This paper is aimed to promote the learning interest and motivation of students and improve the teaching effect, then the interactive courseware of analysis of abnormal gait is done. A courseware should emphasize particularly on optic analysis of abnormal gait, which is closely related to clinical medicine. The interactive courseware was organized with Office 2000, Photo shop 7.0, 3D Studio MAX 3.0 and Hero Super Player 6.5, in which several materials were included, such as the video kinescope of abnormal gaits, clinical features, analysis of mechanics, etiologic analysis and rehabilitation measures of abnormal gaits. There are some pushbuttons in the courseware to achieve controls, such as play, pause, speed, recoil and return end. A majority of students believe that their learning interests of the abnormal gait analysis are improved and have a perceptible idea about abnormal gait that is abstract and vague.

Objective To investigate the generative and regulatory effects of AchMR on P 3a and its mechanism in different subregions of rabbit cingulate gyrus. Methods Event related potentials(ERPs) P 3a potentials in Normal, AcgI, AcgⅡand Pcg regions were recorded after microinfusion of 0.5 mmol/L scopolamine at three different time points(instantly, at the 15th minute and at the 30th minute), 2 mmol/L acetylcholine and 1 mmol/L scopolamine. Results The P 3a amplitude decreased and/or P 3a latency increased with scopolamine in time and dose dependent pattern in AcgⅠ, AcgⅡ and Pcg, and P 3a might disappear only in AcgⅠ and the P 3a again be recorded after microinfusion of acetylcholine in AcgⅠ. Conclusion The action of AchMR in AcgⅠ area markedly affects the generation and/or regulation of P 3a and confirms the AcgⅠ is the source of rabbit P 3a potential. The action of neurons in AcgⅠ might facilitate the P 3a potential.

Objective To investigate possible nerological origination of rabbit P3a potential. Method we simultaneously recorded the ERPs at dura and various depths beneath the skull in a point of rabbit skull, similarly did some in different points of rabbit skull. Result In the Brodmann 25 and 32 areas(AcgI), the polarity of P3a to those at dura was markedly reverse and the reverse rate of P3a(81.3%) was significantly higher than other locations, the P3a without polarity reversal showed steep voltage gradient. There was an increasing trend of the P3a reversal and moderate voltage gradient nearby the AcgI, but not other regions. Conclusion Rabbit P3a potential possibly originate from the AcgI acea.

Great progress has been made on vaccine research for schistosomiasis,including those on immune mec-hanism and Schistosoma genome which have made active effect to vaccine development.This paper reviews the progress on the candidate vaccine antigens including protein vaccine,DNA vaccine and multivalent vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum.

Pancreatic cancer is a commonly malignant gastrointestinal tumor with an obviously increasing incidence all over the world.Those patients without specific symptoms at early stage had mostly lost the opportunity of surgical therapy when pancreatic cancer was detected at advanced stage,and their prognosis is poor.Therefore,it is rather crucial to improve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Tumor marker is a considerable tool for early tumor detection and screening.It will help to improve the diagnostic rate of early pancreatic cancer and promote the prognosis of pancreatic cancer if we could find out tumor markers and screen one or a group of pancreatic cancer tumor markers.

Objective:To optimize the formula of nifedipine nanoemulsion (NFNE) to lay foundation for the development of nifedipine transdermal preparation.Methods:The content of nifedipine as the index,the compositions in the formula were screened out by single factor experiments,and then the formula of NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the ratio of emulsifier to co-emulsifier,ratio of mixed emulsifiers to oil phase and the amount of water as the influencing factors.N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) was used as the transdermal enhancer.The formula of TMC-NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the degree of quaternization of TMC,the concentration of TMC solution and the amount of TMC solution as the influencing factors.The quality evaluation of TMC-NFME was determined including appearance,type identification,particle size and drug content.Results:The optimal formula was as follows:7% ethyl oleate,32% Tween 80,16% alcohol,45%water and the mass ratio of TMC of 0.45%.The type of the emulsion was O/W.The content of NFNE,TMC20-NFNE,TMC40-NFNE and TMC60-NFNE was (12.76±0.22),(14.76±0.16),(12.26±0.18) and (12.92±0.27) mg·ml-1,respectively.The particle size was 13.62,17.10,16.26 and 17.25 nm,respectively.The morphology of the nanoemulsion was spherical.Conclusion:The optimal formula and preparation process of TMC-NFNE are simple with high drug content,which is worthy of further studies.

