Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in breast neoplasms and to improve the diagnostic accuracy rate,to promote closer communication betwen clinicians and ~pathologists ,mutually increase an understanding of frozen sections, and thus decrease the rate of misdiagnosis. Methods The diagnostic reports of intraoperative frozen sections and paraffin sections of 590 cases with breast neoplasms taken in the recent 8 and a half years were analyzed retrospectively. Results 586 cases (~99.32 %) of intraoperative frozen sections were diagnosed correctly and 4(0.68%) were misdiagnosed. In the 4 misdiagnosed cases,2 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma were misdiagnosed as benign lesions,due to questionable quality of the slides,and 2 cases of lobular cystic sarcoma were misdiagnosed as fibroadeuoma,due to removal of insufficient specimen.Conclusions The chief causes of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis of frozen sections are specimen limitations,varied morphology of the lesions,and quality of the frozen sections.When there is familiarity with the main aspects of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast pathology and enhancement of communication between the surgeon and pathologist,then frozen section of breast masses is an accurate and reliable method of investigation.

In order to explore the effects of diet and nutritional factors on breast cancer incidence, a case-control study was conducted in Tianjin. The study consisted of 244 cases diagnosed between September 1986 and September 1987 and equal number of matched controls from patients other than breast cancer in general hospital.The socio-demographic data, histories of menstruation and reproduction etc were collected by interview. The interview on diet was conducted by recalling the frequencies and amounts of various foods eaten one year prior to the diagnosis' of their current diseases. Data were analysed by using a nutrient-estimate program and conditional logistic regression model, chi square test and u-test.After adjusting for confounding factors, the results showed that high fat, high calorie, high monounsaturated fatty acid and low vitamin C intakes were risk factors for female breast cancer. High fat percentage of energy and low vegetable intake were associated with increased risk for breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE Toinvestigatetheantidepressantandantianxietyeffectofproanthocyani-dins(OPC)inchronicallystressedratsanditsunderlyingmechanism.METHODS Onemethodwas selected from 8 different stress methods each day,and the rats were treated with OPC (25,50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 )1 h before the stress method.The chronically stressed model was established.After 21 d stress experi ment,the i mmobility ti me in force swi mming test,sucrose consu mption and the nu mber of marbles buried in the marble burying test were observed respectively each day.OPC (25,50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 )was given 1 h before each test.In addition,Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-bindingprotein(p-CREB)inthehippocampusandfrontalcortex.RESULTS Comparedwith the control group,the chronically stressed group showed obvious depressive-like and anxiety-like behav-ior,while the immobility time decreased from (90.57 ±4.27)s in chronically stressed group to (78.25 ± 2.53)s (P<0.05),(72.12 ±3.21 )s(P<0.05)and (60.77 ±3.41 )s (P<0.05)when ig given OPC 25,50 and 100 mg·kg -1 respectively,the ratio of sucrose preference increased from (42.80 ±4.92)%to (67.54 ±4.32)%(P<0.05)and (72.21 ±7.99)%(P<0.05)when ig given OPC 50 and 1 00 mg· kg -1 respectively,the number of buried marbles decreased from 1 .57 ±0.21 in chronically stressed group to 0.63 ±0.26 (P<0.05)and 0.44 ±0.1 8 (P<0.05)when ig given OPC 50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 respectively.The expression of p-CREB in the hippocampus and frontal cortex distinctively increased in OPC group (25,50 and 100 mg·kg -1 )(P<0.05),so did the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus andfrontalcortexinOPCgroup(50and100mg·kg-1)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION OPCcanreverse the depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in chronically stressed rats,which may be related to the cAMP-CREB-BDNF signal transduction cascades.

Three kinds of fortified biscuits and bread were given as breakfast for 5 months to 106 preschool children 4-6 years old lodged in a kindergarten, with a control group taking common biscuits and bread without fortification. 6 g protein and 160 kcal were supplied by 50 g of fortifed foods in which 0.25 g lysine, 0.25 g lysine and 0.8 mg riboflavin, and cod liver oil and calcium in addition to lysine and riboflavin were fortified respectively. The results showed that a diet with intake of 2.1 g protein and 71 kcal/kg body weight fortified on the average by 228 mg lysine or 228 mg lysine and 1.1 mg riboflavin increased the monthly increment of body weights, heights, and urinary excretions of creatinine per day. There was also a tendency of improvement, in nitrogen retention. The urinary excretion of riboflavin in load test was increased in the group taking the second kind of fortified foods.

