〔Abstract〕 The paper retrieves different difinitions of Electronic Medical Records ( EHR) through PubMed database, domestic and international standards, analyzes the terms and definitions of EMR using concept analysis method.The definitions are divided into 3 at-tributes namely, noun, characteristics and objective, providing ideas for developing EMR system at various levels in China.

Indicators for evaluation of Chinese medicine intellectual property rights evaluation system were selected interms of patent right, copyright, trademark right, geographical mark, protection of Chinese medicine, and intangible cultural heritage to construct a Chinese medicine intellectual property rights evaluation system which is consisted of 6 class A,15 class B and 18 class C indicators .Domestic data of Chinese medicine intellectual property rights were col-lected from 2004 to 2013,the weight of each evaluation indicator was determined using standard deviation method,and the evaluation system was studied according to the weighted TOPSIS method with its rationality and practicality validated.

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy on the quality of life (QOL), the reproductive endocrine and bone metabolism of postmenopausal women.

METHODSA total A total of 65 women with climacteric syndrome were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups, thirty-three in the treatment group on whom acupoint catgut-embedding was performed with Shenshu (BL23), Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Guanyuan (CV4) as main acupoints, and thirty-two in the control group who were only medicated with Fufuchun Capsule (妇复春胶囊). The treatment course for both groups was 3 months. Before and after Before and after treatment, the clinical symptoms, the QOL score, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E(2)), testosterone (T), osteocalcin (BGP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were measured. In addition, another 28 women with childbearing potential and normal regular menstrual cycle were selected and the reproductive endocrine hormone were tested in the ovulatory period as controls.

RESULTSThe levels of serum FSH and LH of postmenopausal women were higher, and serum E(2) and T were lower than those of normal women (P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of serum E(2) In both groups and T in the treatment group were increased, while in the control group the serum E(2) increase was more significant than that in the treatment group (P<0.05), and serum T showed no statistical difference. The levels of serum FSH, LH, BGP, CT, PTH and AKP were reduced significantly in both groups after treatment (P<0.05). The QOL scores were Increased remarkably in both groups on physiological functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, and mental health after treatment (P<0.05),but the improvement of bodily pain and mental health in the treatment group were better than those in the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAcupoint catgut-embedding showed an obvious effect on climacteric syndrome, and enhanced the QOL in postmenopausal women. The therapy could regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to raise the serum E(2) level which may be significant in preventing and curing the osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Catgut ; Endocrine System ; metabolism ; Female ; Hormones ; blood ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; blood ; metabolism ; Quality of Life ; Reproduction ; physiology

Objce tive To investigate the effect and significance of down-regulation of Oct4 gene on biological characteristics of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells.Methods Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells were used in this study.Breast cancer stem cells were isolated and enriched by serum-free culture.The obtained stem cells were identified through calculating the percentages of CD44 and CD24 stem cells by FACS and evaluating the paclitaxel resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in mice.RT-PCR, real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect Oct4 expression.RNA interference was applied to induce Oct4 down-regulation.The interference experiment set up a control group ( no siRNA transfection) , negative control group ( negative siRNA group,transfection of siRNA sequences without any interfering effect on the cells) and Oct4 siRNA group ( transfection of siRNA with interfering effect on the Oct4 gene) .Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) and Transwell chamber tests were conducted to detect the proliferation and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down, and paclitaxel inhibition test was applied to evaluate drug resistance of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down. Resulst MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells grew as spheres cultured in serum-free suspension.MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells showed a higher percentage of CD44+C/D24 -/low cells (97.2%) than that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells ( 76.6%) ( P<0.05) .The tumor size in mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells was (124.60±13.65)mm3, significantly larger than that of mice inoculated with breast cancer cells (68.20±9.99 mm3) (P=0.0007).MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells were less sensitive to paclitaxel inhibition than MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showing by 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) [(4.40±0.48) μg/ml vs.(8.20±0.34) μg/ml, P<0.05].However, the expression of transcriptional factors Oct4 was higher in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells than that in breast cancer cells (P<0.05).The proliferation potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was significantly lower than that in the negative siRNA and control groups ( P<0.05) from the third day.The invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was obviously reduced than that in the control and negative siRNA groups shown by number of penetrated cells [(46.52±2.58) vs.(79.67±3.85) and (77.29±2.13), P<0.05 for both].As for resistance to paclitaxel, IC50 of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4siRNA interference was significantly decreased [(4.48±0.22) μg/ml] compared with that in the control [(7.99±0.59) μg/ml] and negative siRNA group [(8.10±0.68) μg/ml] (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells are successfully obtained by serum-free culture. The proliferation potential, invasion ability and drug resistance of breast cancer stem cells were down-regulated by Oct4 gene knock-down.

Objce tive To investigate the effect and significance of down-regulation of Oct4 gene on biological characteristics of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells.Methods Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells were used in this study.Breast cancer stem cells were isolated and enriched by serum-free culture.The obtained stem cells were identified through calculating the percentages of CD44 and CD24 stem cells by FACS and evaluating the paclitaxel resistance in vitro and tumorigenicity in mice.RT-PCR, real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect Oct4 expression.RNA interference was applied to induce Oct4 down-regulation.The interference experiment set up a control group ( no siRNA transfection) , negative control group ( negative siRNA group,transfection of siRNA sequences without any interfering effect on the cells) and Oct4 siRNA group ( transfection of siRNA with interfering effect on the Oct4 gene) .Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) and Transwell chamber tests were conducted to detect the proliferation and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down, and paclitaxel inhibition test was applied to evaluate drug resistance of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells after Oct4 knock-down. Resulst MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells grew as spheres cultured in serum-free suspension.MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells showed a higher percentage of CD44+C/D24 -/low cells (97.2%) than that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells ( 76.6%) ( P<0.05) .The tumor size in mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells was (124.60±13.65)mm3, significantly larger than that of mice inoculated with breast cancer cells (68.20±9.99 mm3) (P=0.0007).MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells were less sensitive to paclitaxel inhibition than MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showing by 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) [(4.40±0.48) μg/ml vs.(8.20±0.34) μg/ml, P<0.05].However, the expression of transcriptional factors Oct4 was higher in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells than that in breast cancer cells (P<0.05).The proliferation potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was significantly lower than that in the negative siRNA and control groups ( P<0.05) from the third day.The invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4 siRNA interference was obviously reduced than that in the control and negative siRNA groups shown by number of penetrated cells [(46.52±2.58) vs.(79.67±3.85) and (77.29±2.13), P<0.05 for both].As for resistance to paclitaxel, IC50 of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells with Oct4siRNA interference was significantly decreased [(4.48±0.22) μg/ml] compared with that in the control [(7.99±0.59) μg/ml] and negative siRNA group [(8.10±0.68) μg/ml] (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells are successfully obtained by serum-free culture. The proliferation potential, invasion ability and drug resistance of breast cancer stem cells were down-regulated by Oct4 gene knock-down.