In this article, monoclonal antibody to mouse uterine cervical carcinoma (U_(14)), AU_(14-1), was used for immunohistochemical analysis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix to investigate the incidence and significance of the expression of the antigen detected by AU_(14-1) in human cervical lesions. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. It was reported that positive staining with AU_(14-1) was detected in 20 of the 20 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 of the 13 adenocarcinomas, 15 of the 21 carcinomas in situ, 2 of the 24 anaplasia, and 2 of the 20 chronic cervicitis. It is suggested that the expression of the U_(14) antigen may be related to malignant transformation in the cervix.

The TD。 of mouse uterine cervical carcinoma (U_(14)) were inoculated subcutaneously in syngenic mice. After that experimental mice were administered diverse doses of monoclonal anti-U_(14) antibody (AU_(14-1)). It was found that within a 267 day interval after the tumor cell inoculations, all control animals were tumor free with tumor free survival, but 86% (6/7)and 88% (7/8)of experimental mice that had been treated with high dose AU_(14-1) showed progressive tumor growth at the inoculation site and died of systemic tumor disease. These results indicate immune enhancement of AU_(14-1) on U_(14) cells. AU_(14-1) was used to study the response of U_(14) cells to specific anti (?)dy in vitro. The results demonstrate that AU_(14-1) induces antigenic modulation of U_(14) cells, which is shown to be a loss of AU_(14-1) antibody and U_(14) antigen from the surface membrane of these cells as determined by indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay. This suggested that antigenic modulation may be proposed as a mechanism by which cervical cancer cells escape monoclonal antibody therapy.

Objective To increase the appreciation of manifestations in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and to decrease misdiagnosis rate by investigating the clinical characteristics of AIP. Methods Clinical data were collected and laboratory ,imaging and histopathology were analyzed from the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 1995 to 2009. Patients with AIP were included in the study. Results Eight patients (male 6, female 2) aged 35-69 (52.4 ±9.4) years were diagnosed as AIP from 2006 to 2009. The main clinical manifestations include intermittent jaundice in 6 cases (6/8), abdominal pain in 5 cases (5/8),weight loss in 4 cases (4/8), and accompanied with other diseases of immune system in 4 cases (4/8).The imaging showed head of pancreas enlargement in 3 cases (3/8) and whole pancreas enlargement in 5 cases (5/8). There is a "banana-peel like" ring around the pancreas and irregular stenosis of pancreatic duct. Massive lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration and parenchymal fibrosis were shown in pancreatic tissues, bile duct,salivary gland and liver in pathology. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and images in 7 cases (7/8) were improved after treatment with prednisone. Twenty-two of them were misdiagnosed as pancreatic or biliary carcinoma and 21 were performed laparotomy in the period of 1995-2005 ( 23 cases). After 2006, however, the misdiagnosis rate significantly decreased from 95.7% ( 22/23 ) to 0. Conclusions AIP seems to be a systemic autoimmune disease rather than an isolated disorder,markedly overlapping with other autoimmune diseases. Definitive diagnosis can be improved by the detection of immune parameters and pathological examination.

Objective To explore the role of Th17/IL-17 in the pathogenesis of asthma in children.Methods Thirty asthma children (asthma group) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) were selected as our subjects.Percentage of Th17 cell in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of asthma children was detected by flow cytometry,the level of IL-17 and IgE in plasma were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Proportion of Th17 cells in PBMC of children in asthma group was (1.83 ± 1.01) ％,significantly higher than that in control group ((1.02 ± 0.49) ％ ; t =3.896 ; P ＜ 0.01).The IL-17 level in control group was (19.11 ± 3.23) ng/L,significant lower than that in asthma group ((34.23 ± 4.88) ng/L;t =6.261 ;P ＜ 0.01)).The Ig E level in asthma group was (399.4 ± 45.1) ng/L,significantly higher than in control group((58.2 ± 19.7) ng/L;t =7.244,P ＜0.01).The level of IL-17 in plasma had a postive relationship with the proportion of Th17 cells(r =0.882,P ＜0.01),but not relationship was seen with the level of IgE (r =0.375,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Th1 7 cell is associated with asthma development of children,and the reason may due to probably aggravating asthma condition through increasing inflammation secreting IL-17.