Objective To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia and on the P300 component of schizophrenics' event-related potentials (ERPs).Methods Ninety convalescing schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into a 5 Hz group,a 10 Hz group and a 15 Hz group,each of 30.The three groups were treated with the corresponding 5 Hz,10 Hz or 15 Hz rTMS once a day,five times a week for five consecutive weeks.The P300 ERPs of all three groups were tested before and after the treatment.Any curative effect was evaluated using the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS).Results After the treatment,the average SANS score of the 10 Hz group was significantly different from that before the treatment and also from those of the other two groups after the treatment.After the treatment,significant improvement was also observed in the amplitude of P300 in the 10 Hz group.The treatment's effectiveness was negatively correlated with age and longer course of the disease.Conelusion rTMS at 10 Hz is the most effective of the protocols tested for improving the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and improving cognitive functioning.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the secretory function of parotid glands by dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) sialography and determine the clinical performance of this technique in diagnosing and evaluating Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 29 healthy volunteers (25 women and 4 men; mean age, 34.8 ± 6.3 years; age range, 26–47 years) and 25 primary SS (pSS) patients (23 women and 2 men; mean age, 37.7 ± 7.9 years; age range, 25–50 years) with decreased secretory function. The volume of the parotid gland ducts was precisely measured for both groups at single pre- and 6 post-gustatory-stimulated phases. Time-dependent volume change ratio curves were generated, four parameters were derived from the curves: the slope of the increase in the first post-stimulation phase (slope(1st)), the peak value, the time-to-peak, the total saliva secretion post-stimulation. All values were used to quantitatively evaluate the secretory function of the parotid gland. The repeated measurement analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic curve were applied. RESULTS: Time-dependent volume change ratio curves demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups (F = 8.750; p = 0.005). A quickly increasing curve was shown in the volunteer group, whereas a slowly increasing curve was shown in the pSS patient group. The slope(1st), peak value and total saliva secretion post-stimulation of the patient group were significantly lower than those of the volunteer group (p = 0.005, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002, respectively). The time-to-peak between the two groups was not significantly different (p = 0.383). The slope(1st) can be used as a discriminator to diagnose SS patients (p = 0.015; odds ratio = 4.234; area under the curve = 0.726). CONCLUSION: Dynamic MR sialography is proven to be an effective method in evaluating salivary gland function and has a great potential in diagnosing and evaluating pSS patients.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Odds Ratio ; Parotid Gland ; ROC Curve ; Saliva ; Salivary Glands ; Salivation ; Sialadenitis ; Sialography ; Volunteers

Objective To evaluate the role of hippocampal CD200 receptor 1(CD200R1)in peri-operative neurocognitive disorders(PND)in mice.Methods Sixty clean-grade male C57BL/6 mice,aged 9-10 months,weighing 32-38 g,were used in the study.The experiment was performed in two parts.Ex-periment Ⅰ Thirty-six mice were divided into 2 groups(n＝18 each)using a random number table meth-od: control group(group C)and PND group.Group C only received isoflurane anesthesia.Partial left lo-bectomy of the liver was performed under isoflurane anesthesia in group PND.Contextual fear conditioning test was performed at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery,and the freezing time was recorded.The mice were then sacrificed,and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)contents(by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)and CD200 and CD200R1 expression(by Western blot).ExperimentⅡ Twenty-four mice were divided into 2 groups(n＝12 each)using a random number table method: CD200-Fc group and IgG1-Fc group.Recombinant proteins CD200-Fc and human IgG1-Fc were injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in CD200-Fc group and IgG1-Fc group,respectively.Partial left lobectomy of the liver was performed after the end of injection.Contextual fear conditioning test was performed at 1 and 3 days after surgery,and the freezing time was recorded.Re-sults Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group C,the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly shortened,and the contents of IL-1β were increased at 1 and 3 days after surgery,the contents of TNF-α were increased at 3 and 7 days after surgery,and the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 was up-regulated at 1 day after surgery in group PND(P＜0.05).ExperimentⅡ Compared with IgG1-Fc group,the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly prolonged at 1 day after surgery in CD200-Fc group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Up-regulated expression of hippocampal CD200R1 is the endogenous protective mechanism of PND in mice.

Objective To develop the symptom terminology standard of dampness syndrome,and to provide reference for researches related to the dampness syndrome.Methods According to the workflow of The Principle and Method of Examining and Approving the Terminology in Science and Technology,we conducted the research as the following process:collecting symptoms,denominating symptoms and defining symptoms.First,we merged symptoms according to their intension and extension,and made symptoms independency based on their dampness characteristics and diagnostic value.We also included negative symptoms if they had diagnostic value on dampness syndrome.And then we denominated symptoms following the principle of monosemy and scientificity.Previous researches on symptom terminology usually gave symptom term nominal definitions,while in this study we gave the symptom terms operational definitions,including intension and application operationalization.Besides,based on symptom characteristics we developed symptomatic grading and quantification criteria.At last,the above-mentioned were optimized and confirmed based on the expert opinions.Results In this study,we denominated and defined forty-two symptoms,and also developed symptomatic grading and quantification criteria for them.Conclusion We developed symptom terminology standard for dampness syndrome.This study especially valued symptom independence and symptom terms operational definitions,which could give dampness syndrome diagnosis and evaluation real practice significance,and serve well for scientific researches and clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the expression at protein level and diagnostic value of histone acetyltransferase MYST2 in pancreatic cancer.Methods:From December 1st, 2017 to June 30th, 2020, at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, a total of 54 cases of pancreatic cancer tissues and corresponding paracancerous pancreatic tissues (>5 cm from the surgical margin) resected and confirmed by pathology were collected. ASPC1 and BXPC3 pancreatic cancer cell lines were knocked down (ASPC1 and BXPC3 knockdown group), CFPAC1 and SW1990 pancreatic cancer cell lines were overexpressed (CFPAC1 and SW1990 overexpression group), the untreated ASPC1, BXPC3, CFPAC1 and SW1990 were set as blank vector control group. The expression at protein level of MYST2 was detected by Western blotting in patients with different degrees of pathological differentiation, human normal pancreatic duct epithelial cell line HPDE, human pancreatic cancer cell lines ASPC1, BXPC3, CFPAC1 and SW1990, knockdown group, overexpression group and blank vector control group. The cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation ability of the knockdown group, overexpression group and blank vector control group were determined by real-time cellular analysis, Transwell migration and invasion test, and plate colony formation assay. MYST2 immunohistochemical scoring was performed on pancreatic cancer tissues and para cancer tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to analyze the value of different MYST2 protein expression levels in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Independent sample t test and variance analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the pathological slides of 54 cases of pancreatic cancer, 13 cases were highly differentiated, 24 cases were moderately differentiated, 15 cases were poorly differentiated and 2 cases were undifferentiated, the MYST2 expression at protein level in pancreatic cancer cells was 3.12±1.67, 2.87±1.59, 2.12±1.03 and 1.08±0.34, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=1.241, P<0.05). The MYST2 expression levels of ASPC1, BXPC3, CFPAC1 and SW1990 were all higher than that of normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell lines HPDE (1.41±0.47, 1.40±0.93, 1.13±0.62 and 1.71±0.46 vs. 0.82±0.25), and the differences were statistically significant( t=1.625, 1.577, 1.319 and 1.832, all P<0.05). The MYST2 expression level of BXPC3 knockdown group was lower than that of BXPC3 blank vector control group (0.39±0.12 vs. 0.75±0.34); that of ASPC1 knockdown group was lower than that of ASPC1 blank vector control group (0.43±0.22 vs. 0.82±0.48); that of CFPAC1 overexpression group was higher than that of CFPAC1 blank vector control group (1.38±0.45 vs. 0.82±0.37); that of SW1990 overexpression group was higher than that of SW1990 blank vector control group (1.34±0.65 vs. 0.51±0.22), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=1.414, 1.378, 1.319 and 1.934, all P<0.05). The cell proliferation of ASPC1 knockdown group was slower than that of ASPC1 blank vector control group, and the proliferation peak at 80 h was lower than that of blank vector control group (1.02±0.77 vs. 4.31±2.45); the cell proliferation of BXPC3 knockdown group was slower than that of BXPC3 blank vector control group, and the proliferation peak at 80 h was lower than that of blank vector control group (0.91±0.24 vs. 