Objective To explore the contamination of sewage from hotels and restaurants by Salmonella typhi. Methods 327 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants and 176 sewage samples collected from some residential area were detected for Salmonella typhi based on the national standard methods. Results The positive rate of Salmonella typhi in the sewage samples from hotels and restaurants (3.67%) was significantly higher than that from residential area(0.57%), P=0.04(exact probability test).12 strains of Salmonella typhi belonging to 4 sero-groups and 9 serotypes were found in 12 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants.One strain of Salmonella typhimurium was only found in one sewage sample collected from residential area. The positive rate of Salmonella typhi in the sewage samples collected during January-March (5.47%) was significantly higher than that during April-June(0.79%) among total 327 sewage samples collected from hotels and restaurants, P=0.033(exact probability test). Conclusion The contamination of sewage from hotels and restaurants by Salmonella typhi and its potential risk to human health should be paid more attention to.

AIM To investigate the effect of recipient kidney function by CsA coadministration Ber used to induce immune tolerance in rats of allogenic cardiac transplantation. METHODS The authors established the SD to Wistar rats heterotopic cardiac transplantation model by Onos methods.Observe the cardiac allograft survival and levels of BUN and Cr in the recipients plasma. The recipients were classified into 5 groups randomly after heterotopic cardiac transplantation were performed. Group A (Wistar to Wistar)): Received placebo intraperitoneal injected for 21 days; Group B (SD to Wistar): Saline intraperitoneal injected for 21 days; Group C (SD to Wistar):CsA 2 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 intraperitoneal injected for 21 days; Group D(SD to Wistar):Ber 16 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 gastrointubation for 21 days; Group E(SD to Wistar): Ber 16 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 gastrointubation coadministration CsA 2 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ip for 21 days. RESULTS The levels of BUN and Cr in recipint plasma is lower evidently compare with the group with CsA ip simply. CONCLUSION Ber can reduce the renal toxicity in recipients by CsA which was intraperitoneal injected (ip) over a long period time.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the combination of rituximab injection and cyclophosphamide+ hydroxydoxorubicin+ oncovin+ prednisone (CHOP) regimen on serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) levels in patients with non Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL).Methods:A total of 92 NHL patients admitted to the Hematology Department of Fuyang People′s Hospital from January 2020 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group ( n=46) and a control group ( n=46) using a random number table method. The control group received chemotherapy intervention with CHOP regimen; The observation group received intravenous infusion of rituximab injection 1 day before the start of CHOP chemotherapy. After 6 consecutive cycles of treatment (1 cycle for 21 days), the efficacy and adverse reactions, the levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], T lymphocytes [surface antigen differentiation cluster 4 (CD4 + ), surface antigen differentiation cluster 8 (CD8 + ), CD4/CD8, helper T cells 17 (Th17)], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), LDH, and β2-MG of the two groups were compared after treatment. Results:The total remission rate of the observation group was 80.43%(37/46), which was higher than that of the control group, which was 60.87%(28/46), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, TNF-α and IL-6 levels decreased, Th17 and CD8 + levels increased in both groups after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); After treatment, the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and Th17 levels were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the LDH, β2-MG, and VEGF levels in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment (all P<0.05); After treatment, the LDH, β2-MG, and VEGF levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were 86.96%(40/46) and 80.43%(37/46), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of rituximab injection and CHOP regimen for NHL treatment can effectively alleviate inflammation, improve LDH, β 2-MG, VEGF levels, and enhance efficacy. The safety is similar to using CHOP regimen alone, and it is worth promoting and applying.