Autophagy , an evolutionarily conserved catabolic pathway , has the potential to influence the interfaces between cancer cells and the immune system and plays a dual role on regulation of cancer cells .Interferons, known for its effects on antiviral , do not only exert a suppressive influence on cancer cells .In this respect , there may be certain relationships between autophagy and in-terferons , and they may control the tumor microenviroment through interacting with each other .This review will present relationships between autophagy or interferons and tumor immunity microenviroment , and provides clues for anti tumor immunotherapy .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quality of Isatis indigotica of different growing periods.METHODS:The property and the microscopic characteristics of Isatis indigotica of 1 or 2 growing years were identified and the contents of adenosine,indigo and indirubin were determined by HPLC. RESULTS:Isatis indigotca of 1 growing year showed wide liber and sparsely arranged parenchyma cells while Isatis indigotca of 2 growing years showed narrow liber and tightly arranged parenchyma cells. Without timely open-air drying or proper storage after harvesting,the Isatis indigotca was likely to experience color change of darkening in cross-section,increase of the content of the indigo,and decrease of the contents of adenosine and indirubin. The Isatis indigotica of too short growing period or two growing years were low in contents of adenosine,indigo and indirubin. CONCLUSION:The planting of Isatis indigotica should be standardized and which should be given a quality control to avoid the great quality difference arose from differences of habitat,planting and harvesting,initial processing and storing method,etc.

Purpose:To study the clinical significance and hematologic features of CD56 + Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML). Methods:The expression of differentiation antigens on the acute myeloid leukemia cells were detected by flow cytometry(FCM);the Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) mRNA in CD56 + AML leukemic cells by Rt-PCR assay;the ultrastructure of the CD56 + AML leukemia cells were showed by electron microscope and immuno-electron-microscope. The hematologic features and clinical characteristics at the first visit retrospectively analysed as well as the effect of chemotherapy.Results:CD56 expression rate in AML was 30.62%(79/258).EBV-mRNA were negative in all CD56 + AML cells detected.The ultrastructural characteristics showed 1-2 masses floccose objects in nucleus of CD56 + AML leukemic cells,CD56 expression had no correlation with age,sex,WBC,Hb,BPC,Leukemic cell count in BM,CR rate and CR duration(P value is 0.128,0.877,0.181,0.866,0.629,0.407,0.998 and 0.096,respectively),but there was correlation with higher extramedullary involvement(77.78% v 61.11%,P=0.019)?higher expression of CD34 (66.67% v 46.48%,P=0.03),higher expression of P170(51.79% v 34.94%,P=0.048) and shorter survival(Median,11.5 months v 18 months,P=0.0478). Conclusions:AML was a specific subtype of AML,with a poor prognosis.It may be useful to have more detailed classification with appropriate therapy for this subtype.

28.5 ?mol/L) and liver function. Results Among 1275 women, 102 were diagnosed with ICP giving an incidence of 8.0%. The incidence was significantly higher during 33 to 36 weeks (18.80%, P

This study was aimed to detect the heavy metal residues of medicinal leeches, in order to understand the current market circulation situation of medicinal leeches, and to analyze possible factors which may cause heavy metal pollution, and to provide references for the standardized safe cultivation of medicinal leeches. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique was applied to detect heavy metal residues in medicinal leeches. The results showed that medicinal leech samples tested for heavy metal content severely exceeded the standard, which caused a great threat to the safety of medication. It was conclude that more attentions should be paid on factors for causing heavy metal accumulation within medicinal leeches during the breeding process. The related department should also list safety limits explicitly and separately for animal drugs such as medicinal leech during the development of quality standards of Chinese materia medica.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standards for Fufang ningshen granule. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Radix angelicae and White paenoy;HPLC was adopted for the contents determination of spinosin and verbascoside:the column was Kromasil C18 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid(16∶84,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 330 nm,column temerpature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The TLC spots of R. angelicae and W. pae-noy were clear with good separation,negative control without interference. The linear range was 0.055 44-0.277 2μg for spinosin(r=0.999 4)and 0.055 98-0.279 9 μg for verbascoside(r=0.999 5);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;recoveries were 95.62%-100.53%(RSD=1.77%,n=9) and 95.63%-102.57%(RSD=2.74%,n=9). CONCLU-SIONS:The standard can be used for the quality control of Fufang ningshen granule.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the trend of cooper enrichment in hirudinidae influenced by culture environment. MET-HODS:The soil containing low-content,medium-content and high-content of cooper groups(30.00,60.00,90.00 μg/g)and water culture control group were set up. Hirudinidae leech were culture for 60 d,and sampled every 15 days. ICP-MS techniques was used to determined and compared the contents of cooper in W. pigra and soil. RESULTS:In first 15 days,the contents of cooper in leech from 4 groups increased greatly,compared with before;in the following 15 days,the content of cooper kept stable in high-content group while decreased in other 3 groups;in the 30-45 day,the contents of cooper increased rapidly in 4 groups,and those of low-content group and high-content group reached the peak in this experiment;in the last 15 days,the contents of cooper in control group and high-content group increased continuously,while those of low-content and medium-content groups decreased to some extent. Compared with before,the contents of cooper in leech from control group,low-content,medium-content and high-content groups increased by 292%,186%,293%,464% respectively;those of soil from latter 3 groups increased by 81.12%,35.98% and 21.28% respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The content of cooper in leech increase with time,and is positively correlated with the content of cooper in soil. It is suggested to control the content of cooper in hirudinidae through controlling cul-ture environment when hirudinidae are cultured as medicinal material,in order to meet the quality standard of heavy metal in medic-inal material.

