Objective To investigate the changes of non-linear dynamics properties of EEG under different mental tasks,and the application of non-linear dynamic analysis for cognitive function research. Methods EEG was recorded in 30 healthy university students under four states: eyes closed,eyes open,mental arithmetic with eyes closed and graphic reasoning test with eyes open.Correlation dimension (D 2) and point-wise correlation dimension (PD 2) were calculated for all subjects.We also performed a surrogate data test in 5 randomized selected subjects. Results In all states tested,the results argued for the presence of non-linearity and fractal D 2 and PD 2.D 2 and PD 2 increased significantly during mental tasks as compared to the rest states (D 2 of above four states was 3.93,4.47,4.33 and 4.98 respectively).The results showed that values of D 2 and PD 2 fluctuated with time,which suggests an intermittent activation of the brain areas participated in the task.With non-linear dynamic analysis,there might be a working circuit from bilateral temporal lobes to the left frontal lobe and parental lobe under mental arithmetic task.Conclusions Through dynamic analysis based on D 2 and PD 2 topographic maps,we can see clearly the distribution of D 2 and PD 2 in the brain,the sequence and the degree of activation of the regions involved in the cognitive task under mental tasks.Dynamic and short-time non-linear analysis methods are more appropriate for the study of mental functions.Non-linear dynamic analysis might help us understand the working mechanism of brain during mental activities.

Gemcitabine is important pyrimidine antimetabolites drug. Ribonucleotide reductase is oneof its targets whose overexpression has been observed in several gemcitabine- resistant cell lines. Meanwhile,the NSCLC patients with high RRM1 expression levels have a relatively poor survival when treated with gem-citabine. To this day, the relationship between RRM1 expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cellsand gemcitabine is still uncertain and it deserves further research.

Objective:To study the environment suitability of multi-parameter patient monitor. Methods: Choosing six different types of multi-parameter patient monitor from different manufactures, we tested six main parameters of the multi-parameter patient monitor when they had gone through the environmental tests, and the test limits come from field environment. Results:Each of the samples was not up to the standards. Conclusion:At present a clear most of the multi-parameter patient monitor in the market are designed and produced for using indoors, which are not suitable for using in field environment. We need to enhance the protection of the multi-parameter patient monitor against field environment, and improve the environment suitability.

Inducible costimulatory molecule(ICOS)is a member of the CD28 family,which can be expressed on the tumor tissues and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. ICOS enhances its anti-tumor activity through participating in CD4 + T and CD8 + T cell immune response and enhancing the secretion of cyto-kines on the activated T cells and NK cells. While the curative effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated anti-gen-4(CTLA-4)monoclonal antibody is relevant with CD4 + T cells expressing ICOS,which suggesting ICOS may become a novel anti-tumor therapeutic target in the future.

Background and purpose:In China, incidence of gastric cancer is high but early diagnosis is low and treatment results remains poor.The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients has been explored.In this study, we evaluated the effects and safety of preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy(PAIC) for advanced gastric cancer.Methods:One hundred and five patients with clinic stage-Ⅱ above advanced gastric cancer were submitted to preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using the Seldinger technique.The regimen consisted of 5-FU 750 mg/m2, MMC 10 mg/m2, and DDP 60 mg/m2.Seven to ten days after the PAIC, all 105 patients received operation.Other 95 patients underwent surgery directly as control group.The responses by the tumor lesion and chemotherapy toxicity were observed.The long term survival rate were also evaluated.Results:Pathological examination showed that the tumor cells had changed by chemothrapy.Common adverse effects of PAIC were grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ gastrointestinal discomfort and bone marrow depression.No gastric rupture had occurred.Ninety-one cases(86.6%) underwent curative resection.The 1, 3, and 5-year survival rate was 96.2%, 68.6%, and 52.4% respectively.Among 95 patients with control group, sixty-five cases(68.6%) underwent curative resection.1,3,and 5-year survival rates were 88.4%,38.9% and 28.4%,respectively.Conclusion:PAIC is an effective, and safety chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced gastric cancer.It can affer treatment downstage of disease and enhances resectability.It may also improve the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer.