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of flow cytometry (FCM) for diagnosing lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS).Method:The clinical data in 57 patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)were retrospective analyzed at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from July 2010 to July 2019. All patients were performed bone marrow FCM and bone marrow pathological examination before final diagnoses were made. The golden diagnosis criterion was based on clinical, biochemical and histopathological evidence, which was regarded as the standard to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of FCM analysis in diagnosing LAHS.Results:Among 57 cases, 36 cases were eventually diagnosed with LAHS, including 15 B-cell lymphoma(14 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 B-cell lymphoma with reactive T-cell hyperplasia), 13 aggressive NK/T cell lymphoma/leukemia, 2 cases of gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma, 4 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, 1 enteropathy-associated peripheral T-cell lymphoma and 1 anaplastic T-cell lymphoma. Lymphoma cells in bone marrow were detected in all patients by FCM except one ENTCL patient. The sensitivity and the specificity of FCM in LASH compared to bone marrow biopsy were 97.2%( P=0.014)and 90.5%( P=0.488) respectively. In the other 21 non-LAHS patients, T cell receptor Vβ (TCRVβ) rearrangement was detected in 2 patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated primary HLH. Conclusions:FCM effectively detects lymphoma cells in bone marrow of lymphoma patients with LHL, suggesting that FCM could be an important indicator for the diagnosis of LAHS. FCM also has the advantage in differentiating LAHS from other HLH.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical value of a novel non-crosslinked biological mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.Methods:The prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. The clinical data of 50 adult patients with unilateral inguinal hernia who were admitted to 3 medical centers, including Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine et al, from September 2019 to March 2020 were selected. Based on random number table, patients were divided into two groups. Patients using the novel non-crosslinked biological mesh in repair surgery were divided into the experiment group and patients using the lightweight, micro-porous, partially absorbable synthetic mesh in repair surgery were divided into the control group. Observation indicators: (1) grouping situations of the enrolled patients; (2) endpoint of the study. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the non-parameter rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers and (or) persentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the non-parameter rank sum test. Repeated measurement data were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA. Taking the recurrence rate of hernia as the basis of efficacy evaluation, according to the intention-to-treat analysis, the confidence interval method (Newcombe Wilson method) was used to conduct non-inferiority statistical analysis of the recurrence rate of hernia between the experiment group and the control group. If the upper limit of 95% confidence interval of the difference of recurrence rate of hernia between the experiment group and the control group is less than 10%, the experiment group is considered to be non-inferior to the control group. Results:(1) Grouping situations of the enrolled patients. A total of 50 adult patients with inguinal hernia were selected for eligibility. There were 44 males and 6 females, aged (60±15)years. All 50 patients were randomly divided into to the experiment group and the control group with 25 cases each. One patient in the control group was not followed up at postoperative month 2, and the rest of 49 patients completed all expected follow-up. No patient in the two groups fell off or were removed. (2) Endpoint of the study. ① The primary endpoint of study. The recurrence rate of hernia was 0 in the experiment group, versus 4%(1/25) in the control group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Results of non-inferiority statistical analysis showed that the 95% confidence interval of the difference of recurrence rate of hernia between the two groups was -19.54% to 9.72%, with the upper limit as 9.72%, which was less than 10%. ② The secondary endpoint of study. There were 2 patients in the control group occurred seroma at postoperative day 14, and none of the rest of patient in the two groups occurred seroma during the follow-up, showing no significant difference in the occurrence of seroma between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was 1 patient in the control group feeling discomfort or foreign body sensation in groin area at postoperative month 2, and none of the rest of patient in the two groups feeling discomfort or foreign body sensation in groin area during the follow-up, showing no significant difference in the feeling discomfort or foreign body sensation in groin area between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no patient occurred surgical site infection in the experiment group, and there was 1 patient in the control group occurred postoperative skin infection, which had no relationship with mesh. There was no patient in both two groups occurred fever, anaphylaxis and patch related serious adverse reaction during the follow-up. The resting visual analogue scale score, active visual analogue scale score of patients at postoperative 2 days and postoperative 18 months were 0.44±1.00, 1.28±1.46 and 0, 0 in the experiment group, versus 0.40±0.76, 1.28±1.14 and 0.24±1.20, 0.44±1.29 in the control group, respectively. There was a significant difference in the time effect of postoperative active visual analogue scale score of patients between the two groups ( Ftime=10.19, P<0.05). The thickness of the novel non-crosslinked biological mesh before implantation was 0.5?0.7 mm. Two months after operation, results of B-ultrasonic examination in groin area of 10 patients from the experiment group showed a strong echo area at the patch implant area with a thickness as 2 mm. Conclusion:Application of novel non-crosslinked biological mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is safe and effective.