Objective To observe dynamically the effect of nimodipine on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),brain edema and clinical change of dosage at the different time in the patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 108 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were divided into the nimodipine treatment group and the controls randomly,and the treatment group was divided into the group of within 12 h with drug and the group of after 12 h with drug again. All patients were given by dynamic observation of SPECT and clinical curative effect;and they were done by dynamic observation of SPECT and CT taking randomly 10 patients out of the groups of control and treatment.Results The improvement of rCBF,clinical curative effect and edema girdle in the treatment group was significantly better than the control group. Patients of within 12 h with drug also showed better outcome than the patients of after 12 h with drug on clinical curative effect.Conclusion Early stage with nimodipine may be positive factor in the improvement of rCBF,clinical curative effect and lightening edema around the hematoma after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the detecting ability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and CT in skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by whole body and skull base SPECT and CT of nasopharynx and skull base before radiotherapy. The results were double blind compared and evaluated. Results The overall positive rates of skull base invasion detected by SPECT and CT were 63.5% and 25.4%. In patients with headache, cranial nerve palsy and both, they were 87.9%,93.3%,92.3% and 42.4%,46.7%,46.2%. In patients with T 1+T 2 and T 3+T 4 lesions, they were 37.5%,90.3% and 0.0%,51.6%. In patients with N 0+N 1 and N 2+N 3 lesions, they were 63.9% ,63.0% and 19.4%,33.3%. The positive rates of SPECT were higher than those of CT (McNemar Test, P

Objective To evaluate the effect of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)and ultraviolet B (UVB) on the expression of aquaporin 3 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in keratinocytes.Methods Twenty healthy human subjects were enrolled in this study.Both legs of each subjects were separated into 4 areas to remain untreated (control area),be topically treated with 3％ and 1％ EGCG cream and the vehicle of EGCG cream respectively once a day for 2 weeks followed by the measurement of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).Cultured keratinocytes were classified into various groups to be irradiated with different doses (10,20 and 30 mJ/cm2) of UVB,or be pretreated with different concentrations of EGCG (10-7,10-6,10-5 mol/L) or EGFR/ERK phosphorylation inhibitors for 1 hour followed by irradiation with UVB of 30 mJ/cm2.After various durations of additional culture,Western blot was conducted to quantify the expression of AQP3 and phosphorylated-EGFR (p-EGFR) and-ERK (p-ERK) of keratinocytes.Data were processed by SPSS 10.0 software,and statistical analysis was carried out by t test.Results Skin moisture content was significantly increased,while TEWL was decreased in healthy skin after treatment with 1％ and 3％ EGCG cream compared with vehicle-treated skin areas and untreated skin areas.Increased AQP3 expression was observed in keratinocytes pretreated with EGCG of 10-7,10-6,10-5 mol/L (172.36 ± 12.42,320.66 ± 15.51 and 368.10 ± 11.39 vs.100.00,t =12.16,26.75 and 38.62 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05) and in those pretreated with the EGFR inhibitor PD153035 of 1.0 μmol/L and ERK inhibitor U0126 of 10 μmol/L (413.85 ± 25.27 and 268.85 ± 16.33 vs.100.00,t =35.16,19.25 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05)compared with those irradiated with UVB of 30 mJ/cm2 alone.UVB irradiation stimulated the phosphorylation of EGFR/ERK in keratinocytes,and the stimulation was markedly inhibited by the pre-treatment with EGCG of 10-7,10-6 and 10-5 mol/L (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EGCG can enhance skin barrier function.AQP3 expression is down-regulated by UVB irradiation in keratinoctyes,while EGCG can inhibit the downregulation likely by suppressing the UVB-induced activation of EGFR and ERK.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of repigmentation in vitiligo induced by narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) via observing the effects of 311 nm NB-UVB on the proliferation of, apoptosis and melanogenesis in melanocytes. Methods Immortalized B10BR melanocytes were irradiated with NB-UVB at varying doses (400, 800 and 1200 mJ/cm2). Subsequently, the proliferation of and apoptosis in melanocytes were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively, and the content of melanin was determined by NaOH assay. The expression of BCL-2 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR, and MC-1R expression of melanoeytes by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Results The proliferation of and apoptosis in melanocytes experienced no obvious change after irradiation with NB-UVB at the three tested doses. In B10BR melanocytes irradiated with NB-UVB at 400, 800 and 1200 mJ/cm2, the melanin content was 1.42, 1.78, 2.05 times, the mRNA expression of BCL-2 was 1.75, 2.32, 3.28 times, and the protein expression of MC-1R was 1.68, 2.35 and 3.01 times, that in unirradiated melanocytes, respectively. Conclusion NB-UVB irradiation at therapeutic doses could promote the melanogenesis in, enhance anti-oxidative stress activities of melanocytes,by upregulating the expressions of BCL-2 and MC-1R, with no marked effects on the apoptosis in melanocytes.

