Submacular Hemorrhage (SMH) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a challenging disorder for vision protection. Varied surgical interventions have been suggested in its management. The author herein reviewed some aspects related to SMH in AMD such as its risk factors, secondary damages, natural course and surgical management including different techniques,outcomes and complications.

Clinical analysis of 42 cases of scleral rupture revealed that the injures were caused by blunt objects in 42.9％ and by sharp objects in 38.1％ of the cases. The wound was mostly on the nasal side of the eye (71.43％ OD) and (78.95％ OS) with no correlation to the causes. The concurrent manifestations included hyphema (63.4％), posterior uveal or vitreous prolapse or vitreous heamorrhage (52.3％), and lens opacity or missing (over 21.4％). Enucleation was performed in 9 cases,of which 7 cases followed blunt contusion. The indications for enucleation were that the scleral wound extending posteriorly beyond the rectus muscle insertions or≥10mm in length,visual acuity≤LP, hyphema, lens dislocated or missing and vitreous heamorrhage.

Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis is a rare and severe intraocular bacterial infection.In this paper we present the first reported ease in China,to our knowledge,of chronic suppurative endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia asteroides after ocular perforative trauma.Cases of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis in foreign literature are reviewed,and the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,as well as prognosis of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis, are extensively discussed.

To evaluate the role and efficacy of vitrectomy in the treatment of eye injuries in children with posterior segment involvement, forty-six eyes in 45 children aged under 16 with injuries involved posterior segment treated with pars plana vitreetomy are studied retrospectively. Six eyes underwent vitreetomy only, the others combined with seleral buekling and/ or gas-fluid exchange, and rarely, silicon oil tam-ponade; Seventeen eyes with lensectomy. Thirty-four (73.91%) of the 46 eyes achieved surgical success. Of 13 (28.26%) eyes with retinal detachments, six (46.15%) achieved reatachment. The failure of surgery was mainly due to retinal detachment, which mostly characterized by anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We conclude that pars plana vitrectomy is an important therapeutic operation for eye injury in children with posterior segment involvement. The key factor that influence the outcome of eye injury in children is the treatment of traumatic retinal deatchment.

Objective To investigate effects cytokine of rhIFN-a and their on ultrastructure of hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts and explore its mechanism.Methods Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultivated in vitro were observed and analysed through transmission elextron microscope(TEM).Then the effects of rhIFN-a on biological behavior and pathological changes of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts have been determined.(Results) Compared with the control group,the experimental rhIFN-a group could be observed changes in inhibition of fibroblasts growth and proliferation with the mitochondrion swelling,its ridge dissolving and apoptosis promoting.Conclusions rhIFN-a can suppress growth and proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and promotes apoptosis.This indicates that ,as a negative modulation factor,rhIFN-a is important in the treatment of hypertrophic scar.

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on use of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering owing to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which is mainly induced by growth factors (GFs). In general, GFs for chondrogenic induction come from the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. To date, the most commonly used GFs for chondrogenes is TGF-beta1/3. However, the response of hADSCs to GFs may differ significantly from that of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) treatment induced TGF-beta receptor-I expression of hADSCs. It seems that these two cell populations varied strongly in their potency to undergo chondrogenesis in the same medium conditions. Here, we provide a concise review on various GFs used in chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in vitro.
Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cartilage ; Cell Differentiation ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Chondrogenesis ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins ; Tissue Engineering

With the indepth studies of molecular mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma ( RCC),people have made great progress in the targeted therapy drugs which targeted at vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors,which dramatically improve the treatment outcome for patients with advanced or metastatic RCC.However,recent clinical trails show that the targeted therapy drugs may cause adverse events,such as hypertension,bone marrow toxicity,pneumonitis and so on.It is important to manage the adverse events promptly not only to improve the therapeutic efficacy but also to improve the quality of life for patients with RCC.

Objective　To investigate the factors which affect the bone union of distracted region after limb lengthening, so as improve the curative effect and diminish the incidence of complication. Methods　To look up the latest literatures dealing with the bone union in limb lengthening, then review the procedure of osteogenesis and the affecting factors. Results　The osteogenesis of distracted region after limb lengthening is a sophisticated procedure. It can be affected by the velocity of lengthening, the period of lengthening, the site and method of osteotomy, the age etiology of patient. Conclusion　The bone union of distracted region after limb lengthening can be facilitated by following factors :① the velocity of lengthening slower than 1.0 mm/day; ② moderate delay in distraction; ③ axial shortening of distracted region; ④ micromovement stimulation.

Recent studies have shown that berberine is hypoglycemic and capable of improving insulin resistance,but the exact mechanism remains unknown.This article reviews the papers published in recent years concerning the clinical efficacy of berberine and its relevant mechanisms in improving insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal carcinoma and the rela-tionship between ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and the occurrence, the metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, and to analyze the significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining(S-P method) was used to detect the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on consecutive section in 78 cases of colorectal carcinoma and normal mucosa and 42 cases of colorec-tal adenomas. Plasma was obtained from 78 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 40 healthy volunteers prior sur-gery, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results There was significant difference between the high expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal carcinoma and the low expression in normal mucosa and ade-noma(P < 0. 01). Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with colorectal carcinoma than those in normal control group(P < 0. 01). The ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were not related to sex, age, tumor lo-cation and histological grades(P > 0. 05),but had significantly statistical difference between lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage(P < 0. 01). Conclusion The increase expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal cancer suggests that the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 may play an important role in evaluation of malignant degree and judging the progress as well as the mechanism of colorectal cancer.