Autophagy , an evolutionarily conserved catabolic pathway , has the potential to influence the interfaces between cancer cells and the immune system and plays a dual role on regulation of cancer cells .Interferons, known for its effects on antiviral , do not only exert a suppressive influence on cancer cells .In this respect , there may be certain relationships between autophagy and in-terferons , and they may control the tumor microenviroment through interacting with each other .This review will present relationships between autophagy or interferons and tumor immunity microenviroment , and provides clues for anti tumor immunotherapy .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quality of Isatis indigotica of different growing periods.METHODS:The property and the microscopic characteristics of Isatis indigotica of 1 or 2 growing years were identified and the contents of adenosine,indigo and indirubin were determined by HPLC. RESULTS:Isatis indigotca of 1 growing year showed wide liber and sparsely arranged parenchyma cells while Isatis indigotca of 2 growing years showed narrow liber and tightly arranged parenchyma cells. Without timely open-air drying or proper storage after harvesting,the Isatis indigotca was likely to experience color change of darkening in cross-section,increase of the content of the indigo,and decrease of the contents of adenosine and indirubin. The Isatis indigotica of too short growing period or two growing years were low in contents of adenosine,indigo and indirubin. CONCLUSION:The planting of Isatis indigotica should be standardized and which should be given a quality control to avoid the great quality difference arose from differences of habitat,planting and harvesting,initial processing and storing method,etc.

Purpose:To study the clinical significance and hematologic features of CD56 + Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML). Methods:The expression of differentiation antigens on the acute myeloid leukemia cells were detected by flow cytometry(FCM);the Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) mRNA in CD56 + AML leukemic cells by Rt-PCR assay;the ultrastructure of the CD56 + AML leukemia cells were showed by electron microscope and immuno-electron-microscope. The hematologic features and clinical characteristics at the first visit retrospectively analysed as well as the effect of chemotherapy.Results:CD56 expression rate in AML was 30.62%(79/258).EBV-mRNA were negative in all CD56 + AML cells detected.The ultrastructural characteristics showed 1-2 masses floccose objects in nucleus of CD56 + AML leukemic cells,CD56 expression had no correlation with age,sex,WBC,Hb,BPC,Leukemic cell count in BM,CR rate and CR duration(P value is 0.128,0.877,0.181,0.866,0.629,0.407,0.998 and 0.096,respectively),but there was correlation with higher extramedullary involvement(77.78% v 61.11%,P=0.019)?higher expression of CD34 (66.67% v 46.48%,P=0.03),higher expression of P170(51.79% v 34.94%,P=0.048) and shorter survival(Median,11.5 months v 18 months,P=0.0478). Conclusions:AML was a specific subtype of AML,with a poor prognosis.It may be useful to have more detailed classification with appropriate therapy for this subtype.

28.5 ?mol/L) and liver function. Results Among 1275 women, 102 were diagnosed with ICP giving an incidence of 8.0%. The incidence was significantly higher during 33 to 36 weeks (18.80%, P