2.84±0.53); the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in SW1990 overexpression group was faster than that of SW1990 blank vector control group, and the proliferation peak at 80 h was higher than that of blank vector control group (3.10±0.67 vs. 1.04±0.17); the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in CFPAC1 overexpression group was faster than that that of CFPAC1 blank vector control group, and the proliferation peak at 80 h was higher than that of blank vector control group (5.45±1.13 vs. 1.01±0.29), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=1.427, 1.316, 1.292 and 1.501, all P<0.05). In the test of migration ability, the number of cells passed through the Transwell chamber of ASPC1 knockdown group was less than that of ASPC1 blank vector control group (34.08±17.62 vs. 118.76±5.31); that of BXPC3 knockdown group was less than that of BXPC3 blank vector control group (18.62±9.64 vs. 57.90±12.67); that of SW1990 overexpression group was more than that of SW1990 blank vector control group (134.84±24.65 vs. 37.82±6.73); that of CFPAC1 overexpression group was more than that of CFPAC1 blank vector control group (65.79±27.46 vs. 11.68±5.13), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=1.475, 1.322, 1.437 and 1.219, all P<0.05). In the test of invasion ability, the number of cells passed through the Transwell chamber of ASPC1 knockdown group was less than that of ASPC1 blank vector control group (9.79±5.75 vs. 45.76±12.71); that of BXPC3 knockdown group was less than that of BXPC3 blank vector control group (23.46±11.13 vs. 84.92±17.65); that of SW1990 overexpression group was more than that of SW1990 blank vector control group (156.42±34.50 vs. 42.13±22.17); that of CFPAC1 overexpression group was more than that of CFPAC1 blank vector control group (112.64±47.82 vs. 39.09±17.23), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=1.324, 1.635, 1.423 and 1.119, all P<0.05). The number of colony formation of the ASPC1 knockdown group was less than that of ASPC1 blank vector control group (13.15±6.42 vs. 86.79±35.17); that of BXPC3 knockdown group was less than that of BXPC3 blank vector control group (14.93±9.30 vs. 52.93±15.76); that of SW1990 overexpression group was more than that of SW1990 blank vector control group (129.10±57.31 vs. 62.42±37.43); that of CFPAC1 overexpression group was more than that of CFPAC1 blank vector control group (157.98±66.45 vs. 74.35±34.69), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=1.148, 1.290, 1.274 and 1.462, all P<0.05). The MYST2 score of pancreatic cancer tissues was higher than that of adjacent paracancerous pancreatic tissues (3.04±2.23 vs. 1.32 ± 0.70), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.479, P<0.05). When the total immunohistochemistry score of MYST2 was 3 point, the area under the curve was the largest (0.888, 95% confidence interval 0.827 to 0.948), and the Youden index was 0.56. Conclusion:MYST2 is associated with the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, and promotes the development of pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To develop a model incorporating radiomic features and clinical factors to accurately predict acute ischemic stroke (AIS) outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data from 522 AIS patients (382 male [73.2%]; mean age ± standard deviation, 58.9 ± 11.5 years) were randomly divided into the training (n = 311) and validation cohorts (n = 211). According to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months after hospital discharge, prognosis was dichotomized into good (mRS ≤ 2) and poor (mRS > 2); 1310 radiomics features were extracted from diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression method were implemented to select the features and establish a radiomics model. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the clinical factors and construct a clinical model. Ultimately, a multivariable logistic regression analysis incorporating independent clinical factors and radiomics score was implemented to establish the final combined prediction model using a backward step-down selection procedure, and a clinical-radiomics nomogram was developed. The models were evaluated using calibration, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and decision curve analyses. Results: Age, sex, stroke history, diabetes, baseline mRS, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and radiomics score were independent predictors of AIS outcomes. The area under the ROC curve of the clinical-radiomics model was 0.868 (95% confidence interval, 0.825–0.910) in the training cohort and 0.890 (0.844–0.936) in the validation cohort, which was significantly larger than that of the clinical or radiomics models. The clinical radiomics nomogram was well calibrated (p > 0.05). The decision curve analysis indicated its clinical usefulness. Conclusion The clinical-radiomics model outperformed individual clinical or radiomics models and achieved satisfactory performance in predicting AIS outcomes.