Using GAD immunohistochemical PAP technique and microcomputer image analysis system, we have studied on the substantia nigra of rat epilep- tic model induced by Coriaria Lactone and discovered that in the early experi- mental group and 6 hour group, the intensity of GAD-reactivity of nerve fibers and terminals was weaker and the area density of GAD-positive nerve fibers and terminals was lower than those of control group (P

Objective To analyze the quality of life(QOL)of patients with acute stroke,and to explore the effects of early specialized rehabilitation on their QOL.Methods Seventy patients with acute stroke were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group(n =35)and a control group(n =35).The rehabilitation group received specialized rehabilitation treatment while the control group received self-rehabilitation.QOL we evaluated with the short form-36(SF-36)instrument before and after.Results Before treatment,QOL scores in the both groups were much lower than the norms for healthy people.The differences on each dimension of the SF-36 were not statistically significant between the two groups.The SF-36 scores of both groups improved during the experiment,but after 1 month and 6 months the improvement on each SF-36 dimension was significantly better in the rehabilitation group than in the control group.Conclusions The QOL of patients with acute stroke is significantly impaired,but specialized rehabilitation treatment is effective in improving it.

BACKGROUND: Alienation is derived from dissimilation in philosophy.It is practically defined as the subjective state of individuals who develop negative feelings such as social isolation, uncontrollable and meaningless sense, oppression, and self-alienation because they are alien to others, the.society, nature and themselves, and even feel controlled.OBJECTIVE: To investigate alienation from psychological perspective,aiming to construct and verify the theoretical hypothesis of alienation,thereby working out alienation scale for adolescent students.DESIGN: Cross-sectional investigation.SETTING:National Key Research Center of Basic Psychology and National Key Liberal Arts of Southwest Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: The investigation was carried out from March to June 2000. The method of cohort stratified random sampling was adopted and the questionnaire was administered to adolescent students in Chongqing City and Lanzhou City. Inclusion criteria: volunteer students of grade one in junior high school to grade four in colleges. Exclusion criteria: Those who had incomplete data or had differences of more than 6 points in the total scores for three matched lie-testing questions in the questionnaire. A total of 1502 pieces of questionnaire were collected (including 1 066 questionnaires used for exploratory factor analysis and 436 questionnaires for verifying factor analysis); the age of the students covered the whole range of adolescence, and the boy-to-girl ratio in each grade was matched.METHODS:We combined literature analysis, investigation research and interview. The details are as follows: First, theoretical hypothesis was put forward based on literature analysis; then related variances were collected through interviews and open questionnaires, which were compared with the items in scales used home and abroad at present so as to work out predicting questions for adolescence alienation questionnaire. Finally, 52 items were screened out and used to construct the preliminary questionnaire. The formal alienation scale was made after standardized designation of behavioral variances, and verified for alienation analysis in adolescent students.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behavioral apparent variances were collected based on interviews and open questionnaires, and used as psychological potential variances after statistical processing.RESULTS:Data of 1502 pieces of questionnaire were analyzed.① The correlation coefficient of each item in the scale was over 0.35. ② The correlation coefficient of each item with the dimension was over 0.30, with statistical significance(P ＜ 0.01). ③ The reliability coefficient of each item was over 0.39 with great significance(P ＜ 0.01). ④ Alienation was displayed in three dimensions: social alienation, interpersonal alienation and surrounding alienation, which were associated with the correspondingdimensions of related scales (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ⑤Alienation could be divided into 9 levels: sense of meaninglessness, sense of self alienation, isolation, nature alienation, parent alienation, environmental alienation, sense of uncontrollability and social alienation. Parameters that accorded with the theoretical hypothesis and used for verifying analysis were proved rational.Based on the analysis of the 9 first-rank factors, second-rank structural model of 3 unrelated factors were obtained using main component analysis and the maximum variance cross rotation with the optimal coefficients of simulated parameters of: X2/df=4.87;GFI=0.94;A GFI=0.90;RMR=0.0S;NFI=0.93;NNFI=0.92;CFI=0.95;IFI=0.95.CONCLUSION: Alienation scale has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to assess alienation in adolescent students and has potential value of application in healthy psychological development and psychological education.

Microcirculation disturbance and ischemia of the pancreas are important pathophysiological changes in the onset of acute pancrea-titis,and organ hypoperfusion is a risk factor for poor prognosis.During the first 12 to 24 hours after admission,fluid resuscitation is the most important medical treatment for the early stage of acute pancreatitis,and timely and rational fluid infusion helps to improve prognosis. However,there lacks high -quality clinical evidence for type of fluid,infusion speed,and monitoring methods,and more randomized con-trolled trials are needed.