Purpose:To assess the value of 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT in discrimination of malignant from benign breast mass.Methods:The trial was prospective, blind and diagnostic. From 2000.6 to 2001.12, one hundred one consecutive patients with breast mass detected by clinical examination were included. After injection of 740 MBq 99m Tc tetrofosmin intravenously in the arm contralateral to the breast lesion, 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT was performed additional to the regular diagnostic procedure. All patients underwent operation within one week. Using histological assessment as a golden standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT of the breast mass. Results:The sensitivity for palpable breast lesions was 86 3%, specificity 84.0%, positive and negative predictive value were 84.6% and 85.7% respectively. Conclusions:The results suggested that 99m Tc tetrofosmin SPECT is a valuable tool for the evaluation of palpable breast lesions.

Objective To investigate the ability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI in detecting skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty-one patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received whole body and skull-base tomography SPECT, and nasopharynx and skull-base MRI before radiotherapy. The results were double-blind compared and evaluated. Results The overall positive rates of skull-base invasion detected by SPECT and MRI were 51% and 46% (P=0.508). In paitents with headache, cranial nerve palsy or both, the rates were 83% and 86% (P=1.000) ,80% and 80% (P=1.000), 88% and 94% (P=1.000), respectively. In patients with T1+T2 and T3+T4lesions,the rates were 22% and 0(P=0.031) ,74% and 82% (P=0.250) ,repectively. In patients with N0+N1and N2+N3lesions,they were 50% and 48% (P=1.000) ,53% and 40% (P=0.500) ,respectively. The conformation rate between SPECT and MRI was 85%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that T stage was a risk factor for positive SPECT(χ2=4.23,P=0.040, OR=3.04). Headache tended to be a risk factor for both positive SPECT and positive MRI (χ2=3.13, P=0.077, OR=4.54;χ2=3.64,P=0.056,OR=12.00). Conclusions The detection sensitivity of SPECT in skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is equivalent to that of MRI. The consistency between SPECT and MRI is good. Moreover, there is a good correlation between SPECT and symptoms, signs and stage. SPECT of skullbase tomography is necessary for patients with severe headache, negative CT and those who can not receive MRI. When SPECT result is positive,skull-base should be considered to be invaded and should be defined as gross tumor volume in radiotherapy planning.