This study was aimed to detect the heavy metal residues of medicinal leeches, in order to understand the current market circulation situation of medicinal leeches, and to analyze possible factors which may cause heavy metal pollution, and to provide references for the standardized safe cultivation of medicinal leeches. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique was applied to detect heavy metal residues in medicinal leeches. The results showed that medicinal leech samples tested for heavy metal content severely exceeded the standard, which caused a great threat to the safety of medication. It was conclude that more attentions should be paid on factors for causing heavy metal accumulation within medicinal leeches during the breeding process. The related department should also list safety limits explicitly and separately for animal drugs such as medicinal leech during the development of quality standards of Chinese materia medica.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the trend of cooper enrichment in hirudinidae influenced by culture environment. MET-HODS:The soil containing low-content,medium-content and high-content of cooper groups(30.00,60.00,90.00 μg/g)and water culture control group were set up. Hirudinidae leech were culture for 60 d,and sampled every 15 days. ICP-MS techniques was used to determined and compared the contents of cooper in W. pigra and soil. RESULTS:In first 15 days,the contents of cooper in leech from 4 groups increased greatly,compared with before;in the following 15 days,the content of cooper kept stable in high-content group while decreased in other 3 groups;in the 30-45 day,the contents of cooper increased rapidly in 4 groups,and those of low-content group and high-content group reached the peak in this experiment;in the last 15 days,the contents of cooper in control group and high-content group increased continuously,while those of low-content and medium-content groups decreased to some extent. Compared with before,the contents of cooper in leech from control group,low-content,medium-content and high-content groups increased by 292%,186%,293%,464% respectively;those of soil from latter 3 groups increased by 81.12%,35.98% and 21.28% respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The content of cooper in leech increase with time,and is positively correlated with the content of cooper in soil. It is suggested to control the content of cooper in hirudinidae through controlling cul-ture environment when hirudinidae are cultured as medicinal material,in order to meet the quality standard of heavy metal in medic-inal material.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standards for Fufang ningshen granule. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Radix angelicae and White paenoy;HPLC was adopted for the contents determination of spinosin and verbascoside:the column was Kromasil C18 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid(16∶84,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 330 nm,column temerpature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The TLC spots of R. angelicae and W. pae-noy were clear with good separation,negative control without interference. The linear range was 0.055 44-0.277 2μg for spinosin(r=0.999 4)and 0.055 98-0.279 9 μg for verbascoside(r=0.999 5);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;recoveries were 95.62%-100.53%(RSD=1.77%,n=9) and 95.63%-102.57%(RSD=2.74%,n=9). CONCLU-SIONS:The standard can be used for the quality control of Fufang ningshen granule.

Objective: To explore network relationships among depression, Internet addiction and campus bullying among adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of adolescents psychological status and risky behaviors. Methods: In September 2020, a stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 5 000 middle school students for investigation. A structural equation model was used to analyze depression, Internet addiction and bullying and their related influencing factors in order to clarify the pathway and magnitude of effects. Results: Depression had a positive effect on Internet addiction with adolescents( β=0.35, P <0.01), school bullying had a positive effect on depression and Internet addiction with adolescents( β=0.23, 0.05, P <0.01). Adolescent depression was found to play a partial mediating role with respect to the influence of sleep duration on Internet addiction, and the indirect effect was -0.01, accounting for 63.6% of the total effect. Depression played a partial mediating role regarding the influence of the frequency of moderate and high intensity exercise on Internet addiction in adolescents; the indirect effect was -0.01, accounting for 21.8% of the total effect. Conclusion Considering the interaction among adolescent depression, Internet addiction, and school bullying, it s important to include associated factors when developing effective prevention and intervention strategies, which can thus promote the physical and mental health of students, and provide scientific and effective protection.

Objective To study the expression of WWOX and C-JUN in keloid and to approach their role and mechanism in the pathogenesis of keloid.Methods Immunohistochemical SP methods were used with computer pathological image analysis.Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-RCR) were performed to detect the expression of WWOX and C-JUN in keloid and normal skin with statistical analysis.Results In keloid,the expression of WWOX protein was located in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts,and the expression of WWOX protein and its mRNA decreased,with significantly statistical difference (P＜0.05) compared to normal skin in the control group; the expression of C-JUN protein was located in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts,with increased expression of C-JUN protein and its mRNA,with significantly statistical difference (P＜0.05) in comparison to normal skin in the control group.The expression of both was negative correlation (r=-0.626,P＜0.01).Conclusions Both WWOX with low expression and C-JUN with high expression are keloid-related genes,having significantly negative correlation between them,which may be one of the mechanisms for the keloid formation.It indicates that the WWOX protein may be an inhibitory factor to the expression of C-JUN protein,and the genes may play a major role in the pathogenesis of keloiod through fibroblasts.

Phenolic acids of rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng were identified and the contents were determined. HPLC-MS and HPLC were used. Compared with the literature and standard reference, identification and content de-termination were given on phenolic acids of rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng in Wenshan, Yunnan province. The results showed that six types of phenolic acids were detected from the extract of rhizosphere soil of Panax notogin-seng, which were p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid. The content of p-coumaric acid showed the highest concentration of 24.01 μg·g-1, while syringic acid had the lowest concentration of 1.26 μg·g-1. The sequence of content in the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng from top to bot-tom was p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and syringic acid. It was concluded that the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng contained six types of phenolic acids, which were p-hy-droxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid.