Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood supply ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; therapy ; Prognosis

Objective To study the effect of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum and enteric disturbance on serum ?-endorphin (?-EP) in SD rats, in order to investigate their influence on peri-operative stress responses in SD rats. Methods A total of 120 SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with 30 rats in each group. The four groups received CO 2 pneumoperitoneum (Group A), a 5 cm abdominal incision (Group B), a 5 cm abdominal incision with gastroenteric disturbance (Group C), and intraperitoneal anesthesia (Group D or Control Group), respectively. Concentrations of serum ?-EP of these groups were measured 10 min, 20 min, and 40 min after the beginning of surgery, respectively. Results Concentrations of serum ?-EP in the Group A 10 min, 20 min, and 40 min after the beginning of surgery were 274 7?66 6 pg/dl, 157 3?63 8 pg/dl, and 163 9?74 5 pg/dl, respectively, which were all extremely significantly higher than those in the Control Group ( P

The effect of macrophage on IL-2 production by tonsillar T cells was investigated. The human tonsillar mononuclear cells were purified by a two-step procedure including depletion of plastic-adherent cel1s and rosetting with SRBC. The purity of Enriched T cel1s (ETC) was 98%. It was found that IL-2 production was greatly decreased in ETC by removing adherent cells and could be completely restored by replacing the adherent cells. The IL-2 production in the same extent was induced in ETC when TPA was substituted for adherent cells and the synergistic effect of TPA and macrophages greatly augmented the IL-2 secretion by ETC. Incubation of ETC with high concentration of PHA or ConA alone resultes in efficient IL-2 production. These results indicated that IL-2 production was macrophage dependent.

By using immunocytochemistry (the whole mount stretch preparations and cryostat sections) and radioimmunoassay, the characteristics of distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in small intestine of rats and its change in acute intestinal radiation sickness are studied.The results show that all layers of the small intestine are rich in CGRP-immunoreactive(CGRP-I)nerves with a high density in the myenteric, submucosal and mucosal plexuses. Also it has a rather high density around the small blood vessels of the small intestine and intestinal crypts.Same CGRP-I neurons are seen in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses.In AIRS the level of CGRP in small intestine has a double-phase change which is lower at the 24th h followed by a higher level at 48th h, 72th h after the exposure. The results indicate that CGRP may be related to the regulation of motility, secretion,absorption sensation and regional blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract. CGRP is probably released under the stress of AIRS and participates in the mechanism of injury of AIRS through multiple ways, in particular, the influence on the regional blood flow and the increase of permeability of blood vessels.

Glutamine(Gln) is the most abundant free amino acid in the circulation. However, Gln depletion is obviously increased in critically ill patients. The liver plays a key role in glutamine metabolism since it can either generate or consume Gln. A number of studies have demonstrated that administration of Gln can protect from liver damage during sepsis or chemotherapy. The mechanism may be that glutamine can be more efficiently transported across cell membranes for glutathione synthesis. Supplement of Gln to PN has been proven to maintain intestinal integrity and reduce bacterial translocation. As a gluconeogenic amino acid, Gln can decrease the portal insulin/glucagon ratio and prevent hepatic steatosis through stimulating glucagon secretion.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of Chlorogenic acid in Liyan Granule. Method The determination was performed on Diamondsil Cl8 (4.6 mm?150 mm, 5 ?m) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphonic acid solution (13∶87) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detective wavelength was set at 327 nm. Result The linear range of Chlorogenic acid was 0.026～0.26 ?g (r =0.999 9) and the average recovery rate of Chlorogenic acid was 101.84% (RSD=0.48%, n =6). Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and with good stabilization, and suitable for the quality control of Liyan gramule.

By using immunocytochemistry (the whole mount stretch preparations and cryostat sections) and radioimmunoassay, the characteristics of distribution, origins and properties of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were studied. The results show that all layers of small intestine were rich in CGRP-immu-noreactive(CGRP-I)nerves with a high density in myenteric, submucosal and mucosal plexuses. Also it had a rather high density around the small blood vessels of the small intestine and intestinal crypts. Some CGRP-I neurons were seen in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses which were the intrinsic origin of CGRP-I nerves of small intestine. And the denervation and injection of capsaicin demonstrated that the extrinsic CGRP-I nerves of small intestine with mainly sensory origin also existed. The characteristics of distribution of CGRP-I nerves in small intestine indicated that the CGRP-I nerves might be related with the regulation of motion, secretion, absorption, sensation and regional blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract.

AIM:To study chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide (EB), a heterocyclic organic compound and an organic fluorescence dye commonly used in biochemical experiment, and to help further understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor or cancer induced by EB and other heterocyclic organic compounds. METHODS: The toxicity action of EB was evaluated from three aspects including DNA, chromosome and embryo stem cells (ESCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thereinto, the morphology structural difference of ESCs treated with two EB doses was also valuated. RESULTS: The morphological structures of DNA, chromosome and ESCs were dramatically damaged. The average height of DNA decreased 0.5 nm; chromosomal arms were ruptured from centromere location; molecules of cellular membrane congregated and loop-like structure formed, and ES cell masses were collapsed and became dead after large EB doses treatment and mesh-like morphological structure was discernable. CONCLUSION: The toxicity action of EB is strong and destroys the surface structure of DNA and chromosome. EB induces structural aberration of ES cellular membrane and cell death. The results indicate that the action of EB is externalized at gene level and cell level, which is important to study the carcinogenicity of EB.

The mitotic chromosomes of the ratlike hamster were studied under light microscope. The observations revealed that chromosome number of this species of genus cricetulus was 2n=28. The autosome pairs 1～11 were acrocentric and progressively decreasing in size, whereas the pairs 12 and 13 were four extremely small submetacentric chromosomes. The sex chromosome pairs were XY and XX for male and female animals respectively The X chromosome (Large subtelocentric) and Y chromosome (Submetacentric of medium size) were easily distinguishable from each other as well as from all autosomes. The poessible use of these outstanding chromosomal characteristics was briefly discussed.

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have been used as the first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) in recent years. However, with the increased clinical application of PDE5i, the incidence rate of PDE5i-induced adverse reactions is on the rise, which may involve the cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, respiratory, and reproductive systems. Most of the adverse reactions are mild to moderate, occasionally with serious or rare complications. The probability and severity of the adverse reactions are associated with the dosage and frequency of medication as well as with individual differences. Therefore individualized medication is necessitated and, for the patients with cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, psychosis, or anaphylactic conditions, PDE5i should be cautiously given or avoided. This review provides an overview of PDE5i-induced adverse reactions and countermeasures in the treatment of ED.
Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects