Objective To compare the effectiveness of two kinds of defluorinating agents (bone char and modified clay) for removal of fluoride in drinking water,and to analyze their application feasibility in small towns.Methods Influencing factors on defluorinating efficiencies of the two kinds of defluorinating agents under the same conditions were studied,namely the effects of adsorption time,temperature,pH,common anions and cations,and solid-liquid ratio on defluorinating efficiencies were studied.The defluorinating efficiencies of the two kinds of defluorinating agents were validated by original groundwater in Jilin Province.The homemade bone char defluorinating agent and modified clay defluorinating agent were regenerated by NaOH and Al2(SO4)3,respectively,and their regeneration abilities were investigated.Results The adsorption data of the two kinds of defluorinating agents were fitted Langmuir model well,and the maximum adsorption capacities were 10.225 g/kg(bone char) and 0.587 g/kg(modified clay).The effect of temperature on defluorinating efficiencies was limited,with increasing temperature(10-35 ℃),the adsorption capacity of bone char and modified clay for fluoride ranged from 1.568 g/kg to 1.598 g/kg and 0.423 g/kg to 0.470 g/kg,respectively.Fluoride could be easily removed under low pH conditions,with increasing of pH(4-10),the adsorption capacity of bone char and modified clay for fluoride decreased from 1.598 g/kg to 1.523 g/kg and 0.724 g/kg to 0.320 g/kg,respectively.The defluorinating efficiencies were improved by common cations(Ca2+) in groundwater,and the adsorption capacity of bone char and modified clay for fluoride increased to 1.713 g/kg and 0.485 g/kg,respectively.Whereas,the defluorinating efficiencies were inhibited by common anions(HCO3-,SO42-) at a certain degree,and the adsorption capacities of bone char and modified clay for fluoride were decreased to 1.158 g/kg(HCO3-) and 0.237 g/kg(SO42),respectively.Defluoridation bone char could be regenerated by soaking in NaOH,and modified clay by immersion in Al2(SO4)3.The adsorption capacities of the two defluorinating agents that had been regenerated for three times still reached 94.6％ and 97.3％ of their original capacities.Conclusions Both of the homemade bone char defluorinating agent and modified clay defluorinating agent have good defluorinating efficiencies and can be regenerated for many times,which are perfectly suitable for application in small towns since they are simple and can be easily applied.The homemade bone char defluorinating agent is suitable for family drinking water and the homemade modified clay defluorinating agent would be more suitable for centralized drinking water.

AIM:To explore the depression-like behavior and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels of amygdala in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rats and to study the effect of exogenous H2S on PTSD rats.METHODS:Single prolonged stress paradigm was adopted to prepare PTSD animal model.Forced swimming test and sucrose preference test were used to evaluate the depression-like behavior.The content of CBS/H2S in amygdala tissue was measured by Western blot and methylene blue method.In vivo extracellular single unit recordings was used to examine the frequency of spontaneous discharges of amygdala neurons.RESULTS:The immobility time in forced swimming test of PTSD group increased and sucrose preference in sucrose preference test of PTSD group decreased compare with normal group (P<0.01).CBS/H2S level in amygdala tissue of PTSD group decreased compared with normal group (P<0.01).The immobility time of the rats in forced swimming test of NaHS+PTSD group decreased and the sucrose prefe-rence in sucrose preference test of NaHS+PTSD group increased compare with PTSD group (P<0.01).L-cysteine increased the frequency of spontaneous discharges of amygdala neurons (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Depression-like behavior is aggravated in PTSD model rats owing to the inhibition of CBS/H2S content in amygdala tissue.The mechanism of behavior-improving effect of H2S on PTSD model rats is possibly related to excitating amygdala neurons and increasing the frequency of spontaneous discharges.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tafamidis functions to delay the loss of function in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP), which is a rare inherited amyloidosis with progressive sensorimotor and autonomic polyneuropathy. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of tafamidis in TTR-FAP patients, with the aim of improving the evidence-based medical evidence of this treatment option for TTP-FAP. METHODS: A systematic search of the English-language literature in five databases was performed through to May 31, 2018 by two reviewers who independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We extracted efficacy and safety outcomes and performed a meta-analysis. Statistical tests were performed to check for heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS: The meta-analysis identified six relevant studies. The tafamidis group showed smaller changes from baseline in the Neuropathy Impairment Score–Lower Limbs [mean difference (MD)=−3.01, 95% confidence interval (CI)=−3.26 to −2.75, p < 0.001] and the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy total quality of life score (MD=−6.67, 95% CI=−9.70 to −3.64, p < 0.001), and a higher modified body mass index (MD=72.45, 95% CI=69.41 to 75.49, p < 0.001), with no significant difference in total adverse events [odds ratio (OR)=0.69, 95% CI=0.35 to 1.35, p=0.27]. The incidence of adverse events did not differ between tafamidis and placebo treatment except for fatigue (OR=0.13, 95% CI=0.02 to 0.72, p=0.02) and hypesthesia (OR=0.16, 95% CI=0.03 to 0.92, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis has demonstrated that tafamidis delays neurologic progression and preserves a better nutritional status and the quality of life. The rates of adverse events did not differ between the patients in the tafamidis and placebo groups. Tafamidis might be a safer noninvasive option for patients with TTR-FAP.
Amyloid Neuropathies ; Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial* ; Amyloidosis ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Body Mass Index ; Extremities ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Incidence ; Nutritional Status ; Polyneuropathies ; Population Characteristics ; Prealbumin* ; Publication Bias ; Quality of Life

Temporins are a kind of small,hydrophobic and C-terminus amidated antimicrobial peptides from Rana species.They are effective against bacteria,fungi,yeast,protozoa and viruses.Two novel temporins named as temporin-La(LLRHWKILEKYLanifc) and temporin-Lb(LFRHVVKIFEK.Ylamid.) were cloned from Lithobates catesbeianus.Synthetic peptides of temporin-La and temporin-Lb showed strong antimicrobial activities against bacteria tested,especially Gram-positive bacteria.Besides,temporin-La showed no haemolytic activity to rabbit erythrocytes at the concentration of 250 mg/L while temporin-Lb showed weak haemolytic activity(LC50≈ 230 μmol/L).Transmission electron microscopy showed that temporin-La and temporin-Lb induced different effects on bacterial structure of Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive training for mimetic muscle on idiopathic facial paralysis. Methods 105 patients with idiopathic facial paralysis were divided into control group (n=53) and treatment group (n=52). All the patients received the routine treatment, including drugs, physical therapy, acupuncture and psychological support, while the treatment group was treated with intensive training for mimetic muscle in addition. Results 1 month after treatment, the muscle strength improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01). The incidence of cure was 65.38% in the treatment group, more than 39.62% in the control group (P<0.01), as well the the total improvement of 96.15% and 83.02% respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion The intensive training for mimetic muscle can improve recovery of facial paralysis.

Trench foot was first seen in World War Ⅰ and was one of the reasons for non combat attrition. We reviewed and analyzed 15 cases of trench foot admitted from 2010 to 2021, summarized clinical treatment methods and experiences, analyzed the causes, population characteristics, treatment methods, and treatment experiences of trench foot during peacetime, strengthened attention to high-risk groups, and improved the success rate of clinical treatment.

Trench foot was first seen in World War Ⅰ and was one of the reasons for non combat attrition. We reviewed and analyzed 15 cases of trench foot admitted from 2010 to 2021, summarized clinical treatment methods and experiences, analyzed the causes, population characteristics, treatment methods, and treatment experiences of trench foot during peacetime, strengthened attention to high-risk groups, and improved the success rate of clinical treatment.

Lipid turbidity disease is a metabolic disease featuring lipid metabolism disorders caused by many factors such as social environment， diet， and lifestyle， which is closely related to many diseases in modern medicine， such as hyperlipidemia， obesity， fatty liver， atherosclerosis， metabolic syndrome， and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， with a wide range of influence and far-reaching harm. According to the Huangdi Neijing， lipid turbidity disease reflects the pathological change of the body's physiologic grease. Grease is the thick part of body fluids， which has the function of nourishing， and it is the initial state and source of important substances in the human body such as brain， marrow， essence， and blood. Once the grease of the human body is abnormal， it can lead to lipid turbidity disease. The Huangdi Neijing also points out the physiological relationship between the transportation and transformation of body fluids and the rise and fall of the spleen and stomach， which can deduce the pathological relationship between the occurrence of lipid turbidity disease and the abnormal rise and fall of the spleen and stomach functions. Lipid turbidity disease is caused by overconsumption of fatty and sweet foods or insufficient spleen and stomach endowments， leading to disorders of the function of promoting clear and reducing turbidity in the spleen and stomach. This leads to the transformation of thick grease in body fluids into lipid turbidity， which accumulates in the body's meridians， blood vessels， skin pores， and organs， forming various forms of metabolic diseases. The research team believed that the pathological basis of lipid turbidity disease was the abnormal rise and fall of the spleen and stomach and the obstruction of the transfer of grease. According to the different locations where lipid turbidity stays， it was divided into four common pathogenesis types： ''inability to distinguish between the clear and turbid， turbid stagnation in the Ying blood''， ''spleen not rising clear， turbid accumulation in the vessels''， ''spleen dysfunction， lipid retention in the pores''， ''spleen failure to transportation and transformation， and grease accumulation in the liver''. According to the pathogenesis， it could be divided into four common syndromes， namely， turbid stagnation in the Ying blood， turbid accumulation in the vessels， lipid retention in the pores， and grease accumulation in the liver， and the corresponding prescriptions were given for syndrome differentiation and treatment， so as to guide clinical differentiation and treatment of the lipid turbidity disease.

A number of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are currently under clinical investigation,including the sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2(SGLT2)inhibitor rongliflozin,the SGLT1/2 inhibitor LIK066,the di-peptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitor DBPR108,the glucagon-likepeptide-1 receptor(GLP-1R)ago-nist CJC-1134-PC,the G-protein-coupled receptor 40(GRP40)agonist SCO-267 and the Glucokinase(GK)agonist PB201.This article briefly reviews the clinical research progress of drugs targeting the above targets in the field of T2DM treatment,in or-der to provide reference for the treatment of T2DM patients.

Traditional Chinese medicine monomer has certain curative effects in tumor treatment,but its low targeting and difficulty in gathering at the tumor site limit its application.As a new type of drug delivery method,environmentally responsive nano drug delivery system has the advantages of targeted drug delivery,reducing drug side effects,and environmentally responsive release,and has been widely used in tumor treatment.In this paper,by consulting and sorting out the relevant literature,the general situation of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of tumors,the classification of environment-responsive traditional Chinese medicine monomer nano drug delivery system,and its application in tumor treatment are summarized in three aspects,to provide ideas for solving the limitations of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in the treatment of tumor.