Objective To improve the quality of antibiotics prescriptions in outpatient and emergency departments, to reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial drugs and to improve the quality of pharmacy service through system of rational drug administration.MethodsAnalyzing and evaluating the data of irrational administration of antimicrobial drugs between 2014 and 2015.The data was collected by the system of rational drug administration.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2015, the qualified rate of antibiotics prescriptions increased from 95.40% to 98.71%.Different types of irrational use of antimicrobial agents significantly reduced.ConclusionThe application of system of rational drug administration can improve the qualified rate of antibiotics prescriptions in outpatient and emergency departments and can promote pharmacy service.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast carcinoma in elderly female patients and to offer the standard clinical diagnosis and treatment for breast carcinoma.Methods A total of 178 patients admitted to Breast Center of Beijing Hospital from January to December 2011 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Patients were divided into non-elderly group and elderly group.Clinical features,imaging diagnosis,operation patterns and pathological diagnosis were recorded.The data were analyzed by using SAS 9.1 software.Results The patients diagnosed as breast carcinomas in BI-RAD 4-5 categories by mammography were much more in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (82.1％ vs.63.0％,P＜0.05).The diagnostic accuracy rates of ultrasonography and mammography in the elderly group were comparable(P＞ 0.05),while in the non-elderly group,the diagnostic accuracy rate of ultrasonography was higher than that of mammography (P＜0.05).The incidence of concurrent diseases was higher in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).The patients undergoing breast resection operation were much more in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (14 cases vs.3 cases,P＜0.05).The pathological diagnosis analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the number of ER-positive cells and PR-positive cells,tumor size,histological grade,pathological stage between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The incidence of lymph node metastasis was lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).The percentage of Ki-67 positive cells was lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).The percentage of CerbB-2 strongly positive (+++) cells was lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (5.1 ％ vs.24％,P＜0.05).The invasive ductal carcinoma was the major histological type of breast cancer in both two groups,but there were more mixed type and other type carcinomas in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Ultrasonograpy and mammography have better sensitivity for breast cancer in elderly female patients.The surgical protocols are often influenced because more concurrent diseases have occurred in the elderly.There are significant differences in some prognostic factors between the two groups,which may imply a better prognosis in elderly patients.

0.05).Conclusion When given concomitantly as a Cocktail,theophylline,chlorzoxazone and dapsone have no pharmacokinetic interaction,which could be used together to evaluate CYP1A2,CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 activity.

BACKGROUND:The number of elderly patients with hip fracture is huge, and this population mainly combines with a variety of internal diseases. The general condition was bad. Compared to total hip arthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty can shorten operation time, reduce the time of anesthesia and improve surgical safety, but the operation using which fixation mode is always controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the safety and curative effects of bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cementless or cement femoral stem prosthesis in elderly patients with osteoporotic complex hip fracture.
METHODS:From June 2007 to June 2010, 198 elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fracture aged more than 75 years old, who were treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, were enroled in this study. Al patients were divided into cementless group (n=69) and cement group (n=129) according to the type of prognosis. Osteoporosis was treated conventionaly in both groups after replacement. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incidence of postoperative hip pain, out of bed activity time post surgery, Harris scores of last folow-up and loosening rate of the prognosis were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:176 of above 198 cases were folowed up for 48 to 84 months, including 122 in the cement group and 54 in the cementless group. Operation time was longer in the cement group than in the cementless group, but out of bed time was earlier in the cement group than in the cementless group post surgery, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05). The incidences of loosening and hip pain were more in the cement group than in the cementless group post surgery (P < 0.05). No significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and Harris scores of last folow-up was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidences of loosening rate were 5% and 4% in the cement and cementless groups, respectively, which showed significant differences (P< 0.05). These results indicate that bipolar hemiarthroplasty with or without cement for osteoporotic hip fracture in the elderly can obtain good middle- and long-term effects. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cement can reduce the out of bed time, but operation time was longer, and incidences of hip pain and loosening were higher in cement prosthesis than in cementless prosthesis.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic radial incision( ERI) for benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with benign stricture of e?sophageal anastomosis undergoing ERI from October 2013 to September 2014 were retrospectively studied. Im?provement of clinical symptom and treatment?related complication or discomfort were intensively analysed. Re?sults All 17 patients successfully received ERI procedures, and the mean operating time was 10 minutes with a mean of 4 incisions. Obvious bleeding and mis?cut of normal mucosa occurred in 1 case, and this patient was cured by endoscopic hemostasis, gastrointestinal decompression and administration of antibiotics. Heartburn oc?curred in 5 patients and disappeared spontaneously without other complications or discomfort. Dysphagia score decreased from 3?11 to 0?90 in the second day after ERI(P<0?01).The mean follow?up time was 15?5 months ( range 9?20 months) . The dysphagia score showed no significant difference between the follow?up period and the second day after ERI ( P>0?05 ) . Conclusion ERI is simple, safe and effective for treating benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis.

Objective To evaluate the safety,feasibility and value of treating familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection.Methods Thirty six patients with familial adenomatous polyposis from June 2009 to May 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.16 FAP patients underwent laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection and 20 FAP underwent traditional laparotomy.The clinical data,including short term follow up outcomes,safety,and recovery were analyzed retrospectively.Results Laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection was performed successfully on 16 patients without severe complications.The mean operation time of the laparoscopic group was (178 ± 33) min,the mean operative blood loss (72 ± 30)ml in the laparoseopic group were not significantly different when compared with the mean operation time (159 ± 24) min and the mean operative blood loss (110 ± 50) ml in the conventional group.Incision length (5.6 ± 1.1) cm,the intestinal function recovery time (2.7 ± 0.9) d,hospital stay after surgery (8.1 ± 1.6) d in the laparoseopic group were significantly different when compared with incision length (15.8 ± 1.8) cm,the intestinal recovery time (3.8 ±0.9) d,hospital stay after surgery (9.9 ± 1.6) d in the conventional group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no severe complications in neither group nor local recurrence,distant nletastases or death found during the follow-up of 6-56 months.Conclusions Laparoscopic assisted total colorectal resection for FAP can be performed safely and effectively with the advantages of minimal invasion,quick recovery and good short term effect.