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and other aspects of Picrorhizae Rhizoma by referring to the medical books， prescription books， and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with relevant modern research materials， in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb. The research results indicate that Picrorhizae Rhizoma was first recorded in New Revised Materia Medica from the Tang dynasty. Throughout history， Huhuanglian has been used as its official name， and there are also aliases such as Gehu Luze， Jiahuanglian and Hulian. The main source of past dynasties is the the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurrooa and P. scrophulariiflora. In ancient times， Picrorhizae Rhizoma was mainly imported by foreign traders via Guangzhou and other regions， and also produced in China， mainly in Xizang. In ancient times， it was harvested and dried in early August of the lunar calendar， while in modern times， it is mostly harvested from July to September， with the best quality being those with thick and crispy rhizomes without impurities， and bitter taste. Throughout history， Picrorhizae Rhizoma was collected， washed， sliced， and dried before being used as a raw material for medicine， it has a bitter and cold taste， mainly used to treat bone steaming， hot flashes， infantile chancre fever， and dysentery. There is no significant difference in taste and efficacy between ancient and modern times. Based on the research results， it is recommended that the rhizomes of P. scrophulariiflora in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， or the rhizomes of P. kurrooa， can be used in famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb， which can be processed according to the processing requirements marked by the original formula. For those without clear processing requirements， the dried raw products are used as medicine.

Production of chiral amines and unnatural amino-acid using ω-transaminase can be achieved by kinetic resolution and asymmetric synthesis, thus ω-transaminase is of great importance in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. By genomic data mining, a putative ω-transaminase gene hbp was found in Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. The gene was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme (HBP) was purified by Ni-NTA column and its catalytic properties and substrate profile were studied. HBP showed high relative activity (33.80 U/mg) and enantioselectivity toward β-phenylalanine (β-Phe). The optimal reaction temperature and pH were 40 ℃ and 8.0-8.5, respectively. We also established a simpler and more effective method to detect the deamination reaction of β-Phe by UV absorption method using microplate reader, and demonstrated the thermodynamic property of this reaction. The substrate profiling showed that HBP was specific to β-Phe and its derivatives as the amino donor. HBP catalyzed the resolution of rac-β-Phe and its derivatives, the products (R)-amino acids were obtained with about 50% conversions and 99% ee.
Bacterial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Burkholderia ; enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transaminases ; biosynthesis ; genetics

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， medicinal parts， processing and other aspects of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix（EPR） by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the relevant modern research materials， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herbal medicine. According to research， EPR was first recorded in the Shennong Bencaojing in the name of Daji， and it is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties， there are also other aliases such as Qiongju， Hongya Daji， and Xiamaxian. The dried roots of Euphorbia pekinensis from Euphorbiaceae was the mainstream of the past dynasties. Before the Ming dynasty， the above ground parts of E. pekinensis were used as Zeqi in herbal works. However， since LI Shizhen in the Ming dynasty proposed that the origin of Zeqi should be E. helioscopia， the aerial part of EPR is no longer used as medicine. Since modern times， the roots of Knoxia valerianoides has been used as EPR， and has become the mainstream of commodities， which should be corrected. Throughout history， it has been recorded that the main producing areas were Jiangsu， Anhui， Zhejiang， Shanxi and other regions， while modern botanical survey have shown that EPR is a widespread species distributed throughout the country. In ancient times， the harvesting time of EPR was mostly the twelfth lunar month， while in modern time， it is more common to harvest in autumn and winter. The main processing methods of EPR in ancient times were vinegar processing， wine processing， and stir frying， while in modern times， it is uniformly vinegar processing. In the medicinal properties and clinical aspects， the records are basically consistent throughout history， mainly characterized by bitter taste， cold and toxic nature. Its main efficacy is expelling water retention and reducing swelling. Based on the textual research， it is suggested to choose the dried roots of E. pekinensis when famous classical formulas containing EPR， processing method can be based on the original specified prescription requirements， if the processing method is not clear， it is recommended to use vinegar-processed products as medicine.