65 years and 55~65 years respectively,whereas the frequency of IFG in each age group was close,which was more than IGT in the age group of 25~34 years only.The differences of many clinical indexs among 3 groups were significant.The change tendecny of indexs in IFG/IGT group was more obvious.Conclusion The onset characteristics of age and sex are significantly different between IFG and IGT groups,and the latter is more strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors than the former.Undoubtedly,IFG/IGT group has the highest cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective To study the inhibition effects of various gastrin-shNAs on gastrin expression in gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. Methods Four nucleotide sequences of shRNA were designed corresponding to various sites of gastrin gene.Four shRNAs were synthesized by in vitro transcription and transfected into gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 at the final concentration of 10nmol/L,20nmol/L,40nmol/L and 80nmol/L respectively.In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry techniques were applied to investigate the inhibition of gastrin expression and screen the most effective shRNA.The inhibitory effect on gastrin mRNA of screened shRNA was further identified by RT-PCR.MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect of 4 shRNAs at various final concentrations on the growth of BGC-823 cells. Results The gastrin mRNA and protein exression were suppressed distinctly 24,48,and 72hours after transfection,and exhibited time-and concentration-dependent tendency.The highest suppression efficiency on both mRNA(54.27?0.042)% and protein(41.69?0.038)% level occurred 72 hours later in the cells transfected with shRNAs.The RT-PCR result showed that the inhibitory ratio of shRNA3 on gastrin mRNA of BGC-823 was 48.1%.MTT displayed a proliferative inhibition of the BGC-823 cells after transfection of shRNAs with a concentration-denpendent tendency except the shRNA4 treated cells.Conclusion Four gastrin-shRNAs showed a significant inhibition effect on gastrin expression of gastric cancer cell BGC-823 on mRNA and protein level.shRNAs might be the most effective gastrin-shRNA.Inhibited gastrin expression by shRNAs resulted in a significant decrease of proliferative ability of BGC-823 cells.

Objective To establish an animal model of PCOS and to detect the DNA methylation states of LHR,INSR and AR genes. Methods 24-days-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the experimental group were given subcutaneous implanting of levonorgestrel silica gel staff and injected 1.5 IU hCG twice daily for 9 days from the 4th day. The rats in the control group were injected with normal saline at the same time. Ovarian morphologic changes,sex hormone levels,fasting serum insulin and glucose were detected. The LHR,INSR and AR genes' DNA methylation patterns were checked by methylation specific PCR in modeling group and control group.Results The ovarian weight and volume in modeling group were higher than those in control group. The ovaries in modeling group showed multiple follicular cysts,and the number of theca cells and interstitial cells increased. Less developed follicles and corpus lutea were seem. The serum level of progesterone,testosterone,luteinizing hormone,fasting insulin and glucose were significantly higher in experimental group than those in control group,so as the LH/FSH ratio and HOMA index. No methylation of LHR and AR genes were found in both groups. The methylation frequency of INSR gene (76.7%) was significantly higher in modelinggroup than that in control group (P

Objective To establish an animal model of PCOS and to detect the DNA methylation states of LHR, INSR and AR genes. Methods 24-days-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the experimental group were given subcutaneous implanting of levonorgestrel silica gel staff and injected 1.5 IU hCG twice daily for 9 days from the 4th day. The rats in the control group were injected with normal saline at the same time. Ovarian morphologic changes, sex hormone levels, fasting serum insulin and glucose were detected. The LHR, INSR and AR genes' DNA methylation patterns were checked by methylation specific PCR in modeling group and control group. Results The ovarian weight and volume in modeling group were higher than those in control group. The ovaries in modeling group showed multiple follicular cysts, and the number of theca cells and interstitial cells increased. Less developed follicles and corpus lutea were seem. The serum level of progesterone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, fasting insulin and glucose were significantly higher in experimental group than those in control group, so as the LH/FSH ratio and HOMA index. No methylation of LHR and AR genes were found in both groups. The methylation frequency of INSR gene (76.7%) was significantly higher in modeling group than that in control group (P<0. 001). Conclusion The depression of INSR gene's transcriptional induced by DNA methylation is important in the development of insulin resistance in PCOS.

Objective To clarify which component plays a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome (MS) which is associated with an elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 15564 participants (aged≥25 years old) with high risk for type 2 diabetes in the 1994 National Diabetes Mellitus Surveywere included in this analysis. MS was diagnosed according to the 1999 WHO criteria, and insulin resistance (IR) was defined as being above the 75th percentile of HOMA-IR of the population aged 25-74 years with normal glucose tolerance. Multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the contribution of each component to MS. Results The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of MS in this population was 64.35% and 59.00%, respectively. Age, sex, systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), waist to hip ratio (WHR)/waist circumference and body mass index(BMI), but not IR, plasma glucose level, and plasma triglyceride level, were independently associated with MS, with predicted concordance of 93.8%. The combination of WHR, BMI, SBP, and DBP accounted for 90.2% of the variance of MS, and if BMI was deleted, the remaining three items accounted for 86.1% of the variance. An increment of 0.05 in WHR, or 5 cm in waist circumference, or 10 mm Hg in SBP, or 5 mm Hg in DBP, or 5 kg/m 2in BMI would elevate the risk for MS by 3.35 times, 1.87 times, 1.52 times, 1.46 times, or 1.34 times, respectively. Conclusion The combination of WHR/waist circumference and blood pressure can be used as a simplepredictor for MS in clinical practice.

BACKGROUNDThe effectiveness and safety of initiating biphasic insulin aspart 30 in patients who were poorly controlled on oral glucose-lowering drugs were studied in randomized controlled trials, while results from clinical practice remain limited. This subgroup analysis was to provide such findings from a large-scale non-interventional study.

METHODSA1chieve was a multinational, prospective, open-label, non-interventional, 24-week study in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin analogues in 28 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America. After physician had taken the decision to use this insulin, any patient with type 2 diabetes who was not treated with or who had started the study insulin within 4 weeks before inclusion was eligible. Patients were treated with study insulin alone or in combination with oral glucose-lowering drugs. Data on adverse drug reactions, hypoglycemia and glycemic control were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. This is a report of a Chinese subgroup analysis from the A1chieve study.

RESULTSTotally, 4 100 patients constituted this subgroup. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported. Rates of total, major, nocturnal hypoglycemic events (events/patient per year) were 1.47, 0.10, 0.31 at baseline and 1.35, 0.00, 0.22 at week 24, respectively. Glycemic control was improved as measured by hemoglobin A1c (mean 9.3% to 7.0%, reduction -2.3%), fasting plasma glucose (mean 10.2 to 6.8 mmol/L, reduction -3.5 mmol/L) and postprandial plasma glucose (mean 14.4 to 8.8 mmol/L, reduction -5.6 mmol/L), all P < 0.001. Change in mean body weight was +0.3 kg (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONIn this subgroup analysis of the A1chieve study, biphasic insulin aspart 30 improved glycemic control with low risk of hypoglycemia.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Biphasic Insulins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Insulin Aspart ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Insulin, Isophane ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies