Objective To study the effect of Wulong granules on the expression of IL-2 mRNA,IL-4 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in allergic rhinitis(AR) rats in Spleen Qi deficiency type. To establish the clinic treatment principle-tonify Spleen and reinforce Qi of AR through the lab study. Methods Established AR model with combination of disease and Zheng,checked the expression of IL-2 mRNA,IL-4 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA of nasal mucosa were detected with RT-PCR. Results Wulong granules can adjust the expression of mRNA of AR rats' nasal mucosa. It can descend the ascensus of IL-4 mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and the drop of IL-2 mRNA. Conclusion Wulonggranules can show treatment effect to AR rats through adjusting the expression of cell factors such as IL-2 mRNA,IL-4 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA.

Objective: To study the influence of micrometastasis in lymph node on the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods: In 36 patients micrometastasis in pathologically negative lymph nodes were tested by immunohistochemical cytokeratin(CK) examination and the relationship between CK+ and survival time of the patients was analyzed. Results: The survival time(month) of CK+ and CK- patients was 36.76?6.91 and 47.47?11.35 respectively(P=0.002).Multivariate analysis of Logistic regression model showed that micrometastasis in lymph node (P=0.044)and histologic grade (P=0.040) were regarded as independently prognostic factors while clinical stage (P=0.236)did not. Conclusion: The detection of micrometastasis in the lymph nodes may serve as a supplement to the present staging system of OSCC. The prognosis of patients with micrometastasis is poorer than those without micrometastasis.

Objective: To study the expression of laminin (L N) and it’s receptor(LN-R)in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glan d.Methods: The expression of LN and LN-R in 34 cases of ACC was studied by immunohistochemical ultrasensitive S-P methods.Results:Positive expression of LN was observed in 15 of 19 cases with adeno-tubular ACC and in 3 of 15 with parenchymal ACC (P0 05). Positive expression o f LN-R was observed in 7 of 19 cases with adeno-tubular ACC and in 11 of 15 with parenchymal ACC (P

Objective:To evaluate the significance of expression of laminin (LN) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands. Methods:Ultrasensitive immunohistochemical staining(S-P) was used to examine LN and VEGF expression in specimens from 34 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.Results:Higher LN expression was found in adenoid or tubular type of the cases (P0.05). Higher VEGF expression was found in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ of the tumor (P0.05). Conclusion: LN and VEGF expression may be served as one of the predictors for the biological behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.

Objective To evaluate the techniques and the effects of resection of giant hepatic tumors in the caudate lobe of the liver. Methods The clinical data of 33 patients with primary liver carcinoma or benign tumor (>10 cm) in the caudate lobe of the liver surgically treated in our hospital from January 2000 to January 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The total of 33 huge liver tumors with a median diameter of 12.3 cm (10.2-15.3cm) were successfully resected. The types of the hepatectomies conducted were as follows:isolated total caudate lobectomy in 7cases, partial cau-date lobectomy in 8, caudate lobectomy plus other extended hepatectomy in 18. The median operative time was 218 min (120-360 min) and the median intraoperative blood loss 958 ml (400-7000 ml),with operative mortality and morbidity being 0 and 27%, respectively. The postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for the patients with primary liver cancer were 76 %,52% and 24%, respectively. Con-clusion The hepatic tumors of caudate lobe, when larger than 10 cm in diameter, frequently involves all the hepatic portal,hepatocaval confluence and retrohepatic IVC. Though it is sophisticated in tech-nique, surgical resection of this kind of tumor is safe, effective and of the first choice.

Objective:To understand the common viral infection among the surveillance cases of fever respiratory syndrome (FRS) in nine provinces in China.Methods:The research data were obtained from nine provinces (Anhui, Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, Hunan, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi and Xinjiang) in the "Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform Information Management System" of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to June 2021. Finally, 8 243 FRS cases with nucleic acid detection results of eight viruses [human influenza virus (HIFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human adenovirus (HAdV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and human Boca virus (HBoV)] were included in the study. The χ 2 test/Fisher exact probability method was used to analyze the difference of virus detection rate in different age groups, regions and seasons. Results The M ( Q1, Q3) age of 8 243 FRS cases was 4 (1, 18) years old, and 56.56% (4 662 cases) were children under 5 years old. Males accounted for 58.1% (4 792 cases) of all cases. All cases were from outpatient/emergency department (2 043 cases) and inpatient department (6 200 cases). The virus detection rates of FRS cases from high to low were HRSV, HIFV, HPIV, HRV, HAdV, HMPV, HCoV and HBoV. Two or more viruses were detected simultaneously in 524 cases, accounting for 15.66% of virus-positive cases. The difference of the virus detection rate in different age groups was statistically significant (all P values<0.05), and the virus detection rate in children<5 years old was higher (49.96%). The positive rate of any virus in south China was higher than that in north China ( P<0.001). The virus-positive FRS cases were detected throughout the year. The detection rate of HRSV was higher in autumn and winter. The detection rate of HIFV was higher in winter. The detection rate of HMPV was higher in winter and spring. The detection rates of HPIV, HRV, HCoV and HBoV were higher in summer and autumn, while there was no significant difference in the detection rate of HAdV in different seasons. Compared with 2009-2019, the detection rate of any virus in 2020-2021 decreased from 41.37% to 37.86%. The detection rate of HIFV decreased sharply from 10.62% to 1.37%. The detection rate of HPIV decreased from 8.24% to 5.88%. The detection rate of HRV and HBoV increased from 5.43% and 1.79% to 9.67% and 3.19%, respectively. Conclusion:HRSV and HIFV infections are more common among FRS cases in nine provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, and the epidemiological characteristics of eight common respiratory viruses vary in different age groups, regions and seasons.

Objective:To understand the common viral infection among the surveillance cases of fever respiratory syndrome (FRS) in nine provinces in China.Methods:The research data were obtained from nine provinces (Anhui, Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, Hunan, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi and Xinjiang) in the "Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform Information Management System" of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to June 2021. Finally, 8 243 FRS cases with nucleic acid detection results of eight viruses [human influenza virus (HIFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human adenovirus (HAdV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and human Boca virus (HBoV)] were included in the study. The χ 2 test/Fisher exact probability method was used to analyze the difference of virus detection rate in different age groups, regions and seasons. Results The M ( Q1, Q3) age of 8 243 FRS cases was 4 (1, 18) years old, and 56.56% (4 662 cases) were children under 5 years old. Males accounted for 58.1% (4 792 cases) of all cases. All cases were from outpatient/emergency department (2 043 cases) and inpatient department (6 200 cases). The virus detection rates of FRS cases from high to low were HRSV, HIFV, HPIV, HRV, HAdV, HMPV, HCoV and HBoV. Two or more viruses were detected simultaneously in 524 cases, accounting for 15.66% of virus-positive cases. The difference of the virus detection rate in different age groups was statistically significant (all P values<0.05), and the virus detection rate in children<5 years old was higher (49.96%). The positive rate of any virus in south China was higher than that in north China ( P<0.001). The virus-positive FRS cases were detected throughout the year. The detection rate of HRSV was higher in autumn and winter. The detection rate of HIFV was higher in winter. The detection rate of HMPV was higher in winter and spring. The detection rates of HPIV, HRV, HCoV and HBoV were higher in summer and autumn, while there was no significant difference in the detection rate of HAdV in different seasons. Compared with 2009-2019, the detection rate of any virus in 2020-2021 decreased from 41.37% to 37.86%. The detection rate of HIFV decreased sharply from 10.62% to 1.37%. The detection rate of HPIV decreased from 8.24% to 5.88%. The detection rate of HRV and HBoV increased from 5.43% and 1.79% to 9.67% and 3.19%, respectively. Conclusion:HRSV and HIFV infections are more common among FRS cases in nine provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, and the epidemiological characteristics of eight common respiratory viruses vary in different age groups, regions and seasons.

Objective:This study comprehensively analyzed the genomic characterizations of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) strains circulating in six provinces and cities of China (Beijing, Henan, Jilin, Anhui, Gansu, and Shandong) during the period of 2019-2020. The aim was to elucidate the intricate genetic variations and molecular evolutionary trends within the HPIV3 genome.Methods:Based on genotypic differentiation, genetic divergence, and spatial and temporal distribution, 12 representative HPIV3 strains (including 7 of C3a subtype, 2 of C3b subtype and 3 of C3f subtype) were selected from the aforementioned provinces, and the complete genome sequence was successfully obtained by overlapping amplification of fragments using nested RT-PCR. Subsequently, a complete genome database of global representative HPIV3 strains was constructed and analyzed using bioinformatics tools.Results:The length of complete genome of the 12 HPIV3 strains in the present study varied between 15 227 bp and 15 370 bp, the G+ C content ranged from 35.1% to 35.3% and the nucleotide identity intermediated from 97.6% to 99.6%. Compared with the prototype strain (GenBank accession number: NC_001796.2), the nucleotide identity of 12 HPIV3 strains ranged from 94.2% to 94.5%. Analysis of the complete genome of HPIV3 available in China and globally showed that the genomic variation of HPIV3 was mainly shaped by substitution mutations, and no base deletions or gene recombination were observed.Only a six-base insertion (ATTAAA) was found in the F gene’s 3′UTR region of a representative strain originating from Jilin province (CHN/Jilin036/2019/C3b) in this study, and its potential pathogenic significance needs to be further investigated. Amino acid analysis of the encoded proteins revealed that the C3a lineage of HPIV3, widely prevalent both in China and worldwide, exhibits lineage-specific mutation sites in the N, P and L proteins. Furthermore, within the Chinese prevalent C3a strains, a distinctive mutation site (N216S) in L protein was also identified. Notably, specific variant sites have not been found in Chinese C3b and C3f branch strains. Based on the complete genome, the comprehensive evolutionary analysis showed that the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of global HPIV3 strains was estimated to 1927 (95% HPD: 1901-1945), with an average molecular evolutionary rate of 5.29 × 10 -4 substitutions/site/year, while the average molecular evolutionary rate of HPIV3 strains in China is 5.24 × 10 -4 substitutions/site/year. In addition, each gene of HPIV3 was subjected to negative selection pressure, with the P, HN and F genes showing the most significant nucleotide variation and higher rates of molecular evolution than the other genes. Conclusions:This study reveals that the complete genome of HPIV3 strains circulating in six provinces and cities of China tend to evolve conservatively. Moreover, substitution emerge as the main driving force for molecular evolution of HPIV3.

Objective:To analyze the gene variation and evolutionary characteristics of human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) circulating in China based on hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene.Methods:Multiple qPCR was used to screen nucleic acid of common pathogens in throat swabs from acute respiratory tract infection cases in five provinces (Beijing, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Hunan) from 2007 to 2020. Subsequently, the HN gene sequence of HPIV3 positive samples was determined and compared with the HN gene sequence of HPIV3 strains from 10 provinces in China and abroad in the GenBank database. The molecular evolution analysis was carried out using a variety of bioinformatics method.Results:A total of 49 strains of HPIV3 HN gene sequences were obtained from 5 provinces, with nucleotide homology ranging from 96.6% to 100%. Among them, 48 strains were subtype C3 and 1 strain was subtype C5. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were co-epidemics of C1, C3 and C5 strains in 12 provinces of China during 2003—2020, and the nucleotide and amino acid homology among the strains were 95.4%-99.8% and 97.9%-100%, respectively. Among them, C3 is the dominant subtype in China, which is divided into five evolutionary branches of C3a, C3b, C3c, C3e and C3f, and the C3f has the widest range and time of spread. The evolutionary analysis of the C3 subtype showed that the estimated time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of it dated back to 1990, and its effective population size tended to be stable after expansion from 2002 to 2010. The HN gene evolution rate of the evolutionary branches of C3 HPIV3 varied from 3.69×10 -4 to 5.82×10 -4 substitutions/sites/year; the HN protein of C3 subtype strains shared four potential N-glycosylation sites N308, N351, N485 and N523, and the selection pressure was mainly negative. Conclusions:The C3 is an endemic dominant genotype, which has been widely spread and continuously circulating in China, and has formed different evolutionary clades during epidemic.