OBJECTIVE:To introduce the pharmacoeconomic evaluation into the selection of national essential drugs so as to improve the accessibility of drugs,use essential drugs rationally,and control the rapid increase of drug expenses.METHODS:The status quo of the application of pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the selection process of essential drugs in both China and abroad and the main problems faced by China were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The lack of evaluation agency and professional talents,non-unified technical standard and imperfect system guarantee are the main problems faced by China in the introduction of pharmacoeconomic evaluation into the selection of national essential drugs were,thus 5 thoughts on the introduction of pharmacoeconomic evaluation into the selection of National Essential Drugs have been put forward.

Objective To evaluate the value of multislice CT scan-3D reconstruction in the clinical type and treatment of ankle fracture.Methods Ankle fractures in 89 cases,preoperative underwent plain radiography,spiral CT and three-dimensional reconstruction at the same time.According to the Lange-Hansen classification and DanisWeber classification of ankle fractures were classified,the evaluation of 3D reconstruction with spiral CT in ankle fracture treatment in ratsResults The type of Lange-Hansen were as follows:pronation-abduction (PAB) 34 cases;pronation-external rotation(PER) 29 cases ; supination-adduction(SAB) 17 cases ; supination external rotation(SER) 9 cases.The type of Danis-Weber:A type 11 cases,B type 40cases,C type 38 cases.Conclusion Multislice CT scan-3D reconstruction has an important value in the clinical type and treatment of ankle fracture.

Objective:To compare the different characteristics of lipid profiles among the populations with normal glucose tolerance(NGT),impaired glucose regulation(IGR) and diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:A cross-section study of glucose and lipid metabolism was conducted in a Chongqing population aged 21 to 89 years.According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),the subjects were divided into 3 groups: NGT group,IGR group and DM group.The metabolic features of the lipid in each group were analyzed by sex.Results:TG,TC and LDL-c levels gradually increased,but HDL-c levels decreased in the groups of NGT,IGR and DM.In NGT group,the prevalence of men with high TG was significantly higher than that of women.In IGR group,the prevalence of women with high TG was significantly higher than that of men.In DM group,there was no difference in the prevalence of high TG between two sexes.The prevalence of women with high TC was significantly higher than that of men in each group.Conclusion:The pattern of dyslipidemia among Chongqing populations is characterized by high TG,TC and LDL-c levels.Women,compared with men,show greater prevalence of high TC.

AIM: To explore whether human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) could enhance the sensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells from relapse patients to cisplatin. METHODS: The expression levels of hTERT protein were detected by immunofluorescence using fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC), the number of viable cells was determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion assay, and apoptosis was detected by morphological observation and flow cytometric cell cycle analysis. RESULTS: The expression of hTERT protein was inhibited after treatment with hTERT ASODN. Treatment with cisplatin combined with hTERT ASODN had significantly reduced the number of viable acute lymphoblastic leukemic (ALL) cells (P<0.05). In morphological observation of apoptotic cells using Hoechst33258 and PI double staining techniques, cells displayed classic apoptotic changes in the presence of cisplatin or cisplatin combined with hTERT ASODN or ASODN at 48 h. Apoptotic rates of cells treated with cisplatin and ASODN were higher than that of cells treated with cisplatin alone (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: hTERT ASODN could increase sensitivity of cultured primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells from relapse patients to cisplatin.

A Review] The oncogene expression and growth of leukemic cells could be inhibited by antisense oligonucleotide. The selection of target genes is the key step in the research of antisense oligonucleotide on leukemia. The article would review the status and prospect of some target genes of leukemia in the investigation of antisense oligonucleotide.

AIM: To investigate whether antisense oligodeoxynucleotides of hTERT?bcl-2 and c-myc could enhance the sensitivity of leukemia cell K562 to cisplatin. METHODS: The inhibiting effects of cisplatin and cisplatin plus antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on K562 cells were determined by MTT. RESULTS: The inhibiting rate of 20 ?mol/L cisplatin to K562 cell is 17.17%?1.36% and it becomes 25.41%?1.77% ,26.18%?1.43% and 28.29%?1、05%, respectively, as combinated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of hTERT?bcl-2 or c-myc. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that antisense oligodeoxynucleotides of hTERT?bcl-2 and c-myc enhanced efficacy of cisplatin in K562 leukemic cells.

AIM: To observe the effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) on the telomerase activity in Jurkat cells and its mechanism. METHODS: The telomerase activity was detected by TRAP. hTERT protein and mRNA expressions were detected by flowcytometry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: The absorbency of the cells ( A values) was used to represent the telomerase activity. At 48 h and 72 h, the A values of the Jurkat cells treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of hTERT decreased to 0.351?0.051 and 0.238?0.024, respectively, compared to the A value of 0.492?0.051 in the control cells without treatment ( P

Musk ketone(3-methyl cyclopentadecanolide) is the main active ingredient of the artificial musk,it has multiple pharmacological effects,including anti-dementia,cerebral ischemia,anti-inflammatory effects and so on.This article outlines the main pharmacological effects of musk ketone on brain diseases in the recent years, aim to further research, investigation and utilization deeply of it.

Aim To investigate the effect on antagonism of benthiactzine and atropine against the function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Methods The whole cell recording configuration of patch-clamp technique was used and the cell model was rat SCG neurons. To identify antagonists' antimuscarinic effect, mAchRs mediated IM-inhibition was measured and nicotine and oxotremorine were used. Results After de sensitization of nAChRs,the antimuscarinic effect ofboth benthiactzine and atropine decreased compared to the normal condition. The decreased antimuscarinic effect of benthiactzine was weaker than that of atro-pine. The antimuscarinic effect of both benthiactzine and atropine recovered gradually with the recovery of nAChRs from desensitization. Conclusion Desensiti-zation of nAChRs weakens the antagonists' antimuscarinic effect.

Objective To explore the feasibility of clinical application of biodegradable polymer-coated drug-eluting stent. Methods Thirty each of the drug-eluting stent or bare-metal stents were implanted randomly into the anterior descending arteries, circumflex and right canine coronary arteries of thirty healthy pigs. The pathological examination was taken at 2 weeks to 6 months after coronary angiography to investigate the inflammation, thrombosis and endothelialization. Results Macroscopic observation of the stented arteries demonstrated complete incorporation of stent wires into the arterial wall and smooth vessel lumens. There were no significant differences existing between two kinds of the stents in terms of thrombosis, inflammation and endothelialization. The lumen loss in the biodegradable polymer-coated drug-eluting stent group is less than that in the bare-metal stent group. Conclusion The biodegradable polymer-coated drug-eluting stent is promising with good biocom-patibility, blood compatibility and phyaicochemical stability after being implanted into pig coronary arteries. The blood vessel transplanted with the drug-eluting stents maintains a high patency rate due to rapid endothelialization.