Defensins, a family of 3-4 KD cationic peptides, have been found recently in the cytoplasmicgranules of human, rabbit, guinea pig and rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils and rabbit alveolarmacrophages. The defence roles of these molecules, such as antimicrobial activity, viral inactiva-tion, tumor cell cytotoxicity, chemotactic and opsonic actions, etc. have been adequately studied.In order to investgate the role of Defensins in the neutrphil-mediated pathological process ofsome diseases, we isolated and purified human neutrophil Defensins. By using Sephadex G100and Bio-gel P10 gel filtration chromatography, the purified molecules were obtained. The puritywas identified by AU-PAGE,SDS-PAGE, and amino acid composition analysis. In vitro fugicidalactivity of the purified human neutrophil Defensins against Candida albicans was also examined.When incubated with 33 Mol concentration of human Defensins, more than 90% of Candida,al-bicans were killed in the methylene blue assay system.

In recent years, with the further study of cell biology and genetics, the role of autophagy in bronchial asthma is becoming more and more obvious. Especially in the aspects of genetic factors, oxidative stress and environment, autophagy regulation may directly affect the occurrence and development of asthma, which may become a new direction of asthma treat-ment. In this review we will discuss what is autophagy, and the relationship between autophagy and asthma.

Case teaching is one of the important means to improve teaching effect in the process of pharmacology teaching. According to the teaching object, teaching objectives and requirements to build one useful teaching case library about pharmacology, which can be used and shared for a long time, is the premise of case teaching in pharmacology. According to the actual situation of case teach-ing in our university, this study researched and explored the background of case library building, the basic principles of case compilation, the establishment of team, the teacher-led and the student-oriented processes of case building, and the process of sorting and summarizing cases in the case library build-ing, which promotes the reform in the pharmacology case teaching, improves teaching quality, and also provides a reference for other universities or schools and disciplines on teaching case library building.

Metabonomics is an important part of systems biology. Many research shows that metabonomics has an poten?tial incomparable advantages in clinical diagnosis. When human body was stimulated by exogenous or endogenous factor, it could respond throughalteration of low molecular weight metabolites. Therefore, researches of the dynamic changes of com?plex metabolites could explore the pathological or physiological changes in the body. With advance of modern technologies nuclear magnetic resonance and chromatography couple to mass spectrometer are widely applied to the metabonomics. Now, comprehensive analysis the dynamic changes of patients in vivo then setting up relationship between biomarkers and related diseases become possible through the application of Metabolomics in clinical. Finally, we discuss the realization of disease diagnosis by metabolome analysis.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for determining the content of main components in minocycline hydrochloride sustained-release tablets.METHODS:The sample was separated on ODS-C_(18)column with the mobile phase consisted of 0.2 mol?L~(-1)ammonium oxalate-0.01 mol?L~(-1)edetate disodium-dimethylformamide-tetrahydrofuran (600:180:120:80)at a flow rate of 1.5 mL?min~(-1).The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm and the sample volume was 20?L.RESULTS:The linear range of minocycline was 0.05～0.5 mg?mL~(-1)(r=0.999 8)and the average recovery was 99.11%,RSD=0.5%.CONCLUSIONS:This method was proved to be accurate and reliable,sensitive and reproducible,and it can be used for determining the content of this tablets.

This paper recommends the early diagnosis of epidemic hemorrhagicfever with immunoenzymatic direct staining (IDS) to study the patient'speripheral white blood cells. The samples of blood smears from 63 patientswere examined under the microscope with this metbod. In 54 patients, the results were positive (85. 71%). We systemically observed 10 blood sam-ples from the patients in different courses of the disease, and found thatduring the period of recovery the results were negative. This method wasalso used to observe the blood smears from both 22 patients infected withother viruses and 20 healthy persons, and a negative result was obtained.It was demonstrated that IDS had stronger specificity. The advantages ofthis method are that blood samples are easily taken, carried and preserved,and that the experimental method is simple. Thus, IDS is of practical signifi-cance in preventing and treating the disease.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuanghuanglian oral liquid combined with cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infection. METHODS:184 patients with bacterial respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into test group and control group. Test group was orally given 250 mg Cefuroxime axetil tablet,twice a day+20 ml Shuanghuanglian oral liquid,3 times a day. Control group was only given Cefuroxime axetil tablet (the same dosage as test group). The treatment course for 2 groups was 2 weeks. The cough duration,body temperature recovery time and runny nose disap-pearing time before and after treatment and bacterial clearance rate in 2 groups were observed,clinical efficacy and incidence of ad-verse reactions were recorded. RESULTS:After treatment,the total effective rate in test group was significantly higher than control group,cough duration,body temperature recovery time and runny nose disappearing time were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);and there were no significant differences in the bacterial clearance rate and incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of Shuanghuanglian oral liquid combined with ce-furoxime axetil is superior to cefuroxime axetil alone in the treatment of bacterial respiratory infections,with similar safety.

HL-60 cells treated with 80?g/ml notogensenosidc R_1, were induced to granulocytic differentiation to 68% (among which metamyelocytes 32%, banded neutrophils 30% & segmented neutrophils 6%). Further experiment showed that the ability of the cell to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye, phagocytosis, as complement receptors and activities of acid phosphatase and ?-glucuronidase were all enhanced after differentiation. There were significant differences between the treated groupand the control group in NBT positive rate (62% v. s. 10%, P

A number of low molecular weight cationic peptides, named defensins,were purified from neutrophil granuals. Its in vitro cytotoxicity to HL-60 cell line anddirect viral inactivation were examined. The results showed that when incubated with NP-1 and NP-2(100?g/ml) fot 6 hours, more than 60% of HL-60 cells were killed. WhenHerpes simplex virus type I(HSy-I) and influenza virus B strain Beijing 87-1 wereincubated with NP-1(260?g/ml) at 37?C in water bath for 60 min, a marked reduction(98.2% and 90% ) in virus TCID_50 was observed. The results suggested that neutrophilgranulocyte might be able to synthesize peptides which have the cytotoxic and antiviralacitivities.

Objective To investigate the effects of noisy pressure support ventilation (Noisy PSV) in patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure, and to provide basic support for the new weaning mode for AECOPD. Methods A single-center, prospective, randomized, crossover clinical research was conducted. A total of forty-six AECOPD combined with respiratory failure patients who mechanically ventilated more than 24 hours in intensive care unit (ICU) of Tianjin Haihe Hospital from November 2014 to October 2015 were enrolled in this study. When the respiratory failure improved through conventional treatment, patients were mechanically ventilated with conventional PSV and Noisy PSV for two hours respectively in random sequence during spontaneous breathing recovery phase. The pressure support (PS) level was titrated to reach tidal volumes (Vt) about 8 mL/kg in both modes. The level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and fraction of inspired oxygen were kept unchanged in both modes. The coefficient of variation of PS during Noisy PSV was set at 30%. Data of gas exchange, hemodynamics, lung functional parameters, breathing patterns and patient-ventilator synchrony were analyzed. Results All of the patients were well tolerated with the two modes, and no adverse reactions were found. The changes of gas exchange, hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics in PSV and Noisy PSV showed a clinical acceptable range. The variability of Vt was significantly increased in Noisy PSV mode than that in conventional PSV mode. While the number of asynchrony events was decreased in Noisy PSV mode than that in conventional PSV mode. Conclusion The Noisy PSV is safe and feasible for patients of AECOPD with respiratory failure, which may be a new weaning mode for AECOPD.