Objective:To optimize the formula of nifedipine nanoemulsion (NFNE) to lay foundation for the development of nifedipine transdermal preparation.Methods:The content of nifedipine as the index,the compositions in the formula were screened out by single factor experiments,and then the formula of NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the ratio of emulsifier to co-emulsifier,ratio of mixed emulsifiers to oil phase and the amount of water as the influencing factors.N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) was used as the transdermal enhancer.The formula of TMC-NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the degree of quaternization of TMC,the concentration of TMC solution and the amount of TMC solution as the influencing factors.The quality evaluation of TMC-NFME was determined including appearance,type identification,particle size and drug content.Results:The optimal formula was as follows:7% ethyl oleate,32% Tween 80,16% alcohol,45%water and the mass ratio of TMC of 0.45%.The type of the emulsion was O/W.The content of NFNE,TMC20-NFNE,TMC40-NFNE and TMC60-NFNE was (12.76±0.22),(14.76±0.16),(12.26±0.18) and (12.92±0.27) mg·ml-1,respectively.The particle size was 13.62,17.10,16.26 and 17.25 nm,respectively.The morphology of the nanoemulsion was spherical.Conclusion:The optimal formula and preparation process of TMC-NFNE are simple with high drug content,which is worthy of further studies.

Objective To analyze and approach the optimizing of ELISA assay for HBV serum markers.Methods To compare the critical value rate of flushing with distilled water,flushing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything.Results The HBsAg critical value rates of flushing with distilled water,flushing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything were 0.52%,2.60% and 5.56%.The HBsAb critical value rates of flushing with distilled water,flushing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything were 5.52%,8.02% and 14.86%.The HBeAg critical value rate of flushing with distilled water,flush-ing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything were 2.82%,2.92%and 3.55%.Conclusion Flushing with distilled wa-ter or flushing with cleaning tap water can reduce the high critical value rate because of enzyme or developer pollution.Flushing with distilled water exhibits more efficacy than flushing with cleaning tap water.

The PICC application in tumor chemotherapy patients has the advantages of simple operation, long time of implanting catheter, small pain and protect vein. They can ensure the chemotherapy smoothly, and further promotion in the clinical application, but when the patients took the tube back, the complications increased significantly. Health education is the mail channel for patient and family to get the major way to maintain PICC knowledge and skills. Through literature review of PICC health education at home and abroad, in our country, according to the present situation of PICC health education, the health education model, method and effect evaluation were summarized and looked for the problems in the present education of PICC health education. It can provide a basis for exploring new pattern of health education for improving the sevice life of the catheter and the patients’ life quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of systematic training on the enhancement of knowledge and behavior on tumor-free technology among newly-employed nurses in operation room.Methods Fifteen nurses newly-employed for the operating room of the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College were trained with theory teaching,techniques training and nursing rounds. The test on non-tumor knowledge and questionnaire on beliefs and behaviors were used to assess the post-training effects.Result The scores on tumor-free knowledge,beliefs and tumor-free behaviors were all significantly improved compared with pre-training (P<0.01). Conclusion Systematic training of tumor-free technology may improve the mastery of tumor-free knowledge and skills and thus form a good tumor-free concept so that they can keep tumor-free techonology in practice.

Objective To find the chemical elements whose contents are abnormal in the soil of the high prevalence areas of birth defects in Shanxi Province. Methods 131 soil samples were collected from the high and low prevalence areas of birth defects respectively in 2005, the contents of 16 elements were determined with inductively coupled plasma (ICP)machine. The data were analyzed with regression and nonparametric tests. Results The total content of elements in the soil of the high prevalence areas was significantly higher than that of the low prevalence area. Compared with the low prevalence area, in a high prevalence area, the content of Mo, As, Pb, Ni, V and Se in soil was abnormal, Mo, As, Ni and Pb showed a significant relationship to the prevalence rate of birth defects, in another high prevalence area, the content of Sn, Se, Mo, Zn, Sr, Pb, Ni, Fe, V, Ca, Cu, Al, Mg and Na was abnormal, Pb, Mg, Ca, Al and Zn showed a significant relationship to the prevalence rate of birth defects. Conclusion Maybe the abnormal content of Mo, As, Ni, Pb, Mg, Ca, Al and Zn in the soil is one of the risk factors for birth defects.

To study the effect of compressible limb sleeve system on tumefaction of limbs and recurrence of thrombus in patients underwent venous thrombectomy of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Sixty-two patients underwent venous thrombectomy of DVT between September 2004 and July 2005 were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, and then were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. Patients in the control group were given usual care after the surgery, while patients in the experimental group were treated by compressible limb sleeve system based on usual care (once a day and 30 minutes each time. 14 days were taken as one course, and there were totally 2 courses). The circumference, recurrence rate of thrombus and warmth sensation of affected limb were observed before and after the treatment in both groups. Detection at 28 days after the treatment showed that the circumference of patients in the experimental group decreased, and the score of warmth sensation decreased. There were significant differences in comparison with those in the control group before the treatment (P

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of monosialo gangliosides-1 (GM-1) and Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) on neonatal hyposemic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods62 cases of HIE were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, and both groups received conventional therapy. Injection of RSM and GM-1 were added into the treatment group in 7～10 days therapy. ResultsHigh curative effect, average curative effect and total curative effect in the treatment group of 31 cases were 80.6%, 16.1% and 96.8%, while that in control group of 31 cases were 32.3%, 51.6% and 83.9% respectively. There was significant difference in the high curative effect and total effect between the two groups (P<0.05). ConclusionThe treatment combined with RSM and GM-1 can enhance the curative effect on HIE without any side effect.

Objective To investigate the serum and urine levels of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin(NGAL) in patients with primary hypertension and related clinical significance .Methods A total of 107 patients with primary hypertension and 100 healthy subjects were enrolled ,and detected for serum and urine levels of NGAL and urinary micro‐albumin .Results Serum and u‐rine levels of NGAL in hypertension patients were (1 .98 ± 1 .49) and (1 .29 ± 0 .54)μg/L ,higher than the (0 .69 ± 1 .02) and (0 .55 ± 0 .35)μg/L in healthy subjects(P< 0 .05) .Urinary micro‐albumin level in hypertension patients was also higher than healthy subjects (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Serum and urine levels of NGAL in patients with primary hypertension could be signifi‐cantly increased ,which might be with important clinical significance in diagnosis ,treatment and prognosis of hypertensive nephropa‐thy .

In view of risk characteristics of surgical site infection,the risk factors of the infection were graded and classified while the risk indicators system and risk assessment matrix for surgical site infection were built,based on literature analysis,integrated use of documents analysis,Delphi method and risk quantification matrix.The study indicated that surgical skills of the surgeon and surgical time length are the most important risk factors,followed by insufficient maintenance of the operating room environment and poor baseline assessment of the patient.Risk control of surgical site infection needs to focus on these key factors,optimize utilization of resources and improve the prevention and control ability of surgical site infection.

In this paper, the fluorogenic property of vindoline was exploited and, as a probe, used to analyze the interaction of vindoline with HSA by fluorescence and absorption spectra in combination with molecular modeling under a simulated physiological conditions. The evidences from synchronous fluorescence and absorption spectroscopes showed the effect of vindoline on the microenvironment around HSA in aqueous solution. Data obtained by the fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that binding of vindoline with HSA leads to dramatic enhancement of the fluorescence emission intensity. The binding constants and the number of binding sites between vindoline and HSA at different temperatures (303, 310 and 317 K) were calculated according to the data obtained from fluorescence titration. Molecular docking was performed to reveal the possible binding mode or mechanism and suggested that vindoline can bind strongly to HSA. It is considered that vindoline binds to HSA mainly by a hydrophobic interaction and there are four hydrogen bonds interactions between the drug and the residues Ala291, Arg222, Arg218 and Lys195, separately. Fluorescent displacement measurements confirmed that vindoline bind HSA on site II. The thermodynamic parameters obtained (the enthalpy change deltaH0 and the entropy change deltaS0 were calculated to be -10.30 kJ x mol(-1) and 79.98 J x mol(-1) x K(-1), respectively, according to the Van't Hoff equation) suggested that hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction is the predominant intermolecular forces stabilizing the complex.