting group should be built, led by top specialists who also draft the standard, which is essential to guarantee the quality of the standard. Before drafting the standard, literature regarding this standard should be searched completely, and Directives for Standardization should be learned to understand the basic requirements of establishing a standard; in the meanwhile, selections on standardized contents and quantitative boundaries of technical indices should be comprehensively and deeply studied. At the stage of consultation, focus should be paid on the scope of the consultation departments, level and personnel quality. As for standard review, it should be precise and truth-seeking. At the stage of submitting and authorization, it is necessary to have timely communication. Only by full cooperations of all parties, and by strictly following the procedure, method and rule of standard establishment, can a high-quality acupuncture-moxibustion standard be established.
Acupuncture ; manpower ; organization & administration ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards

The tobacco epidemic is a problem with serious consequence for public health in the whole world. Reducing the tobacco harm and protecting public health have become a crucial topic for ethics. This paper, firstly, presents some facts related to the tobacco epidemic. Based on these facts, then, it analyzes the issue from ethical perspectives. And finally, it discusses the moral responsibilities for reducing the tobacco epidemic.

AIM: To explore the relationship between different timing of vitreous surgery and prognosis after the open globe injuries.
METHODS:Fifty-eight cases (58 eyes) with open globe injuries were chosen in our hospital from June 2011 to June 2013, and randomly divided into observation group and control group to have vitreous surgery in early phase and normal time respectively. Thirty cases ( 30 eyes ) in the observation group were received vitreous surgery during 3d, and 28 cases (28 eyes) in the control group from one to two weeks. The vitreous surgery of two groups of patients were finished by the author herself. The ocular injury before surgery, the effect of surgery treatment and the incidence of complications after surgery of the two groups of patients were compared.
RESULTS: The eye damage situation such as lens rupture, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment and corneal laceration of two groups of patients before surgery were no significant statistical difference ( P >0.05). The postoperative therapeutic effect of observation group was better than the control group (χ2=6. 869, P<0.05 ); the postoperative complications of observation group was obviously lower than the control group (P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: The timing of vitreous surgery of patients with open globe injuries correlate with the prognosis, which prompts that better therapeutic effect can be achieved and the occurrence of complications can be reduced in early vitreous surgery of the patients with open globe injuries.

Objective: To study the effects ot intravenous 1％ procaine on cortex. Method: Ten patients,aged 29-59 years,for elective surgical operations,were observed the changes of spectral edge frequency(SEF), medium power frequency (MPF)and ? rate(?R)on power spectral analysis and bispectral index(Bl)on bispectral analysis during intravenous propofol 4 mg?kg~(-1)? h~(-1) purely for 15 min,intravenous combination of 1％ procaine 1mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) and propofol for 30 min, then intravenous propofol 4mg?kg~(-1)?h~(-1)purely for 15min. Result: SEF,MPF and BI values during combination stage were lower significantly (15.46?1.87Hz, 7.21?2.01Hz, 68.77?7.99 respectively)than the values during other two stages(stage 1 and stage 2 were 21.36?2.79Hz,11.55?2.62Hz,85.6?8.84 and 20.59?3.10Hz, 9.5?3.44Hz, 84.97?8.71 respectively, P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of atorvastatin combined with valsartan on efficacy,safety and related indi-cators in patients with chronic nephritis. METHODS:86 patients with chronic nephritis were randomly divided into control group (43 cases)and observation group(43 cases). All patients were given low-salt,low-protein and high-quality diet with protein intake of 0.8 g/(kg·d),appropriately given Cyclophosphamide tablet,Prednisone tablet,Penicillin V potassium tablet and other conven-tional treatment. Based on it,control group was given 160 mg valsartan,once a day in early morning. Observation group was addi-tionally given 20 mg atorvastatin,once a day before bedtime. They were treated for 6 months. Clinical efficacy,24 h protein amount (24 h pro),serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),glomerular filtration rate (GFR),C-reactive protein (CRP),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG ),low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in 2 groups were observed,and incidence of adverse reactions was followed-up for 9 months. RESULTS:The total effective rate in ob-servation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in 24 h pro,Scr,BUN,GFR,CRP,TC,TG,LDL and HDL between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,24 h pro,Scr,BUN and CRP in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,GFR was significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,the differenc-es were statistically significant(P<0.05). TC and LDL in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,HDL was higher than be-fore,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);but there were no significant differences in the TG between 2 groups and before and after treatment(P>0.05). And there was no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,the efficacy of atorvastatin combined with valsartan is superior to valsartan alone in the treatment of chronic nephritis,and it can significantly improve renal functions,with similar short-term safety.

Interleukin-18 is an inactive precursor which lacks a signal peptide,it has a role inregulating retinal pathological angiogenesis.It also inhibits experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV)via interferon-γand thrombospondin-1.Currently little is known about its mechanisms of inhibition forCNV,may be speculated to be due to effects of anti-angiogenesis,down-regulates vascular permeability andlower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels via directly acting on the vascular endothelial celland epithelial cells.Exogenous administration of mature recombinant interleukin-18 has no adverse effect onretinal pigment epithelial cell viability.In addition,the anti-VEGF role of interleukin-18 is tested to be safeand effective for humans.Interleukin-18 alone or in combination with anti-VEGF shows to be a goodprospect for improving the prognosis of experimental CNV.However,more large clinical studies arerequired to confirm the exact efficacy of interleukin-18 for CNV.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuanghuanglian oral liquid combined with cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infection. METHODS:184 patients with bacterial respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into test group and control group. Test group was orally given 250 mg Cefuroxime axetil tablet,twice a day+20 ml Shuanghuanglian oral liquid,3 times a day. Control group was only given Cefuroxime axetil tablet (the same dosage as test group). The treatment course for 2 groups was 2 weeks. The cough duration,body temperature recovery time and runny nose disap-pearing time before and after treatment and bacterial clearance rate in 2 groups were observed,clinical efficacy and incidence of ad-verse reactions were recorded. RESULTS:After treatment,the total effective rate in test group was significantly higher than control group,cough duration,body temperature recovery time and runny nose disappearing time were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);and there were no significant differences in the bacterial clearance rate and incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of Shuanghuanglian oral liquid combined with ce-furoxime axetil is superior to cefuroxime axetil alone in the treatment of bacterial respiratory infections,with similar safety.