To evaluate the role and efficacy of vitrectomy in the treatment of eye injuries in children with posterior segment involvement, forty-six eyes in 45 children aged under 16 with injuries involved posterior segment treated with pars plana vitreetomy are studied retrospectively. Six eyes underwent vitreetomy only, the others combined with seleral buekling and/ or gas-fluid exchange, and rarely, silicon oil tam-ponade; Seventeen eyes with lensectomy. Thirty-four (73.91%) of the 46 eyes achieved surgical success. Of 13 (28.26%) eyes with retinal detachments, six (46.15%) achieved reatachment. The failure of surgery was mainly due to retinal detachment, which mostly characterized by anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We conclude that pars plana vitrectomy is an important therapeutic operation for eye injury in children with posterior segment involvement. The key factor that influence the outcome of eye injury in children is the treatment of traumatic retinal deatchment.

Clinical analysis of 42 cases of scleral rupture revealed that the injures were caused by blunt objects in 42.9％ and by sharp objects in 38.1％ of the cases. The wound was mostly on the nasal side of the eye (71.43％ OD) and (78.95％ OS) with no correlation to the causes. The concurrent manifestations included hyphema (63.4％), posterior uveal or vitreous prolapse or vitreous heamorrhage (52.3％), and lens opacity or missing (over 21.4％). Enucleation was performed in 9 cases,of which 7 cases followed blunt contusion. The indications for enucleation were that the scleral wound extending posteriorly beyond the rectus muscle insertions or≥10mm in length,visual acuity≤LP, hyphema, lens dislocated or missing and vitreous heamorrhage.

Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis is a rare and severe intraocular bacterial infection.In this paper we present the first reported ease in China,to our knowledge,of chronic suppurative endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia asteroides after ocular perforative trauma.Cases of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis in foreign literature are reviewed,and the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,as well as prognosis of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis, are extensively discussed.

Submacular Hemorrhage (SMH) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a challenging disorder for vision protection. Varied surgical interventions have been suggested in its management. The author herein reviewed some aspects related to SMH in AMD such as its risk factors, secondary damages, natural course and surgical management including different techniques,outcomes and complications.

Objective To investigate effects cytokine of rhIFN-a and their on ultrastructure of hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts and explore its mechanism.Methods Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultivated in vitro were observed and analysed through transmission elextron microscope(TEM).Then the effects of rhIFN-a on biological behavior and pathological changes of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts have been determined.(Results) Compared with the control group,the experimental rhIFN-a group could be observed changes in inhibition of fibroblasts growth and proliferation with the mitochondrion swelling,its ridge dissolving and apoptosis promoting.Conclusions rhIFN-a can suppress growth and proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and promotes apoptosis.This indicates that ,as a negative modulation factor,rhIFN-a is important in the treatment of hypertrophic scar.

Despite the continued development of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,surgery is still the first choice for the treatment of colorectal cancer.Complete mesocolic excision (CME) based on anatomy and embryology,the sharp separation is carried out along the embryonic development.A large number of clinical trials have confirmed that the operation can significantly reduce the local recurrence rate and improve survival rate.The technique may become a standardized surgery for colon cancer.To learn about the research progress of the application of complete mesocolic excision,this paper collected relevant literatures of CME for reviewing.

OBJECTIVE According to the development of nosocomial infection management in China,we design a series of nosocomial infection surveillance and management system,in order to work effectively in real time to control nosocomial infection outbreak,standardly collecting and analyzing the surveillance data of the critical department/area and risk factors for nosocomial infection,so a scientific management for nosocomial infection can be realized.METHODS Adopting C/S framework,the backstage supporter adopted the large-scale database of SQL SERVER 2000 edition,the front application program used PowerBuilder7 programming.The application software where collected all data about nosocomial infection information was integrated into the each work station of the information system,in order to form nosocomial infection surveillance and management network related to any department of the hospital.RESULTS System could come down with the hospital infection case which every hospital department could find to check,put in order,report,count,analyze,have a look around,inquire about,feedback,form the monitoring chart with excellent pictures and texts,and make the better prognosis of the nosocomial infection outbreak.CONCLUSIONS Beijing nosocomial infection surveillance and management system is a medical quality control system of a hospital.This software could afford scientific and standard data for the health care institution and administration to realize the primary information of nosocomial infection and make decisions.

OBJECTIVE To approach pathogens and precaution strategy of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with myasthenia gravis.METHODS Forty cases of myasthenia gravis from Jan 2003 to Dec 2006 in a certain hospital were involved in the retrospective review.Patients with myasthenia gravis and nosocomial pneumonia were selected out in accordance with diagnostic criteria of nosocomial pneumonia.Risk factors and pathogens of infection were analyzed.Precaution strategy was formulated.RESULTS There were 26 patients with nosocomial pneumonia among 40 cases of myasthenia gravis.Pathogens isolated from sputum culture were all drug resistant strains.Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,etc were the most,accounted for 51.85%(84 strains).The next was Gram-positive bacteria,accounted for 33.33%(54 strains).Fungi ranked the third,accounted for 14.81%(24 strains).CONCLUSIONS Precaution and cure measurement should be adopted to prevent and control the occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Objective To evaluate the value of laparoscopy in the treatment of intramural myoma.Methods Totally 120 cases of intramural myoma were randomly divided into laparoscopy(n=52)and open groups(n=68).Clinical data,including operation time,intraoperative blood loss,rates of postoperative pyrexia and postoperative complications,length of hospital stay and follow-up,were compared between the two groups.Results Compared to the open group,the laparoscopy group had significantly longer operation time (106.3?54.9)min vs(66.5?7.3)min,t=5.918,P=0.000],less blood loss 10-300 ml(median,50 ml)vs 20-200 ml(median,50 ml),Z=-1.998,P=0.046],lower rate of postoperative pyrexia 7.7%(4/52)vs 30.9%(21/68),?2=9.608,P=0.002],similar rate of postoperative complications 3.8%(2/52)vs 8.3%(3/36),?2=0.000,P=1.000],shorter hospital stay (7.5?1.4)d vs(10.4?1.2)d,t=-12.201,P=0.000],and similar length of follow-up (9.7?2.3)months vs(9.6?1.8)months,t=0.267,P=0.790] and rate of normal menses 94.4%(17/18)vs 90.5%(19/21),?2=0.000,P=1.000].Conclusions Laparoscopy is as effective as open surgery for intramural myoma.While the laparoscopy leads to better postoperative recovery than the open surgery.

MR-T1ρ imaging is one of the novelest MRI techniques in recent years,T1ρ relaxation mainly reflect the interaction between water molecules and the surrounding macromolecu]es.Due to the unique point of view,the technique has been used to investigate a variety of pathological mechanisms in early stage of diseases,such as the content of collagen protein in articular cartilage,neuron apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and so on,which provides a new tool for detecting lesions in ultra-early stage or the evaluation of treatment effect.