BACKGROUND:It is important to establish an ideal mouse model of severe aplastic anemia for investigating the mechanism and finding new therapies for aplastic anemia. OBJECTIVE:To establish a severe aplastic anemia mouse model by using recombinant human interferon-γand busulfan. METHODS:Sixty healthy Kunming female mice were randomly divided into two groups:model group (n=50) and control group (n=10). The model group was given recombinant human interferon-γat a dose of 1×104 U/d by intraperitoneal injection and busulfan at a dose of 18 mg/(kg·d) through stomach feeding for 7 days. The same volume of physiological saline was given to control group. Multi-parameters, including general condition, body weight, blood cellcount, morphology and biopsy of bone marrow were analyzed in two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At day 7 after treatment, the weight, white blood cellcount, hemoglobin, blood platelet, reticulocyte count in model group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). Bone marrow smears and biopsy of model group showed marked reduction of bone marrow proliferation and increases of percentages of non-hematopoietic cellclusters and adipose tissue. The oil drop and fat vacuole were apparently seen in the model group. Severe aplastic anemia mouse model can be established by using recombinant human interferon-γand busulfan successful y, which is economic, stable and easy to operate.

Aim To investigate the influence of sarpog-relate hydrochloride (SH)on the pharmacokinetic pro-file of dextromethorphan (DM),the typical substrate of CYP2D1 /2,in rats when they were administered co-instantaneously.Methods A total of 1 2 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:the control group (DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 )and the sarpogrelate group (SH, 1 0 mg·kg-1 ;DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 ),which received in-tragastric administration.Plasma samples were collected immediately before and at different time points after drug administration.A LC-MS /MS method was used to determine the concentrations of DM in rat plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using Drug and Statistics (DAS 2.0).Results There were signif-icant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of DM,including T1 2 (2.49 h ±0.93 h vs 1 .47 h ±0.20 h,P <0.05 ),Cmax (325.7 μg·L -1 ±1 33.2 μg· L -1 vs 1 04.5μg·L -1 ±52.4 μg·L -1 ,P <0.05), AUC0 -t(785.5 μg·L -1 ·h ±451 .9 μg·L -1 ·h vs 244.8 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 68.3μg·L -1 ·h,P <0.05) and AUC0 -∞(804.7 μg·L -1 ·h ±445.6 μg·L -1 ·h vs 251 .4 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 73.4 μg·L -1 ·h,P<0.05 )between the two groups.Conclusion SH could significantly inhibit the elimination of DM,the substrate of CYP2D1 /2 in rats.

Objective To evaluate the significance of platelet activation and the expression of inter-leukin (IL)-1β in patients with RA. Methods The activation of platelets and the expression of IL-1β in pla-telets in 50 RA patients(22 high-active, 28 mediate/low active ) and 30 normal controls were determined us-ing flow cytometry. Meanwhile, inflammatory indicators such as erythrocyte sedimentation(ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and DAS28 were also recorded. T test and correlation analysis were performed. Results The platelet activation in RA group(19.2±4.8) was higher than the control group(9.0±2.9)(t=10.5, P=0.001). The expression of IL-1β in platelets in RA group(41±11) was higher than control group(21±8)(t=9.01, P =0.000) .The platelet activation in high-active RA group(22 ±4) was higher than mediate/low active RA group(17 ±4)(t =3.96,P =0.001). The expression of IL-1β in platelets in high-active RA group(45 ±10) was higher than mediate/low active RA group (38 ±10)(t =2.329,P =0.024). The expression of IL-1β in platelets in RA group was positively correlated with the level of ESR、CRP and DAS28 (r value and P value were 0.576, 0.578, 0.618 and 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively). Conclusion The platelets of patients with RA are activated and may suggest that IL-1β, which may associate with disease activity. Our research suggest that platelet may play a role in the inflammatory process of RA by secreting IL-1β.

Objective To evaluate the potential relationship between isoforms of BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 ( BARD1 ) and the pathophysiologic markers of sporadic breast carcinoma of female Han ethnic group. Methods The expression of BARD1 isoforms in 39 breast carcinomatous tissue, 12paracancerous-normal breast tissue and 7 controlled normal breast tissue was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then cloned and sequenced.The difference of isoforms expression and their clinical significance were analyzed. Results There were four transcriptive products of BARD1 found in all these candidates,named full lenth,isoform γ,isoform δ and isoform e.The positive rate of isoform γ and δ was higher in carcinomatous tissues than in paracancerous-normal tissues and normal breast tissue in healthy women ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Carcinomatous tissue expressed more kinds of isoforms.There was significant difference between carcinomatous tissue and paranormal/nomal tissue ( P =0.0075 ).There was significant correlation between isoform ε positive and poor prognosis factors such as poorly differentiation,HER2 positive,poor pathologic type and larger breast cancer lumps(P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions There are significant differences in the expression of BARD1 isoforms among different kinds breast tissues in the female Han ethnic group.Positive isoform ε may predict poor prognosis of breast carcinoma in the female Han ethnic group.