Objective To survey the quality of life and mental health status of pre-post household service workers who held a high school graduation certificate or above and had been engaged in different work.Methods A total of 254 household service workers completed Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQL-BREF).Statistical analyses of variance and correlation were carried out to evaluate mental health status and quality of life of the participants.Results Abnormal score of SCL-90 was found in 8％ of household service workers who had graduated from high school.The psychological score of household service workers who had worked as workers(60.59± 2.18)was lower than those who had worked as service workers (66.23 ± 12.13) or peasants (65.40 ± 12.24) (P ＜0.05).Almost all factors of SCL-90 were negatively correlated with WHOQL-BREF (correlation coefficient -0.140 to-0.376).Conclusions Our data suggest that mental health status can be well in pre-post household service workers who held a high school graduation certificate or above.Special training should be given to the household service workers in accordance with their working experience.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of large-spot and low-energy Q switched Nd:YAG laser on melasma,and to observe the changes of melasma lesions with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) before and after the laser treatment.MethodsTotally,45 patients aged from 24 to 48 years and diagnosed with facial melasma were included in this study,and treated with large-spot and low-energy Q switched Nd:YAG once a week for 10 or more sessions.CLSM was used to estimate the melanin content in melasma lesions before each irradiation and after the last irradiation.ResultsAmong the 45 patients,8 ( 17.78％ ) were nearly cured,25 (55.56％) markedly improved,11 (24.44％) improved,and only 1 (2.22％) unimproved after the laser irradiation.The total response rate was 73.33％.As CLSM showed,there was an increment in melanin granules in melasma lesions compared with the normal skin surrounding melasma lesions,but a reduction in melanin granules was induced by the laser treatment in melasma lesions.ConclusionsLarge-spot and lowenergy Q switched Nd∶YAG laser is substantially effective and highly safe for the treatment of melasma,and CLSM can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of laser on melasma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 131 iodine(131I) therapy in medium and large goiter with hyperthyroidism in order to investigate the influence of pretreatment with antithyroid drugs (ATD) methimazole(MMI) and propylthiouracide (PTU) on 131I therapy.Methods A total of 338 hyperthyroidism patients (136 cases for male,202 cases for female) with thyroid mass greater than 40 grams were treated with 131I in the People's Hospital of Sichuan Province.Thyroid function,thyroid 131I uptake ratio and thyroid imaging were measured before treatment were measured 1-3 months later after administration of 131I,and they were followed up for 6 months to 4 years.Results There were statistical difference between pretreatment and 3 months later of 131I therapy in terms of free triiodothyronine (FT3),(Free thyroxine) FT4.The level of FT3 decreased from (31.9 ± 16.2) pmol/L to (7.8 ±8.5) pmol/L(t =23.9,P =0.000) and level of FT4 decreased from (58.8 ± 22.2) pmol/L to (19.4 ± 16.9) pmol/L(t =25.4,P =0.000).Among 338 patients,109 patients (32.2％) were developed hypothyroidism,and 91 patients (26.9％) were cured,91patients (26.9％) with improved state,20 patients(5.9％) with ineffective and 27 patients(8.0％) with relapse after administration of 131I.The total effective rate was 94.1％ (318/338).Thyroid weight,levels of FT3,FT4,thyroglobulin antibody(TGA),thyroid microsomal antibody(MCA) in effective group were (49.8 ± 9.97) g,(32.5 ± 16.3) pmol/L,(59.5 ± 22.2) pmol/L,(43.6 ± 35.3) ％,(30.1 ± 22.6) ％ respectively,and were (56.9±15.7) g,(22.8 ± 12.8) pmol/L,(47.9 ±20.3) pmol/L,(22.8±30.0)％,(15.3 ±20.5)％ respectively in ineffective group.There were statistically significant differences between the ineffective group and effective group (t =2.932,2.602,2.287,2.501,2.766 ; P =0.000,0.010,0.023,0.013,0.006).Logistic regression analysis was showed that weight of thyroid and serum FT3 were the most important factors in affecting 1131 therapy.Conclusion 131 I therapy for medium and large-sized goiter with hyperthyroidism is safe and effective.ATD may not reduce the effectiveness of subsequent 131I of hyperthyroidism.Thyroid weight and FT3 are the key influential factors in affecting 131I.

Objective To evaluate the screening effect of osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) in middle aged and elderly healthy men in Chengdu.Methods A total of 4042 healthy men aged 40 to 106 years received dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assay,and OSTA index evaluation.Measurement sites included lumbar spine (L1-4),left femoral neck,trochanter,Ward's area,total hip and femoral shaft.All persons were classified into highosteoporosis-group (OSTA≤-4),mediumosteoporosis-group (-4 ＜ OSTA≤≤-1),low osteoporosis-group (OSTA＞-1),or the low risk-group (OSTA＞-1) and high risk-group (OSTA≤-1) by OSTA scores.T-scores were compared between different measurement sites detected by DXA.The sensitivity,specificity,Kappa value and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of OSTA in screening osteoporosis were evaluated.Results The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in lumbar spine,proximal femur were gradually increased along with aging.The detection rate of osteoporosis in lumbar spine and proximal femur were 16.2％ and 24.0％ respectively in subjects aged over 80 years.OSTA index in low-risk,medium-risk group,high-risk group were 85.0％,11.0％,4.0％ respectively.The detection rate of osteoporosis in lumbar spine and proximal femur were 2.6％ and 1.6％ in low-risk group,10.4％ and 10.4％ in medium-risk group,and 29.3％ and 30.5％ in high-risk group,respectively.Taking OSTA ≤-1 as the cut-off value,the sensitivity and specificity of OSTA in screening osteoporosis in lumbar spine and femur by T-score＜-1 were 28.1％,28.7 ％,89.0％ and 92.4％ respectively,and by T-score≤-2.5 were 51.6％,63.2％,86.7％ and 86.8％ respectively.The consistency of diagnosis result between T-score and OSTA index according to the three versus two risk levels was 0.153 and 0.197 versus 0.195 and 0.243 Kappa value,respectively.The AUC of OSTA index for lumbar spine and femur by T-score＜-1 and T-score≤-2.5 were 0.689 and 0.823,and for different age groups and different measurement sites were 0.639 and 0.899 (all P＜0.001).Conclusions OSTA index has a certain ability in screening osteoporosis in men aged over 50 years.There are different screening results on osteoporosis among the different age groups.