Objective: To explore network relationships among depression, Internet addiction and campus bullying among adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of adolescents psychological status and risky behaviors. Methods: In September 2020, a stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 5 000 middle school students for investigation. A structural equation model was used to analyze depression, Internet addiction and bullying and their related influencing factors in order to clarify the pathway and magnitude of effects. Results: Depression had a positive effect on Internet addiction with adolescents( β=0.35, P <0.01), school bullying had a positive effect on depression and Internet addiction with adolescents( β=0.23, 0.05, P <0.01). Adolescent depression was found to play a partial mediating role with respect to the influence of sleep duration on Internet addiction, and the indirect effect was -0.01, accounting for 63.6% of the total effect. Depression played a partial mediating role regarding the influence of the frequency of moderate and high intensity exercise on Internet addiction in adolescents; the indirect effect was -0.01, accounting for 21.8% of the total effect. Conclusion Considering the interaction among adolescent depression, Internet addiction, and school bullying, it s important to include associated factors when developing effective prevention and intervention strategies, which can thus promote the physical and mental health of students, and provide scientific and effective protection.

Objective To study the relationship between circumferential resection margin status and prognosis of patients with middle and lower rectal cancer.Methods Specimens from 49 patients with middle and lower rectal cancer undergoing total mesorectal excision were studied by the large slice pathologic technique.The local recurrence,metastasis and five-year survival rate were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis.The related clinicopathologic factors were also analyzed.Results The cancer involvement rate of the circumferential resection margins was 24%(12/49).The overall local recurrence rate was 12%(6/49),the distant metastasis and recurrence rate was 27%(13/49),and the five-year survival rate was 67%(33/49).For the 12 patients in which the eircumferential resection margin was tumor positive.the local recurrence rate was 33%compared with 5%in those with negative circumferential resection margin(X2=6.577,P=0.010),distant recurrence was 50%compared with 19%in those with tumor negative margin(X2=4.491,P=0.034).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patient's survival time was statistically correlative with the circumferential resection margin status(log-rank.P=0.009).Five-year survival rate was 33%in patients with positive circumferential resection margin,compared with 78%in those with negative margins.Tumor diameter(X2=4.451,P=0.035),T staging (X2=20.283,P=0.000),N staging(X2=7.773,P=0.018),the distance away from the anocutaneous line(X2=6.502,P=0.04),tumor location(X2=4.421,P=0.035)and operation type(X2=5.754,P=0.016)were significantly correlated with the circumferential resection margin status of the middle and lower rectal cancer.Conclusions The circumferential resection margin status was an important predictor of local and distant recurrence as well as survival of patients with middle and lower rectal carcinoma.and the status is significantly correlated with tumor diameter,T staging,N staging,the distance away from the anocutaneous line,tumor location and operation type.

The methods of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy were used in detecting the metabolites of brodimoprim (BDP) in rat plasma. The endogenic compounds in the plasma were removed with solid phase extraction (SPE) column firstly, then the mixture of metabolites was identified with 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy (MS). Two metabolites of BDP in the plasma at 20h were detected, they were demethyl-brodimorpim glucuronide and brodimoprim sulfurate. The study proved that the method of SPE coupled with NMR and MS can be applied to the analysis of metbolites in plasma quickly and conveniently.